Skin entrance dose for digital and film radiography in Korean dental schools

Cho, Eun-Sang,Choi, Kun-Ho,Kim, Min-Gyu,Lim, Hoi-Jeong,Yoon, Suk-Ja,,Kang, Byung-Cheol 대한구강악안면방사선학회 2005 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.35 No.4

Purpose : This study was aimed to compare skin entrance dose of digital radiography with that of film radiography and to show the dose reduction achievement with digital systems at 11 dental schools in Korea. Materials and Methods : Forty six intraoral radiographic systems in 11 dental schools were included in this study. Digital sensors were used in 33 systems and film was used in 13 systems. Researchers and the volunteer visited 11 dental schools in Korea. Researchers asked the radiologic technician (s) at each school to set the exposure parameters and aiming the x-ray tube for the periapical view of the mandibular molar of the volunteer. The skin entrance doses were measured at the same exposure parameters and distance by the technician for each system with a dosimeter (Multi-O-Meter : Unfors instruments, Billdal, Sweden). Results : The median dose was 491.2 μGy for digital radiography and 1,205.0 μGy for film radiography. The skin entrance dose digital radiography was significantly lower than that of film radiography (p<0.05). Conclusion : Fifty-nine percent skin entrance dose reduction with digital periapical radiography was achieved over the film radiography in Korean dental schools.

Three-Dimensional Porous Collagen/Chitosan Complex Sponge for Tissue Engineering

Kim, Sung Eun,Cho, Yong Woo,Kang, Eun Jung,Kwon, Ick Chan,Lee, Eunhee Bae,Kim, Jung Hyun,Chung, Hesson,Jeong, Seo Young The Korean Fiber Society 2001 Fibers and polymers Vol.2 No.2

A three-dimensional, porous collagen/chitosan complex sponge was prepared to closely simulate basic extracellular matrix (ECM) constitutes, collagen and glycosaminoglycan. The complex sponge was prepared by a lyophilization method and had the regular network with highly porous structure, suitable for cell adhesion and growth. The pores were well interconnected, and their distribution was fairly homogeneous. The complex sponge was crosslinked using 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethyl aminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) to increase its boilogical stability and enhance its mechanical properties. The crosslinking medium has a great effect on the inner structure of the sponge. The homogeneous, porous structure of the sponge was remarkably collapsed in an aqueous crosslinking medium. However, the morphology of the sponge remained almost intact in a water/ethanol mixture crosslinking milieu. Mechanical properties of the collagen/chitosan sponge were significantly enhanced by EDC-mediated crosslinking. The potential of the sponge as a scaffold for tissue engineering was investigated using a Chinese hamster ovary cell (CHO-K1) line.

C 프로그램에서 객체 식별을 통한 C++ 클래스로의 재구성

조은숙,신현정,류성열 崇實大學校 生産技術硏究所 1995 論文集 Vol.25 No.1

대부분의 소프트웨어 시스템들은 C, Fortran, 그리고 COBOL과 같은 절차 중심 언어로 개발되었다. 이러한 언어들은 시스템에 대한 계층적 표현을 제공하지 못하기 때문에 시스템을 이해하고 유지 보수하고 재사용하기 어렵다. 이러한 어려움을 극복하기 위해서는 Ada의 패키지나 C++클래스로 재구성하는 방법이 있는데 Ada의 패키지로 재구성하는 경우에 있어서는 패키지간의 상속성에 대한 표현을 할 수가 없다.본 논문에서는 C언어로 작성된 프로그램을 입력으로 받아서 수신 기반 객체 식별을 통해서 C++클래스로 재구성하는 방법을 제안하고자 한다. 수신 기반 객체 식별을 통한 재구성 방법을 위한 도구로서 프로그램 종속성 그래프를 사용한다. 프로그램 종속성 그래프는 클래스를 구성하는 데 사용된다. 본 논문에서 제안한 재구성 기법을 통해서 프로그램의 모듈화, 추상화, 정보 은닉을 높이고 개체 지향 프로그래밍 언어인 C++로의 변환을 용이하게 하도록 한다.

실내공기 중 미세분진(PM2.5)에 대한 측정 및 분석 표준화 방안 연구

조은정,조영민 慶熙大學校 地球環境硏究所 2002 지구환경논문집 Vol.13 No.-

주요 오염원 물질로 취급되는 미세분진 중 PM2.5 미세 입자의 시료채취 및 측정 방법의 표준화 제정을 위해, 대표적인 시료포집방법인 여과 채취에 의해 질량농도를 나타내는 관성 분리법과 자상 물질의 물리적 성질을 이용하는 상대 농도계인 광산란 분진계를 비교하였다. 관성분리법을 이용한 샘플러는 현재 국내에서 실내 공기질 측정용으로 가장 많이 쓰이는 mini vol과 EPA 방법에 의해 설계된 PM2.5 샘플러를 선정하였고, 광산란법을 적용한 샘플러에는 각기 질량농도계와 개수농도계를 선정하여 장치의 특성을 비교 검토하였다. 그 밖의 실험 환경에 대한 기본조건인 측정시간, 측정위치등과 실험 측정 횟수에 따른 신뢰도구간의 확인과 임팩터 효율의 측정을 하였다. 그리고, 분진의 측정에 있어서 측정 장소, Sampler의 위치 등은 그 주변지역의 오염도를 대표할 수 있고, 시설을 이용하는 사람이 많은 곳을 선정하되, 환기구나 창문, 문 등의 환기에 영향을 적게 받는 지역에, 사람의 호흡기의 높이에 설치해야 한다는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 분진의 샘플링 시간 역시 중요한 인자로서, 주변환경에 대한 선행조사 이후에 적합한 샘플링 시간을 정하는 것이 의미가 있으며 몇가지 대표적인 측정 장치의 실험 데이터의 신뢰성을 위해서는 적어도 3회 이상의 반복실험이 이루어져야 함을 알 수 있었다.

어린이를 위한 미술관 교육프로그램 발전 방향

정경철,조은영 韓南大學校 敎育硏究所 2010 교육연구 Vol.18 No.2

Until recently, on-site training linked to school educations has been extended in South Korea. Art museum is an important on-site education place in the present and future for the children. The education at an art museum for the children who will lead the culture of the 21st century can be a fertilizer to grow them as a matured man of culture through various aesthetic experiences. Through the education at an art museum which is differentiated from that of school or other educational institutes, the children can raise aesthetic sensitivity, creativeness and artistic apprehension by directly touching and feeling the collection and sculptures displayed there. In this study, the developmental direction of children education program at an art museum is proposed by the literature review and survey. The results of this study are summarized as followings. First, a professional education department comprising professional educator should be organized to develop the children education program. Second, a positive cost support from government is necessary for the operation of art museum. Third, various art education programs that are matched to actual situations of our country and regional characteristics should be developed. Fourth, the children education program at an art museum should be performed with a practical lesson focusing on appreciation. Through this research, it is concluded that further researches and effort should be continuously made to provide various programs to the children who will become protagonists of future, so that they can get more familiar with art museum and raise creative thinking and abundant sensitivity through an art museum. 최근 어린이들에게 미술관은 학교교육과 연계한 현장학습 활동이 확대되면서 미래의 성숙된 교육현장으로 변모되어가고 있다. 어린이를 위한 미술관교육은 학교 또는 타 교육기관에서 이루어지는 교육과는 다르게 미술관 현장에 있는 전시품이나 조형물을 직접 만나면서 자연스럽게 미적 감수성이나 창의력, 감상능력을 기를 수 있는 것이 큰 장점이라 볼 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 문헌연구와 실태조시를 통해 어린이 미술관 교육프로그램의 발전 방향을 탐색하였다. 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 전문 에듀케이터로 구성된 교육담당 부서가 만들어져 이 시대에 걸 맞는 창의적인 어린이 교육프로그램을 개발할 수 있도록 해야 한다. 둘째, 적극적인 프로그램운영 및 개발연구를 위한 관계기관의 지원이 필요하다. 셋째, 우리나라의 실정과 지역특성에 걸 맞는 다양한 미술교육 프로그램이 개발 되어야 한다. 넷째, 미술관의 어린이 교육프로그램은 제7차 미술교과 개정 교육과정과 연계하여 미적 체험, 표현, 감상으로 이루어져야 한다. 이와 같이 미래의 주역이 될 어린이들에게 다양하고 흥미로운 현장체험 프로그램을 통해 창의적인 사고와 풍부한 감수성을 키울 수 있도록 계속적인 연구와 노력이 이루어져야 할 것이다.

피부 병변을 동반한 악성조직구증 1예

조은택,박용관,김진호,강정원,천영욱,전익섭,박유환,전춘해 조선대학교 1995 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.20 No.1

Malignant histiocytosis, originally described in 1939 as histiocytic medullary reticulosis by Scott and Robb-Smith, is a rare histiocytic proliferative disorder that often shows an acute onset and used to progress to death within a few months. This disorder characterized clinically by fever, generalized weakness, lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly, and shows a variable range of pancytopenia. Extranodal involvement is common, with an incidence ranging from 50% to as high as 90%, skin involves8ment was noted in 10% to 15%. Typical skin lesions were mainly founded in extremity. i.e. erythematous papule and nodule occasionally become to necrosis and ulceration. We experienced one case of malignant histiocytosis in a 46-years-old female. The major clinical findings are fever, malaise, hepatosplenomegaly and erythematous skin lesion. In the laboratory study, pancytopenia is noted on the peripheral blood. And also aggregation of many atypical histiocytes were shown on skin and bone marrow biopsy. So we reported one related case with malignant histiocytosis as well as reviewing literature .

An Analysis of Diplomatic Relations between the Republic of Korea and the Republic of Kazakhstan, and Its Prospects

Cho,Eun-Jeong,Kim,German N 고려대학교 러시아 CIS연구소 2012 Acta Russiana Vol.4 No.-

В 2012-ом году Республика Корея и Республика Казахстан отмечают 20- летие установления дипломатических отношений. В данной статьи рассматривается, какие внешние и внутренние детерминанты оказывали решающие влияние на создание, применение и дополнение внешней политики Республики Корея в отношений Казахстана с того момента, когда обе страны установили дипломатических отношений. Теория процесса принятия решений внешней политики, которая развивалась в основном в рамках послевоенной американской политологии с середины 20 века, показывает, что в отличии от традиции "реалистической" теории в современном мире "разные" факторы через "сложный и многослойный" процесс оказывают влияние на создание и применение дипломатической политики, и её результаты имеют обратную связь и принимаются во внимание в последующем потоке деятельности. В течение 20 лет дипло-матических связей южнокорейско казахстанские отношения развивались через три периода. Это во-первых, период образования отношений с момента установления дипломатических отношений в начале 90-ых годов до азиатского финансового кризиса в конце 90-х годов, во-вторых, период развития связей на основе экономического и ресурсного сотрудничества с начала 2000-ых годов до прихода к власти нынешней администрации в 2007 году и, в-третьих, период диверсификации отношений не только в экономическом, но и в политическом, культурном, социальном секторах с прихода к власти нынешней администрации Ли Мён Бака в 2008 году до сегодняшнего дня. В данной статьи рассматривается, какие именно внешние и внутренние факторы во вышеуказанных 3 периодах сыграли главную роль во принятии дипломатического курса Республики Корея в отношении Казахстана и намечаются, какие особенности существуют в Южнокорейско-Казахстанских отношениях во время развития дипломатических отношений обеих стран.

컴퓨터 시뮬레이션을 통한 치어사육용 다단계 배양시스템의 개발 가능성 탐색

정은수,조덕제,이정석,조만기 동서대학교부설연구소 1998 연구소 논문집 Vol.3 No.-

It was researched that the possibility for developing multistage culture system to cultivate larvae by computer simulation with basic experiments. This culture system was composed of 3 stages. Chlorella sp. at the 1st stage are being supplied to the rotifer(Brachionus plicatilis) at 2nd stage, and the rotifer are bing feeded to larvae at the 3rd stage. In this study, Chlorella sp. were cultivated by batch culture to search for the possibility of continuous feeding rate Chlorella sp., ???????? and ??(cells/hㆍrotifer) in the multistage culture system, then the change of the rotifer concentration at 2nd stage was simulated by computer. The required amount of rotifer for the growth of larvae was also increased as the increase of the length of larvae. On the 9th day of the culture, the rotifer uptake rate of larvae was 250(cells/dayㆍlarvae). Based on these basic experiments and results. It was suggested that the possibility of multistage culture system to cultivate larvae with continuous feeding of Chlorella sp. and rotifer.

중금속 제거 및 pH 상승을 위한 폐달걀껍질의 재활용

조영수,최영락,손희정,김은호 東亞大學校生命資源科學大學附設 農業資源硏究所 1997 農業生命資援硏究 Vol.6 No.1

In the present, batch test was conducted to evaluate the neutralization and adsorption of heavy metals from wastewater using waste egg shells. Neutralization and removal rate of heavy metals were excellent in the increase of waste concrete amounts and a small size. It seemed that adsorption efficiencies of heavy metals were influenced by solubility. As a result on the experiments of Freundlich isotherm, the adsorption capacities(k) were Cr 3.11, Cu 2.61, Mn 3.02 and Pb 0.95, respectively and the adsorption intensities(1/n) were Cr 0.35, Cu 0.44, Mn 0.4 and Pb 0.41, respectively. In view of these results, it showed that wastes containing the similar compositions as waste egg shells could utilize the neutralization and adsorption of heavy metals in wastewater.

고등어 및 정어리 선어의 휘발성성분

조우진,김훈,정연정,이영미,정은정,차용준 창원대학교 생활과학연구소 2002 생활과학연구 Vol.- No.6

This study was conducted to identify volatile compounds, associating with quality deterioration, which may play roles as indicators for quality assessment in fresh mackerel and sardine. Volatile compounds were analyzed by liquid liquid continuous extraction(LLCE)/GC/MSD methods. A total of 83 and 81 volatile compounds were detected in fresh mackerel and sardine, respectively, and these compounds were mainly composed of aldehydes(12 in raw mackerel, 11 in raw sardine), ketones(7, 4), alcohols(15, 14), esters(1, 3), aromatic compounds(13, 15), terpenes(5, 7), S-containing compounds(2, 2), hydrocarbons(13, 11) and miscellaneous compounds(2, 1). Most of compounds including carbonyls, alcohols, aromatic compounds and hydrocarbons were derived from lipid oxidation, and some compounds were detected from microbial degradation. It was supposed that LLCE method was proper to seek indicators for quality assessment in fresh mackerel and sardine, because of various volatile compounds derived from nonthermal lipid oxidation.