Effects of Herbal Extracts Used in Oriental Medicines on Heme Oxygenase-1 Expression

Jeong, Gil-Saeng,Oh, Seung-Hwan,Kang, Dae-Gill,Lee, Ho-Sub,Kim, Youn-Chul The Physiological Society of Korean Medicine and T 2006 동의생리병리학회지 Vol.20 No.5

Effects of twenty-three aqueous herbal extracts used in oriental medicines on heme oxygenase (HO)-1 expression were estimated in a mouse hippocampal cell line, HT22. HO-1 is one of the cytoprotective enzymes activated various stimuli, and Western blot analysis was used for evaluated HO-1 expression. Six aqueous extracts such as Rhei Rhizoma, Paeoniae Radix, Uncariae Ramulus et Uncus, Theae Folium, Prunellae Spica, and Coptidis Rhizoma significantly increased HO-1 expression in HT22 cells at the concentration of 300 ${\mu}$g/ml. In Addition, four aqueous extracts including Eucommiae Cortex, Moutan Cortex Radicis, Ginseng Radix Rubra, and Scutellariae Radix moderately increased HO-1 expression. These results would be usefulfor the isolation and identification of their neuroprotective principles.

Sauchinone Suppresses Pro-inflammatory Mediators by Inducing Heme Oxygenase-1 in RAW264.7 Macrophages

Li, Bin,Lee, Dong-Sung,Choi, Hyun-Gyu,Kim, Kyoung-Su,Kang, Dae-Gil,Lee, Ho-Sub,Jeong, Gil-Saeng,Kim, Youn-Chul Pharmaceutical Society of Japan 2011 BIOLOGICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN Vol.34 No.10

<P>Sauchinone, a biologically active lignan isolated from the roots of <I>Saururus chinensis</I> (L<SMALL>OUR</SMALL>.) B<SMALL>AILL</SMALL>. (Saururaceae), is reported to exert a variety of biological activities, such as hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory actions and inhibitory effects on bone resorption. In this study, we investigated the effect of sauchinone in suppressing cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, leading to a reduction in COX-2-derived prostaglandin E<SUB>2</SUB> (PGE<SUB>2</SUB>) and iNOS-derived nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. Present study also demonstrates the effects of sauchinone in inducing heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression and an increase in heme oxygenase (HO) activity in RAW264.7 macrophages. The effects of sauchinone on LPS-induced PGE<SUB>2</SUB>, NO, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interlukine-1β (IL-1β) production were partially reversed by the HO-1 inhibitor Tin protoporphyrin was also seen in this study. In addition, we found that treatment with extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) inhibitor (PD98059) reduced sauchinone-induced HO-1 expression. Sauchinone also increased ERK phosphorylation. These results suggest that sauchinone inhibits pro-inflammatory mediators through expression of anti-inflammatory HO-1 <I>via</I> ERK pathway.</P>

韓國産 薔薇科 植物에 관한 本草學的 硏究 I

정종길,황상욱,송호준,신민교 한국전통의학연구소 2004 한국전통의학지 Vol.14 No.1

For the purpose of developing Korean Herbalogy with the plants of Rosaceae which grow wild and is planted in Korea, the these and writings on herbalogy, from literature of successive generations, have been thoroughly investigated and the results obtained as follows: 1. There were totaled to 36 genera and 262 in Korea and among them medicinal plants are 27 genera, 117species, some 44% in total, but the number of species may be added because of the similiar plants. 2. According to sum of 262 species in Rosaceae family, they were classified into Agrimonia genera 3, Potentilla genera 26, Prunus genera 48,pyrus genera 17, Rosa genera 24, Rubus genera 28, Sorbaria genera 17, Spiraea genera 20. Thus it was noticed that Prunus genera was the main kind in total. 3. According to the oriental names which can be used for medical purpose, the medicinal plants belonging to the Rosaceae family were classified as Herba 24, Radix 43, Foilum 31, Fructus 48, Semen 11, cortex 14, Lignum, Ramulus;12 each Flos 3, pericarpium 3, resina 2, the others 6. so Fructus is 24% of all and it is the most applied in the clinical treatments. 4. According to nature and flavour of medicinal plants, they were classified into balance 84, warmth, heat; 44 each, cold, cool; 35 each bitter taste 79, sweet taste 74, sour taste 61 thus it was noticed that balance and bitter taste is the main in nature and flavour of medicinal plants 5. According to meridian tropism of herbs they were classified into liver meridian 50 lung meridian 28, stomach meridian 22, spleen meridian 20, heart meridian 19 thus it was noticed that liver meridian is the main kind 6. According to the Properties and Principal curative action, they were classified into drugs for treating detoxicant 72, drugs for treating febrifugal 55, drugs for invigorating blood circulation 53, drugs for removing dampness 46, drugs for expelling wind and drugs to stop bleeding 38 each, drugs to cure tramatic swelling and drugs for relieving pain 36 each. Thus it was noticed that drugs for treating detoxicant and febrifugal was the main kind 7. It was researched that toxic drugs include minor toxin were 10 kinds From this result, it was revealed that Fructus was the main kind in the plants for medical purpose of Rosaceae. and toxic plants was slightly poisonous that it will be used for clinical treatments more easily. It is considered that many experiments and clinical approaches must be continued to use Rosaceae plants widely.

X-선 조사를 받은 흰쥐망막 빛감각세포의 미세구조

고정식,박동분,양남길,안의태,박경호,김진국 대한해부학회 1993 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.26 No.3

손상받은고양이 줄무늬체에서 축삭반응에 관한 미세구조적 연구

양남길,조영열,안의태,고정식,박경호,김진국 대한해부학회 1994 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.27 No.3

발꿈치힘줄이 절단된 흰쥐의 가자미근과 장단지근내의 모세혈관과 신경섬유의 형태학적 연구

고정식,최기수,양남길,안의태,박경호,김진국 대한해부학회 1995 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.28 No.1

총담관 결찰후 집토끼 결장점막내 배상세포의 미세구조적 변화

고정식,강권철,양남길,안의태,박경호 순천향대학교 1991 논문집 Vol.14 No.2

담관이 폐쇄되었을 때 결장점막내 배상세포의 미세구조적 변화를 알아보기 위하여 체중 2㎏ 내외의 집토끼 총담관을 이중으로 결찰한 후 1일, 3일, 5일,7일 및 14일이 경과한 후, 결장원위부의 조직을 절취하였다. 절취된 조직은 전자현미경 관찰을 위하여 통산적 방법으로 고정, 탈수 및 포매하여 JEM 100CX Ⅱ전자현미경으로 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 결장점막상피를 구성하는 세포중 점액을 분비하는 세포로는 장은와원주세포와 배상세포가 있다. 2. 수술후 3일군의 배상세포의 경우 점액과립중 전자밀도가 낮은 것들은 융합되어 있는 경우가 많았고, 과립형질내세망이 다소 확장되어 있었다. 3. 수술후 5일군에서는 미성숙 배상세포가 많이 관찰되었다. 4. 수술후 7일, 14일군의 배상세포는 점액과립의 생성과 분비양상이 정상세포의 것과 같아 보였다. 따라서 총담관이 결찰되면 초기에는 배상세포의 점액방출 및 생성이 억제되나 시일이 경과되면 배상세포의 분화가 활성화되어 점액의 부족분을 보완해 주어 정상상태로 회복되는 것 같다. This experiment was performed to study the morphological changes of the goblet cells in the rabbit colonic mucosa after common bile duct ligation. Healthy adult rabbits weighing about 2㎏ body weight were divided into normal and bile duct ligated groups. Common bile duct ligation was performed under ether anesthesia. Experimental animals were sacrificed on the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th and 14th day after the operation. Mucosal specimens from the distal colon were fixed in 2.5% glutaraldelyde-1.5% paraformaldehyde, followed by 1% osmium tetroxide, embedded in araldite mixture, cut with LHB-V ultratome, stained with uranyl acetate-lead citrate, and observed with JEM 100 CX Ⅱ electron microscope. Observed results were as follow: 1. There were two types of mucous secreting cells in the rabbit distal colon; crypt columnar cell and goblet cell. 2. In the 3rd day after bile duct ligation, there found electron lucent mucous granules in the goblet cell which were occasionally fused together, and moderately distended granular endoplasmic reticulum. 3. In the 5th day after operation, the rabbit colonic goblet cells are frequently seen immature type. 4. In the late stage of the experiments, the rabbit colonic goblet cells showed general findings of the mucous granules, and other cell organells were similar to normal ones. Considering the above findings, common bile duct ligation probably resulted the hypoformation and hyposecretion of mucous granules of goblet cells in the early stage, and may facilitate the differentiation of goblet cells in the late stage.

뇌손상시 교세포의 작용에 관한 전자현미경적 연구

양남길,고정식,안의태,박경호 순천향대학교 1984 논문집 Vol.7 No.1

뇌조직의 별성 또는 질병과정에서 각종 신경교세포의 역활을 비교 검토하기 위하여 일차적으로 창상 치유과정의 실험을 시행했다. 뇌조직의 미세구조가 확연하지 못한 부위가 많은 점을 고려하여 이번 실험에서는 이미 저자들이 오랫동안 연구하여 미세구조의 특징을 잘 알고 있는 뇌기저핵의 fundus striati를 주변구조로부터 외각적으로 분리시킨 상태에서 1, 2, 3, 7, 14, 28일간 생존시켜 창상 치유과정에서, 각 미세구조별로 퇴행과정과 교세포 종류별 활동상황을 전자현미경으로 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. (1) 창상 후 형태학적 변화는 투사세포의 괴사, 외래 신경축삭과 종말의 괴사, 괴사종말과 연접한 연접후구조의 부종과 극돌기 합입등으로서 이미 발표한 성적들??과 같았다. (2) 수술초기에는 원형질성 섬유세포가 neuropil전역에 걸쳐 활동성으로 바뀌고, 모든 퇴행성 구조를 감싸면서 다른 구조와 분리시켰다. (3) 분리된 퇴행성 구조물은 용해되기 시작했다. (4) 미세교세포가 증가하였고 이들 세포는 다량의 지방소적을 함유하고 있었다. (5) 혈관주위세포는 기저막으로 싸인채 팽대되며, 주변에는 미세교세포와 이행형이면서 기저막이 없는 세포들이 많이 출현하여 뇌대식세포의 혈액세포 또는 혈관주위세포 기원설에 일치하는 형태학적 소견을 보였다. (6) 회돌기교세포는 변성축삭으로부터 수초의 회수작업등의 수동적 반응을 보였다. (7) 교세포의 비교판독 결과 대식세포는 외인성 이물질을 파괴소화시키는 작업을 수행하며, 원형질성 성상세포가 모든 변성구조물의 용해·흡수·제거작용을 이행하고, 최종적으로 섬유성 성상교세포가 빈자리의 섬유화를 완성한다. (8) 조직의 섬유화가 치유과정과 동시에 이루어지는 것은 뇌의 신경세포재생이 이루어지지 못하는 주요 원인으로 생각된다. Structural variations of the neuroglial cells in the degenerating nervous tissues are points of arguements in the neuromorphological field. The short of ultrastructural information on the specific nuclei is one of the critical points in the study of neuroglial activities, because the exact readings of the ultrastructural elements are essential for the differentiation of glial-target relationships. Having the experiences of extensive studies on the fundus striati nucleus (Nucleus accumbens septi) during the last 10 years, we have studied the glial-target relationships following the surgical isolation of the fundus striati uncleus of cat. Surgery was performed by vertically inserting a stainless stell tube-knife, measuring 5mm in diameter, into the brain down to the base of the skull. The blood supply to the tissue cylinder was maintained through the vessels at the base of the skull. The blood supply to the tissue cylinder was maintained through the vessels at the base of the brain. After the survival time of 1, 2, 3, 7, 14 and 28 days, cats were perfused with a mixture of 1% paraformaldehyde-1% glutaraldehyde in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) and postfixed in osmium tetroxide solution. The ultrathin sections were counterstained with uranyl acetate-lead citrate, and were examined in a JEM 100CX electron microscope. The results are as follow: 1. In the primary stage, the protoplasmic astroglial cells are activated throughout the neuropil. They fill the large area between neuronal elements, and separate the degenerating elements from the intact elements. 2. The astroglial cells attack and dissolve the degenerated elements. 3. The microglial cells increase in number and are activated. 4. In the later stage, around the capillaries, there accumulate many hypertropied pericytes, activated brain macrophages, and the cells of transitional forms between pericytes and macrophages. 5. Ameboid microglia or macrophages also can separate the altering elements from the intact elements. 6. Oligodendroglia shows passive reaction of retraction its myelinating lamellae from degenerating axons. 7. Glial fibrosis actively spreading in the degenerating nervous tissue was suspected as the possible reason of loss of regenerative function in central neuronal cells.

머리부분에 방사선조사를 받은 흰쥐 샘뇌하수체의 변화에 대한 면역전자현미경적 연구

신기호,박경호,안의태,양남길,고정식 순천향의학연구소 1995 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.1 No.2

본 실험은 과다한 X-선에 머리부분이 노출되었을 때, 샘뇌하수체의 변화를 알아보기 위하여 시행하였다. 체중 200-250g의 Sprague Dawley계 숫흰쥐를 실험동물로 사용하였으며, 정상군과 방사선조사군으로 나누었다, 방사선조사군은 조사량에 따라 3,000 rad 조사군과 6,000 rad조사군으로 나누어, 방사선 조사후 6시간, 2일 및 6일 후에 도살하여 조직을 절취하였다. 방사선조사는 흰쥐를 sodium thiopental로 마취한 후 방사선선형가속기(Mitsubishi Linear Accelerator ML-4MV)를 사용하여 머리부위를 조사하였다. 조사조건은 조사거리 80 cm, 조사구역 30 cm X 30 cm, 조사깊이 1.2 cm(100% skin dose)였으며, 분당 200 rad씩 조사하였다. 샘뇌하수체는 1% glutaraldehyde- 1% paraformaldehyde액으로 일차 고정한후, 2% osmium tetroxide액에 이차고정하였으며, 고정이 끝난 조직은 alcohol과 acetone으로 탈수한 후 araldite혼합액에 포매하였다. 포매된 조직은 , LKB-V ultratome으로 60-70nm두께의 절편을 작성하여 300 mesh nickel grid에 붙인 다음 젖샘자극호르몬과 성장자극호르몬에 대한 단독면역염색 및 이중면역염색을 시행하였다. 면역염색이 끝난 절편은 uranyl acetate와 lead citrate로 염색한후, JEM 100CX-Ⅱ 전자현미경으로 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 젖샘자극호르몬분비세포는 불규칙한 모양을 한 큰 분비과립(300-700 nm)을 가진 성숙세포, 크기가 다양한 둥근 분비과립(150-200 nm)을 가진 중간 세포와 크기가 작은 둥근 분비과립(100-150 nm)을 가진 미성숙세포로 나눌 수 있었다. 2. 성장자극호르몬분비세포는 크고 둥근 분비과립(200-500 nm)을 가진 제 1 형 세포와 상대적으로 작고 둥근 분비과립 (150-200 nm)을 가진 제 Ⅱ형 세포로 나눌 수 있었다. 3. 방사선 조사후 6 시간군에서 3,000 rad에서는 큰 변화가 없었고, 6,000 rad에서는 사립체와 과립형질내세망의 수조 확장이 관찰되었다. 방사선 조사후 2일군에서는 큰 변화가 없었으며, 6일군에서는 핵막구조의 확장이 관찰되었다. 4. 세포의 종류도 젖샘자극호르몬분비세포는 3,000 rad 조사군과 6,000 rad 조사군 모두 2일군에서는 성숙형이 감소하고 중간형과 미성숙형이 자주 관찰되었으며, 6일군에서는 정상군과 같은 분포양상을 보였으나 분비과립의 금입자표지가 감소한 것을 관찰할 수 있었다. 성장자극호르몬분비세포에서는 뚜렷한 세포형이 분포변화는 관찰할 수 없었으나 금입자표지의 감소는 나타났다. 5. 방사선조사후 6시간군에서 부터 mammosomatography가 나타났는데, 한 세포 내에 젖샘자극호르몬과 성장자극호르몬을 지닌 분비과립이 함께 존재하였으며, 세포의 모양은 다핵세포의 형태를 하고 있는 것과 불규칙한 모양을 한 것이 있었는데, 이와같은 결과는 방사선조사 후 샘뇌하수체의 기능저하에 따른 보상작용으로 나타난 현상이라 생각된다. 이상의 결과로 보아 방사선 조사를 받은 초기에는 분비과립의 방출이 과다하게 일어나며, 방사선 조사의 영향으로 세포질소기관의 기능이 약화되어 6일이 지나면 샘뇌하수체의 호르몬분비능력이 저하되는 것 같다. This experiment was performed to study the morphological changes of the adenohypophysis of rat following X-ray irradiation. Male rats were divided into normal and X-ray irradiation groups. The heads of rat were exposed to 3,000 rads or 6,000 rads of radiation in a single dose. X-ray source was a Mitsubishi Linear Accelerator ML-4MV. Only the heads of animals were exposed at the distance of 80 cm, within the area of 30 X 30 cm, in the depth of 1 cm, with the speed of 200 rad/min. Animals of X-ray irradiation group were sacrificed on 6 hours, 2 days and 6 days after the irradiation. Tissue blocks of adenohypophysis were fixed in the 1% glutaraldehyde - 1% paraformaldehyde solution, followed by refixation in the 2% osmium tetroxide solution. Dehydradted blocks were embedded in araldite mixture. The sections were cut on a LKB V ultrotome, and ultrathin sections were places on bare nickel grid(200 mesh). The section-bearing grids were floated upside down on the solutions in a moisture chamber at room temperature. Sections were single immunostained or double immunostained for prolactin and/or growth hormone. And the sections were jet washed with distilled water. The immunostained sections were contrasted with uranyl acetate and lead citrate, and observed with JEM 100CX II electron microscope. The results were as follows: 1. Three types of the prolactin cells according to their size and shape of secretory granules were found; mature type cells contained large pleomorphic secretory granules(above 500 nm). intermediate type cells contained round granules of varying size(200-250 nm), and immature type cells contained small round granules(100 nm). 2. Two types of the growth hormone cells according to their size of secretory granules were found: type I cells contained large round secretory granules(200-300 nm) and type II cells contained small granules(100-200 nm). 3. Six hours after the irradiation, adenohypophysis showed swollen cisternae of granular endoplasmic reticulum and alterations of mitochondrial cristae, but only in doses of 6.000 rads. 4. Adenohypopysis showed decrease in number of mature type prolactin cells on 2 days after irradiatin, and recovered number of mature typer prolactin cell. but their immunoreactiveity were gradually decreased following the irradiation, as compared with that in normal adenohypophysis. 5. Six hours after the irradiation, mammosomatotrophs were found to contain prolactin and growth hormone within different granules each other. Some cells were multinucleated, and some cells exhibited irregular cytoplasmic processes. Summarizing the above results, adenohypophysis rapidly released the secretory granules after the irradiation, and cell organelles of prolactin cells and growth hormone cells were altered or degenerated. It means that adenohypophysis decreased its hormone producing activity on 6 days after irradiation.

부신절제후의 위점막 점액세포의 미세구조

양남길,구광일,안의태,고정식,박경호 順天鄕大學 1989 순천향대학논문집 Vol.12 No.3