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LSST: From Science Drivers to Reference Design and Anticipated Data Products
Ivezić,, Ž,eljko,Kahn, Steven M.,Tyson, J. Anthony,Abel, Bob,Acosta, Emily,Allsman, Robyn,Alonso, David,AlSayyad, Yusra,Anderson, Scott F.,Andrew, John,P. Angel, James Roger,Angeli, George Z American Astronomical Society 2019 The Astrophysical journal Vol.873 No.2
A Resistive Memory in Semiconducting BiFeO<sub>3</sub> Thin‐Film Capacitors
Jiang, An Quan,Wang, Can,Jin, Kui Juan,Liu, Xiao Bing,Scott, James F.,Hwang, Cheol Seong,Tang, Ting Ao,Lu, Hui Bin,Yang, Guo Zhen WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2011 ADVANCED MATERIALS Vol.23 No.10
<P><B>A ferroelectric‐resistive random access memory consisting of a conductive BiFeO<SUB>3</SUB></B> epitaxial thin film with a unipolar diode current modulated by electric polarization orientation is reported. This device has a memory that lasts for months, a sufficiently high on current and on/off ratio to permit ordinary sense amplifiers to measure “1” or “0”, and is fully compatible with complementary metal‐oxide semiconductor processing. </P>
The Immune Landscape of Cancer
Thorsson, Vé,steinn,Gibbs, David L.,Brown, Scott D.,Wolf, Denise,Bortone, Dante S.,Ou Yang, Tai-Hsien,Porta-Pardo, Eduard,Gao, Galen F.,Plaisier, Christopher L.,Eddy, James A.,Ziv, Elad,Culhane, Elsevier 2018 Immunity Vol.48 No.4
<P><B>Summary</B></P> <P>We performed an extensive immunogenomic analysis of more than 10,000 tumors comprising 33 diverse cancer types by utilizing data compiled by TCGA. Across cancer types, we identified six immune subtypes—wound healing, IFN-γ dominant, inflammatory, lymphocyte depleted, immunologically quiet, and TGF-β dominant—characterized by differences in macrophage or lymphocyte signatures, Th1:Th2 cell ratio, extent of intratumoral heterogeneity, aneuploidy, extent of neoantigen load, overall cell proliferation, expression of immunomodulatory genes, and prognosis. Specific driver mutations correlated with lower (<I>CTNNB1</I>, <I>NRAS</I>, or <I>IDH1</I>) or higher (<I>BRAF</I>, <I>TP53</I>, or <I>CASP8</I>) leukocyte levels across all cancers. Multiple control modalities of the intracellular and extracellular networks (transcription, microRNAs, copy number, and epigenetic processes) were involved in tumor-immune cell interactions, both across and within immune subtypes. Our immunogenomics pipeline to characterize these heterogeneous tumors and the resulting data are intended to serve as a resource for future targeted studies to further advance the field.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Six identified immune subtypes span cancer tissue types and molecular subtypes </LI> <LI> Immune subtypes differ by somatic aberrations, microenvironment, and survival </LI> <LI> Multiple control modalities of molecular networks affect tumor-immune interactions </LI> <LI> These analyses serve as a resource for exploring immunogenicity across cancer types </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical Abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Cai, Geping,Napolitano, José,G.,McAlpine, James B.,Wang, Yuehong,Jaki, Birgit U.,Suh, Joo-Won,Yang, Seung Hwan,Lee, In-Ae,Franzblau, Scott G.,Pauli, Guido F.,Cho, Sanghyun American Chemical Society and American Society of 2013 Journal of natural products Vol.76 No.11
<P>Thirty-five thousand actinomycete extracts were screened for anti-<I>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</I> (<I>M. tb</I>) activity, followed by C<SUB>18</SUB> cartridge fractionation of 37 prioritized extracts. Based on MICs against replicating and nonreplicating <I>M. tb</I>, and IC<SUB>50</SUB> values against Vero cells to generate selectivity indices, seven fractions from seven different strains were selected for further examination. When cultured in G.S.S. media and extracted with ethyl acetate, the <I>Streptomyces hygroscopicus</I> strain ECUM 14046 yielded an extract with promising anti-<I>M. tb</I> activity and a well-defined chromatographic profile. Fractionation by preparative HPLC and subsequent structure elucidation of two active fractions using 1D- and 2D-NMR and MS methods revealed the presence of two cyclohexapeptides, hytramycins V and I, each containing three unusual piperazic acid moieties. The use of <SUP>1</SUP>H iterative full spin analysis (HiFSA) on both hytramycins confirmed that quantum mechanics-simulated spectra match the experimental data, and all <I>J</I><SUB>H,H</SUB> and δ<SUB>H</SUB> values are consistent with the proposed structures. The absolute configuration of each amino acid moiety was determined by Marfey’s method. The MICs against replicating and, more importantly, nonreplicating <I>M. tb</I> fall into the range of some existing second-line anti-TB drugs, such as streptomycin and capreomycin, respectively. The activities were maintained against <I>M. tb</I> strains that represent the major global clades, as well as H<SUB>37</SUB>Rv-isogenic strains that are resistant to individual clinical anti-TB drugs.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jnprdf/2013/jnprdf.2013.76.issue-11/np400145u/production/images/medium/np-2013-00145u_0005.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/np400145u'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Jeong, YoungKyu,Lee, Jung-Hoon,Ahn, Suk-Jin,Song, Seung-Woo,Jang, Hyun Myung,Choi, Hyojin,Scott, James F. American Chemical Society 2012 JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY - Vol.134 No.3
<P>Multiferroics have received a great deal of attentionbecause oftheir fascinating physics of order-parameter cross-couplings and theirpotential for enabling new device paradigms. Considering the rarenessof multiferroic materials, we have been exploring the possibilityof artificially imposing ferroelectricity by structurally tailoringantiferromagnets in thin-film forms. YbFeO<SUB>3</SUB> (YbFO hereafter),a family of centrosymmetric rare-earth orthoferrites, is known tobe nonferroelectric (space group <I>Pnma</I>). Here we reportthat a YbFO thin-film heterostructure fabricated by adopting a hexagonaltemplate surprisingly exhibits nonferroelastic ferroelectricity withthe Curie temperature of 470 K. The observed ferroelectricity is furthercharacterized by an extraordinary two-step polarization decay, accompaniedby a pronounced magnetocapacitance effect near the lower decay temperature,∼225 K. According to first-principles calculations, the hexagonal <I>P</I>6<SUB>3</SUB>/<I>mmc</I>–<I>P</I>6<SUB>3</SUB><I>mc</I>–<I>P</I>6<SUB>3</SUB><I>cm</I> consecutive transitions are primarily responsiblefor the observed two-step polarization decay, and the ferroelectricityoriginates from the <I>c</I>-axis-oriented asymmetric Yb5d<SUB><I>z</I><SUP>2</SUP></SUB>–O 2p<SUB><I>z</I></SUB> orbital hybridization. Temperature-dependent magnetizationcurves further reveal an interesting phenomenonof spontaneous magnetization reversal at 83 K, which is attributedto the competition between two distinct magnetocrystalline anisotropyterms, Fe 3d and Yb 4f moments.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jacsat/2012/jacsat.2012.134.issue-3/ja210341b/production/images/medium/ja-2011-10341b_0004.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ja210341b'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Jiang, Jun,Bai, Zi Long,Chen, Zhi Hui,He, Long,Zhang, David Wei,Zhang, Qing Hua,Shi, Jin An,Park, Min Hyuk,Scott, James F.,Hwang, Cheol Seong,Jiang, An Quan Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan P 2018 NATURE MATERIALS Vol.17 No.1
Erasable conductive domain walls in insulating ferroelectric thin films can be used for non-destructive electrical read-out of the polarization states in ferroelectric memories. Still, the domain-wall currents extracted by these devices have not yet reached the intensity and stability required to drive read-out circuits operating at high speeds. This study demonstrated non-destructive read-out of digital data stored using specific domain-wall configurations in epitaxial BiFeO<SUB>3</SUB> thin films formed in mesa-geometry structures. Partially switched domains, which enable the formation of conductive walls during the read operation, spontaneously retract when the read voltage is removed, reducing the accumulation of mobile defects at the domain walls and potentially improving the device stability. Three-terminal memory devices produced 14 nA read currents at an operating voltage of 5 V, and operated up to T = 85 °C. The gap length can also be smaller than the film thickness, allowing the realization of ferroelectric memories with device dimensions far below 100 nm.
Agarwal, Radhe,Sharma, Yogesh,Chang, Siliang,Pitike, Krishna C.,Sohn, Changhee,Nakhmanson, Serge M.,Takoudis, Christos G.,Lee, Ho Nyung,Tonelli, Rachel,Gardner, Jonathan,Scott, James F.,Katiyar, Ram S American Physical Society 2018 Physical review. B Vol.97 No.5
<P>Tin titanate (SnTiO3) has been notoriously impossible to prepare as a thin-film ferroelectric, probably because high-temperature annealing converts much of the Sn2+ to Sn4+. In the present paper, we show two things: first, perovskite phase SnTiO3 can be prepared by atomic-layer deposition directly onto p-type Si substrates; and second, these films exhibit ferroelectric switching at room temperature, with p-type Si acting as electrodes. X-ray diffraction measurements reveal that the film is single-phase, preferred-orientation ferroelectric perovskite SnTiO3. Our films showed well-saturated, square, and repeatable hysteresis loops of around 3 mu C/cm(2) remnant polarization at room temperature, as detected by out-of-plane polarization versus electric field and field cycling measurements. Furthermore, photovoltaic and photoferroelectricity were found in Pt/SnTiO3/Si/SnTiO3/Pt heterostructures, the properties of which can be tuned through band-gap engineering by strain according to first-principles calculations. This is a lead-free room-temperature ferroelectric oxide of potential device application.</P>