Upregulation of Endosymbiont Densities in Bemisia tabaci by Acquisition of Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus

Jahan, S.M. Hemayet,Lee, Kyeong-Yeoll 경북대학교 농업생명과학대학 2012 Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences Vol.30 No.2

Sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, is a vector of more than 100 plant-diseased viruses, as well as a serious pest of various horticultural plants. This species harbors a primary endosymbiont Portiera along with several secondary endosymbionts such as Cardinium and Hamiltonella. We investigated whether or not TYLCV acquisition alters the densities of endosymbionts in the body of B. tabaci using quantitative real-time PCR. Our results showed that the densities of both Cardinium and Hamiltonella, but not Portiera, increased upon acquisition of TYLCV. In addition, expression of GroEL, a molecular chaperone produced by Hamiltonella, was significantly upregulated in TYLCV-infected whiteflies. Our results suggest that endosymbionts may play an important role in TYLCV transmission mechanism within the body of B. tabaci.

Upregulation of probing‐ and feeding‐related behavioural frequencies in <i>Bemisia tabaci</i> upon acquisition of <i>Tomato yellow leaf curl virus</i>

Jahan, SM Hemayet,Lee, Gwan‐,Seok,Lee, Sukchan,Lee, Kyeong‐,Yeoll John Wiley Sons, Ltd 2014 Pest Management Science Vol.70 No.10

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P><B>BACKGROUND</B></P><P>The behaviour of insect vectors can be altered by the acquisition of plant viruses. <I>Bemisia tabaci</I>, which is the vector of <I>Tomato yellow leaf curl virus</I> (TYLCV), causes damage to susceptible tomato cultivars. Here, the frequencies of several behavioural characteristics related to probing and feeding that are exhibited by non‐viruliferous (NV) and TYLCV‐viruliferous (V) adult <I>B. tabaci</I> were compared using a sandwich‐type parafilm cage.</P><P><B>RESULTS</B></P><P>The frequencies of behaviours such as wing flapping, leg movement, body shaking and body position change while settling and feeding on plant leaves were higher in V than in NV whiteflies. Evaluation of probing frequencies by measuring the number and size of holes punctured in parafilm by whiteflies revealed that most holes had a diameter of 7.5–26.7 µm, which is within the range of proboscis diameters of whiteflies. There were more small‐sized holes than medium‐ and large‐sized holes. Male whiteflies produced more small‐sized holes, but females more mid‐sized holes. V whiteflies showed increased hole numbers but decreased feeding duration relative to NV whiteflies.</P><P><B>CONCLUSION</B></P><P>Adult <I>B. tabaci</I> showed higher frequencies of probing and feeding behaviours when infected with TYLCV. These manipulations of feeding behaviours of insect vectors may result in increased transmission of plant virus. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry</P>

DIURETIC RENOGRAM IN BILHARZIAL URETER

Jahan, Shaukat,Abdel-Dayem, H. M.,Pawar, H. N.,Sehweil, Aly,Nawaz, K. 대한핵의학회 1984 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.18 No.1

Acquisition of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus enhances attraction of Bemisia tabaci to green light emitting diodes

Jahan, S.M.H.,Lee, G.S.,Lee, S.,Lee, K.Y. 한국응용곤충학회 2014 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol. No.

The light sensitivity of insects varies in response to different wavelengths of light. The change of light responses of vector insects plays an important role in the method of transmission and propagation of plant viruses. Here, we investigated whether the light attraction behaviors of whiteflies are altered by virus acquisition. Firstly, the light attraction rates of whiteflies were determined using LED light bulbs exhibiting different wavelengths in the visible and UV spectra. Whiteflies, Bemisia tabaci and Trialeurodes vaporariorum, were mostly attracted to green LEDs (526nm). The attraction rate to green LED light was higher in B. tabaci than in T. vaporariorum, whereas it did not significantly differ between the B- and Q-biotypes of B. tabaci. Secondly, we investigated whether or not the green light attraction behavior of B. tabaci is influenced by the acquisition of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV). The attraction rate to green LED light was 2.5-3 times higher in TYLCV-infected whiteflies than in TYLCV-free whiteflies. However, this difference disappeared when the distance from the light source was greater than 0.5m. Our results show that B. tabaci favors green light and its attraction is highly enhanced by the acquisition of the plant virus, TYLCV.

Molecular Variation of Endosymbiotic Bacteria Wolbachia in Bemisia tabaci and Related Whiteflies

Jahan, S.M. Hemayet,Lee, Kyeong-Yeoll Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology 2012 慶北大農學誌 Vol.30 No.2

Whiteflies harbor several secondary endosymbionts, which are maternally inherited from mother to offspring, that have major effects on host preferences, biology, and evolution. Here, we identified Wolbachia bacteria in sweetpotato whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) as well as whitefly popluations from other countries by comparison of 16S rDNA sequences. Wolbachia were detected in all tested indigenous B. tabaci populations (Bangladesh, Myanmar, Nepal, and the Philippines) as well as Q1 biotype of Korea, whereas they were absent from B biotype of Korea and Q biotype of China. Wolbachia were also detected in all five tested Aleurodicus dispersus populations as well as Tetraleurodes acaciae, whereas they were not detected in all seven Trialeurodes vaporariorum populatuions. In addiiton, Wolbachia were detected in parasitic wasp (Encarsia formosa) of B. tabaci as well as honeybee (Apis mellifera). Among the 19 whitefly populations from different countries, our analysis identified four phylogenetic groups of Wolbachia, thereby demonstrating the high diversity of this genus. Wolbachia phylogeny suggests a correlation of geographical range with ecological variation at the species level.

Upregulation of Endosymbiont Densities in Bemisia tabaci by Acquisition of Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus

Jahan, S.M. Hemayet,Lee, Kyeong-Yeoll Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology 2012 慶北大農學誌 Vol.30 No.2

Sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, is a vector of more than 100 plant-diseased viruses, as well as a serious pest of various horticultural plants. This species harbors a primary endosymbiont Portiera along with several secondary endosymbionts such as Cardinium and Hamiltonella. We investigated whether or not TYLCV acquisition alters the densities of endosymbionts in the body of B. tabaci using quantitative real-time PCR. Our results showed that the densities of both Cardinium and Hamiltonella, but not Portiera, increased upon acquisition of TYLCV. In addition, expression of GroEL, a molecular chaperone produced by Hamiltonella, was significantly upregulated in TYLCV-infected whiteflies. Our results suggest that endosymbionts may play an important role in TYLCV transmission mechanism within the body of B. tabaci.

Molecular Variation of Endosymbiotic Bacteria Wolbachia in Bemisia tabaci and Related Whiteflies

Jahan, S.M. Hemayet,Lee, Kyeong-Yeoll 경북대학교 농업생명과학대학 2012 Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences Vol.30 No.2

Whiteflies harbor several secondary endosymbionts, which are maternally inherited from mother to offspring, that have major effects on host preferences, biology, and evolution. Here, we identified Wolbachia bacteria in sweetpotato whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) as well as whitefly popluations from other countries by comparison of 16S rDNA sequences. Wolbachia were detected in all tested indigenous B. tabaci populations (Bangladesh, Myanmar, Nepal, and the Philippines) as well as Q1 biotype of Korea, whereas they were absent from B biotype of Korea and Q biotype of China. Wolbachia were also detected in all five tested Aleurodicus dispersus populations as well as Tetraleurodes acaciae, whereas they were not detected in all seven Trialeurodes vaporariorum populatuions. In addiiton, Wolbachia were detected in parasitic wasp (Encarsia formosa) of B. tabaci as well as honeybee (Apis mellifera). Among the 19 whitefly populations from different countries, our analysis identified four phylogenetic groups of Wolbachia, thereby demonstrating the high diversity of this genus. Wolbachia phylogeny suggests a correlation of geographical range with ecological variation at the species level.

Evaluation of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential of the kernel root of Xylocarpus mekongensis (Lamk.) M. Roem

Jahan, Ismet Ara,Hossain, Md. Hemayet,Nimmi, Ishrat,Islam, Siblara,Kawsar, Md. Hassan,Islam, Md. Amirul 경희한의학연구센터 2012 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.12 No.3

Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of the crude ethanolic extract of the kernel root of Xylocarpus mekongenesis (Lamk.) M. Roem. (Meliaceae) was evaluated in different methods. The extract showed significant antiinflammatory activity in carrageenan-induced oedema test in rats showing 69.42 % reduction in the paw volume (P<0.01) comparable to that produced by the standard drug indomethacin (70.25 %) at 24 h when the extract was fed at the dose of 400 mg/kg body weight. The percentage inhibition of the oedema paw volume was statistically significant (p<0.05) when compared with the indomethacin treated animals at 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 h. The extract exhibited $IC_{50}$ value 4.78 ${\mu}g/ml$ in DPPH free radical scavenging activity test that was found to be very significant and comparable to that of the standard antioxidants ascorbic acid and BHA (1.9372 and 4.81 ${\mu}g/ml$) respectively. In nitric oxide radical scavenging test, the $IC_{50}$ value was also found fairly significant 57.37 ${\mu}g/ml$ when compared to standard ascorbic acid (36.81 ${\mu}g/ml$). In reducing power test, the maximum absorbance of the same extract was observed as 1.923 at 100 ${\mu}g/ml$ and that of ascorbic acid and BHA were 2.8111 and 1.0314 respectively. The extract showed highest antioxidant capacity at 100 ${\mu}g/ml$ concentration expressed as equivalents of ascorbic acid (1.44). The total phenolic content of the extract was also found quite high ($342.15{\pm}0.92$ mg/g of gallic acid equivalent). Therefore, the results of this study suggest the probable anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of the ethanolic extract of X. mekongenesis kernel root and justify its use in traditional medicines.

Effect of Tree Age on the Soda-Anthraquinone Pulping of Nalita Wood : Trema orientalisis

Jahan, M. Sarwar,Mun, Sung-Phil 한국공업화학회 2004 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.10 No.5

The variability in fiber and chemical characteristics of Nalita (Trertra orientalis) wood caused by the tree age has been studied. We observed that the lignin, pentosan, and a-cellulose in Nalita wood increased with respect to the tree age. With increasing tree age from 1 to 3 years, the fiber length increased from 0.70 to 0.93 ㎜ and its wall thickness increased from 1.9 to 2.4 ㎛. The soda-anthraquinone (AQ) pulping of different ages of Nalita wood was also studied by varying the active alkali and cooking time. Upon increasing the active alkali or cooking time, the screened pulp yield increased, while the screened reject and kappa numbers decreased. At a cooking time of 120 min in 17% active alkali, 3-year-old Nalita wood gave about a 49% screened pulp yield with a kappa number of 21. The 3-year-old Nalita pulp showed 7-13% higher strength properties than those of the 1-and 2-year old Nalita woods. For the 3-year-old Nalita pulp, a tear index of 7.8 mN·㎡/g was observed at a tensile index of about 50 N·m/g.

Study of harmful algal blooms in a eutrophic pond, Bangladesh

Jahan, Roksana,Khan, Saleha,Haque, Md. Mahfuzul,Choi, Joong Ki Springer-Verlag 2010 Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Vol. No.