코로나19 이후 한국교회의 정체성

이재근(Jaekeun Lee) 전남대학교 종교문화연구소 2023 종교문화학보 Vol.20 No.1

Since the 1960s, discourse surrounding the so-called “secularization thesis” has been intense in Western theological and historical circles, and in the societies of religious sociology. Secularization can be loosely defined as a phenomenon in which individuals and societies, once dominated by religious beliefs, values, and world-views, lose their religiosity and align their lives and minds with non-religious values. The secularization debate, led by theologians and sociologists, has been ongoing since the 1960s, producing variants such as neo-secularization and de-secularization theories, and continues to this day. In terms of the secularization debate, South Korea has been characterized as a neutral zone between religiosity and irreligiosity, and a borderland between de-secularization and secularization. South Korea stands in a liminal zone between Western Europe, a secularist country that seems to have virtually lost its religiosity, and many religious countries in the non-Western world where religious revivals are still going strong. Among the theological and sociological analyses and discussions of today's American society, which has been referred to as Post-Modern, Late-Modern, Post-Christian, Post-Christendom, Post-Covid-19, and Unaffiliated Christian, James Davidson Hunter's alternative model of “faithful presence” is not only relevant to American society but also to the Korean context. Hunter argues that Christians living in a post-Christian, post-modern, and post-Christian world dominated by pluralism and secularism need to demonstrate faithful presence. Gerald Sittser calls this way of life the “third way” of the early Christians. It's not the first way, which is to conform to secular values, nor is it the second way, which is to abandon the world, declare disconnection, and become isolated. The secularization of South Korean society intensified during the COVID-19 pandemic, as shown by a 2021 Gallup survey. The proportion of religious people, including Christianity, has decreased significantly, especially among the younger generation. Drawing a veil of separation and disconnection and hiding in the mountains and wildernesses, or, on the contrary, becoming one with the wave of secularization, are not Christian answers. The Christian identity is to live and exist faithfully as exiles and sojourners, living in this world but not of it. It is the call of the Korean church to be a hospitable community that heals the world's wounds and shares all good things together. 1960년대부터 서양 신학 및 역사학계, 그리고 종교사학회를 중심으로 소위 ‘세속화 논제’(secularization thesis)를 둘러싼 담론이 치열하게 전개되었다. 세속화는 종교적 신앙과 가치, 세계관에 지배받던 기존 개인과 사회가 시간이 지나면서 점점 더 비종교적이거나 세속적인 가치를 수용하면서, 종교성을 상실하고 삶과 정신을 비종교적이고 탈종교적인 가치에 맞추는 현상으로 대략 정의할 수 있다. 신학자들과 사회학자들을 중심으로 1960년대부터 진행된 세속화 논쟁은 신세속화론, 탈세속화론 등의 변형 이론들을 양산하며 오늘날까지 이어지고 있다. 세속화 논쟁의 관점에서, 한국은 종교성과 비종교성의 중립지대, 탈세속화와 세속화의 경계지대에서 양자를 아우르는 특징을 지녔다. 한국은 종교성이 사실상 상실된 것으로 보이는 세속주의 국가들인 서유럽과 종교 부흥이 여전히 뜨겁게 진행 중인 비서양의 여러 종교적 국가들 사이에서 경계 지대에 서 있다. 포스트모던(Post-Modern), 후기 근대(Late-Modern), 탈기독교(Post-Christian), 탈크리스텐덤(Post-Christendom), 코로나19 이후(Post-Covid-19), ‘가나안’ 신자(Unaffiliated Christian) 등으로 지칭되는 오늘날의 미국 사회에 대한 신학계와 종교사회학계의 분석과 논의 중, 제임스 데이빗슨 헌터(James Davidson Hunter)가 제시한 대안, 즉 ‘신실한 현존’(faithful presence) 모델이 미국 사회뿐만 아니라 한국 상황에도 적실한 대안이다. 헌터는 다원주의와 세속주의가 지배하는 탈기독교세계, 후기 현대, 기독교 이후 시대를 살아가는 기독교인은 ‘신실한 현존’을 보여주어야 한다고 주장한다. 제럴드 싯처(Gerald Sittser)는 같은 방식의 삶을 초대 기독교인의 ‘제3의 길’이라 부른다. 세속의 가치에 완전히 함몰되어 순응하는 제1의 길도 아니고, 세상을 완전히 버리고 단절을 선언하며 고립되는 제2의 길도 아니다. 2021년 갤럽조사에서 보듯, 코로나19가 창궐하던 어간에 한국 사회의 세속화도 강화되었다. 기독교를 포함한 종교인의 비율이 현격히 줄어들었다. 특히 젊은 세대의 이탈이 가속화되고 있다. 분리와 단절의 장막을 치고 산과 들로 숨어드는 것도, 반대로, 세속화의 물결에 몸을 완전히 맡기고 한 몸이 되는 것도 기독교적인 답은 아니다. 이 세상에 발을 딛고 살지만 이 땅에 속하지는 않은 유배자이자 거류민으로 신실하게 살고 존재하는 것이 기독교인의 정체성이다. 세상의 상처 입은 자들을 치유하며 모든 좋은 것을 함께 공유하는 환대공동체가 되는 것이 한국교회에 주어진 소명이다.

2022 개정 영어과 교육과정 시안에 따른 초등영어교육 방향 모색

이재근(Jaekeun Lee) 한국교원대학교 초등교육연구소 2022 초등교과교육연구 Vol.37 No.-

The objective of this paper is to find a new way of elementary English education which will be confirmed as 2022 revised English curriculum in the second half of 2022. It’s already been announced that 2022 revised curriculum was introduced in 2021 and the outline was the more extended key competence-based curriculum like 2015 revised curriculum. As a member of OECD in 1997, OECD Education 2030 project has closely been connected with our 2015 and 2022 curriculum emphasized the elementary and secondary education centered on developing students’ key competence. According to OECD project has made every nations to find a solution such global agenda as climate change, abnormal temperature, the eradication of poverty, covid-19 prevention, etc. How do we approach its educational elements about knowledge, skills, value and attitude in the future society? And how to realize in educational system for next generation. The project suggested the concepts of student agency and co-agency which emphasized to be activated in each educational system. The direction of our future education by 2022 revised English curriculum will be focused on the cooperative development and growth between student agency and co-agency considering self-directed learning, culture understanding and sharing, digital literacy.

초등영어 비대면 자기주도 학습-평가 접근

이재근(Lee, Jaekeun) 한국교원대학교 초등교육연구소 2021 초등교과교육연구 Vol.34 No.-

This paper addresses one of the critical issues of how to improve self-directed learning and self-assessment in Non-face-to-face elementary English education under covid-19 pandemic. Several teachers’ viewpoints were suggested and discussed a model of self-evaluation related to Non-face-to-face self-directed learning. As pointed by 이재근(2020a), schools have been managed with various knids of classes of Non-face-to-face way or not, such as a form of video conferencing or distance learning based on online educational systems. As a result, the problem was revealed that students did’t get such their learning advantages as they achieved in an usual and normal learning classroom because they didn’t get closely instructed or managed by professional teachers in school. Half instruction, half learning. Without their teacher’s care, they did’t get not so much effective learning results. Consequently, they need a learning caretaker for their learning stages of checking out their performances in before class-during class-after class.

EFL 대학생 학습자들의 영어능력과 탈동기요인들의 관계-경로분석

이재근 ( Jaekeun Lee ),김현정 ( Hyunjung Kim ),배은실 ( Eunsil Bae ) 21세기영어영문학회 2016 영어영문학21 Vol.29 No.3

This study explored demotivating factors and their causal relationships in relation to Korean EFL learners. With 208 college students participating in the research, this study performed Exploratory Factor Analysis(EFA) to extract demotivating factors. Moreover, this study is to look into the causal relationships among the different factors. According to the results, first, the demotivating factors were defined by five different factors: learners, instructors, learning environment, negative attitude toward the L2 and L2 culture, and parents. Second, the results of the path analysis showed a path of causal relationship amongst the five factors. The parents factor showed the critical value (.49), influencing negative attitude toward L2 learning. Statistically significant influences are defined by the following factors: from instructors to negative attitude toward L2 (.27), from environment to learner factor (.43), from negative attitude toward L2 learning to learner (.38), from the learner to English language proficiency (.57), and from negative attitude toward English language proficiency (-.39). Specifically, this study found that parents factor is one of the crucially demotivating factors affecting EFL learners. Parents could make effective learning experiences for the targeted learners if they put their efforts into L2 learning not as a learning supervisor but as a learning facilitator. Pedagogical implications are presented in detail.

가변 샘플링 주파수를 활용한 단상 PFC의 전류 THD 최소화 PWM 기법

이재근(Jaekeun Lee),황인휘(Inhwi Hwang),최성휘(Shenghui Cui) 전력전자학회 2023 전력전자학술대회 논문집 Vol.2023 No.7

2022 개정 초등영어 교육과정 Presenting 연구

이재근(Jaekeun Lee) 한국교원대학교 초등교육연구소 2023 초등교과교육연구 Vol.39 No.-

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the new terminology of ‘presenting’ in the English subject matter and to comprehend a way of how to applied such a skill of presenting in the digital textbooks. The 2022 revised Elementary English curriculum required primary students to get their digital literacy through the skills of ‘viewing’ and ‘presenting.’ Students will learn such a skillful technology as both skills mananging various kinds of learning items displayed in the digital textbooks. Several characteristics which were found out from one of the sample digital textbooks developed by KERIS are as follows: first, each lesson has a lot of contents as a form of video clips for viewing and presenting activities. Second, each lesson has such items as form of sound and visual mode and students can activate whenever they want to learn. Third, each lesson has contents suitable for a standard of student learning. Fourth, each lesson has new or inexperienced technological terms for students to learn for viewing or presenting activities. Finally, each lesson has an educational software program for students to improve their digital literacy. In short, the term of presenting seems to be an integrated skill of digital literacy to view English contents and speak and write what they want to express their creative as well as critical thinking in English. In other words, the presenting in elementary English subject matter seems to be an integrated learning skill to express what students think creatively in digital tools by using computer technology. Students need to have enough time and chance to experience digital technics in before class.

초등학교 영어교과 원격, 등교, 혼합수업

이재근(Lee, Jaekeun) 한국교원대학교 초등교육연구소 2021 초등교과교육연구 Vol.35 No.-

This paper investigates what was going on the wonkyuk class, deungkyo class, and honhab class of English subject matter in Elementary school. Since covid 19 pandemic in 2020, there has been in urgent situations of changing deungkyo class into wonkyuk class or vice versa according to a local policy of corona 19 control level up and down. In this research, three types of classes: wonkyuk(non face-to-face), deungkyo(face-to-face), and honhab(blended) class of Engish subject matter in elementary English education under covid-19 pandemic. Several teachers’ viewpoints were suggested as a result of wonkyuk class. The teacher who attempted his/her own honhab class with DESIGN(Design-Essential-See-Interact-Generate-Navigate) model talked about its effectiveness of dealing with such an unstable and changeable situation. Various kinds of classes of wonkyuk(non-face-to-face) way or other ways will be attempted at schools. Above all, students will need to achieve each standard required by English curriculum and what they did’t get not so much effective learning results with their teacher’s care and feedback. Additionally, schools need to various kinds of spaces for the students who try to learn for his/herself or study more to achieve their own standard even in after class.

“역사적 배경과 경험의 유사성”

이재근(Jaekeun Lee) 연세대학교 신과대학(연합신학대학원) 2016 신학논단 Vol.83 No.-

2015 개정 초등영어 교육과정 언어기능별 핵심내용과 성취기준

이재근 ( Jaekeun Lee ) 한국교원대학교 초등교육연구소 2015 초등교과교육연구 Vol.22 No.-

This study is to analyze 2015 revised Elementary English Curriculum for more understanding the standards and minimal essentials of language function based on the conception of the key competence. The key competence based English curriculum requests students to have several abilities for tasks to achieve successively in the classroom. The 7th national curriculum has been changed as a form of renewal and there were three times(2007 & 2008, 2011) and 2015 brand new one will be administered in 2018. especially in elementary English curriculum. 2015 revised Elementary English curriculum minimized 2009 standards and tried to optimize students learning load of duty as a form of several key concepts. Each language function(listening, speaking, reading and writing) was subcategorized. In case of listening area, 5 types of conception were categorized; speaking area(3 types), reading area(6 types), and writing areas(4 types). Each area was classified in detail. In short, the old one was transformed into a new one.

2022 개정 초등영어 교육과정 Viewing 연구

이재근(Jaekeun Lee) 한국교원대학교 초등교육연구소 2024 초등교과교육연구 Vol.40 No.-

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the new terminology of ‘viewing’ which was adopted as a completely new educational concept in the English subject matter. Since the digital textbooks have been introduced until now, the 2022 revised Elementary English curriculum required primary students to get their digital literacy through the skills of ‘viewing’ and ‘presenting.’ Students will learn such a skillful technology as both skills managing various kinds of learning items displayed in the digital textbooks. Several characteristics which were found out from one of the sample digital textbooks developed by KERIS are as follows: first, each lesson has a lot of contents as a form of video clips for viewing activities using various kinds of digital media. Second, each lesson has such items as forms of sound and visual modes and students can activate whenever they want to learn with integrated skills. Students get their English knowledge with watching and listening several clips at digital textbooks as well as at the same time they are reading English film with English subtitles. Third, each lesson has new or inexperienced technological terms for students to learn for viewing activities. Finally, the term of viewing seems to be an integrated with locutionary as well as illocutionary aspects of English. In other words, the viewing in elementary English subject matter seems to be an integrated learning skill to express what students think creatively using various digital media tools by using computer technology. Students need to have enough time and chance to experience digital technics in before class.