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MINERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF RAW GOAT MILK FROM THE REGION OF GOIÂNIA, BRAZIL.
Dias, M.J.,Tanezini, C.A.,D'Alessandro, W.T.,de Oliveria, A.B.C.,Rocha, J. de M.,Pontes, I. dos S.,de Carvalho, A.L.,de Sousa, J.T. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1994 Animal Bioscience Vol.7 No.1
432 samples of raw goat milk were analyzed for sodium, calcium, potassium, chloride, and ashes content. The samples came from 16 pure breed goats, 2 to 4 years of age kept in semi-feedlots. They were basically fed soy bran, cotton bran, triturated Guandu hay and disintegrated corn with its straw and corncob (according to requirements for due preservation and production). The mean values found were: sodium, $45{\pm}10.2mg%$ (24.5-65.6 mg%); potassium, $206{\pm}44.7mg%$ (116.6-295 mg%); calcium, $111{\pm}22mg%$ (66.5-155.4 mg %); ashes, $0.82{\pm}0.06mg%$ (0.68-0.95%); chloride, $235{\pm}39mg%$ (157-313 mg%). Results were related to: a) breed, the Brown and the Saanen revealed superior values for calcium and ashes, b) climate, which in the rain season led to higher contents of sodium, potassium, and calcium when compared to the local dry season, c) time of lactation which increasingly affected the contents of calcium, sodium and ashes, and d) the time between milking, when higher concentration of chloride and ashes were mostly concentrated in the evening and calcium in the morning. These results have important implications in the handling and management of the goat herd.
FREEZING POINT DEPRESSION OF RAW GOAT'S MILK FROM THE REGION OF GOIÂNIA, BRAZIL
de Sousa, J.T.,Dias, M.J.,Tanezini, C.A.,D'Alessandro, W.T.,de Olineira, B.C.,de Melo Rocha, J.,dos Santos Pontes, I. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1993 Animal Bioscience Vol.6 No.4
Studies at freezing point depression (FPD) for goat milk are described in this paper. The 432 samples of raw goat milk collected in a period of two years and analysed by the use of an electronic cryoscope gave a mean value of FPD: $-0.565{\pm}0.01^{\circ}C$. Statistical significant differences were found between the morning and evening milk. The evening milk showed better quality considering the lactose and others dissolved solutes. Among the Brown, Saanen and Anglo-nubian goats, the greatest increase in FPD, occurred in the Anglo-nubian breed. The statistical analysis revealed a significant breed difference (p<0.05), when climate variation was observed. The superior and inferior values found to the FPD of the caprine milk (-0.545 to $-0.585^{\circ}C$), is important in establishing regional rules, to improve the quality control criteria and legal interpretation of standards found in the pertinent legislation. The results are also important to improve herd management so that one can increase the animal production which will affect the technological composition, and the nutritional characteristics of the resultant products.
Magnetic field dependent behavior of the CDW ground state in Per2M(mnt)2 (M = Au, Pt)
J.S. Brooks,D. Graf,E.S. Choi,M. Almeida,J.C. Dias,R.T. Henriques,M. Matos 한국물리학회 2006 Current Applied Physics Vol.6 No.5
The Per2M(mnt)2 class of organic conductors exhibit a charge density wave (CDW) ground state below about 12 K, which maybe suppressed in magnetic elds of order 2030 T. However, for both cases of counter ion M(mnt)2 species studied (M = Au (zerospin) and M = Pt (spin 1/2)), new high eld ground states evolve for further increases in magnetic eld. We report recent investi-gations where thermopower, Hall eect, high pressure and additional transport measurements have been carried out to explore thesenew high eld phases.
Ricardo J.T. Costa,Fernando C.T. Gomes,Paulo M.M.P. Providência,Alfredo M.P.G. Dias 사단법인 한국계산역학회 2013 Computers and Concrete, An International Journal Vol.12 No.4
In the analysis and design of reinforced concrete frames beam-column joints are sometimes assumed as rigid. This simplifying assumption can be unsafe because it is likely to affect the distributions of internal forces and moments, reduce drift and increase the overall load-carrying capacity of the frame. This study is concerned with the relevance of shear deformation of beam-column joints, in particular of exterior ones, on the quasi-static behavior of regular reinforced concrete sway frames. The included parametric studies of a simple sub-frame model reveal that the quasi-static monotonic behavior of unbraced regular reinforced concrete frames is prone to be significantly affected by the deformation of beam-column joints.
Andreae, M. O.,Acevedo, O. C.,Araù,jo, A.,Artaxo, P.,Barbosa, C. G. G.,Barbosa, H. M. J.,Brito, J.,Carbone, S.,Chi, X.,Cintra, B. B. L.,da Silva, N. F.,Dias, N. L.,Dias-Jú,nior, C. Q.,Dita Copernicus GmbH 2015 Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Vol.15 No.18
<P>Abstract. The Amazon Basin plays key roles in the carbon and water cycles, climate change, atmospheric chemistry, and biodiversity. It has already been changed significantly by human activities, and more pervasive change is expected to occur in the coming decades. It is therefore essential to establish long-term measurement sites that provide a baseline record of present-day climatic, biogeochemical, and atmospheric conditions and that will be operated over coming decades to monitor change in the Amazon region, as human perturbations increase in the future. The Amazon Tall Tower Observatory (ATTO) has been set up in a pristine rain forest region in the central Amazon Basin, about 150 km northeast of the city of Manaus. Two 80 m towers have been operated at the site since 2012, and a 325 m tower is nearing completion in mid-2015. An ecological survey including a biodiversity assessment has been conducted in the forest region surrounding the site. Measurements of micrometeorological and atmospheric chemical variables were initiated in 2012, and their range has continued to broaden over the last few years. The meteorological and micrometeorological measurements include temperature and wind profiles, precipitation, water and energy fluxes, turbulence components, soil temperature profiles and soil heat fluxes, radiation fluxes, and visibility. A tree has been instrumented to measure stem profiles of temperature, light intensity, and water content in cryptogamic covers. The trace gas measurements comprise continuous monitoring of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, methane, and ozone at five to eight different heights, complemented by a variety of additional species measured during intensive campaigns (e.g., VOC, NO, NO2, and OH reactivity). Aerosol optical, microphysical, and chemical measurements are being made above the canopy as well as in the canopy space. They include aerosol light scattering and absorption, fluorescence, number and volume size distributions, chemical composition, cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations, and hygroscopicity. In this paper, we discuss the scientific context of the ATTO observatory and present an overview of results from ecological, meteorological, and chemical pilot studies at the ATTO site. </P>
Torumkuney, D.,Chaiwarith, R.,Reechaipichitkul, W.,Malatham, K.,Chareonphaibul, V.,Rodrigues, C.,Chitins, D. S.,Dias, M.,Anandan, S.,Kanakapura, S.,Park, Y. J.,Lee, K.,Lee, H.,Kim, J. Y.,Lee, Y.,Lee, Oxford University Press 2016 The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy Vol.71 No.suppl1
<P>Objectives: To provide susceptibility data for community-acquired respiratory tract isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis collected in 2012-14 from four Asian countries. Methods: MICs were determined using Etest (R) for all antibiotics except erythromycin, which was evaluated by disc diffusion. Susceptibility was assessed using CLSI, EUCAST and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) breakpoints. For macrolide/clindamycin interpretation, breakpoints were adjusted for incubation in CO2 where available. Results: Susceptibility of S. pneumoniae was generally lower in South Korea than in other countries. Penicillin susceptibility assessed using CLSI oral or EUCAST breakpoints ranged from21.2% in South Korea to 63.8% in Singapore. In contrast, susceptibility using CLSI intravenous breakpointswasmuch higher, at 79% in South Korea and similar to 95% or higher elsewhere. Macrolide susceptibilitywas similar to 20% in South Korea and similar to 50%-60% elsewhere. Among S. pyogenes isolates (India only), erythromycin susceptibility (similar to 20%) was lowest of the antibiotics tested. In H. influenzae antibiotic susceptibility was high except for ampicillin, where susceptibility ranged from 16.7% in South Korea to 91.1% in India. South Korea also had a high percentage (18.1%) of beta-lactamase-negative ampicillin-resistant isolates. Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid susceptibility for each pathogen (PK/PD high dose) was between 93% and 100% in all countries except for H. influenzae in South Korea (62.5%). Conclusions: Use of EUCAST versus CLSI breakpoints had profound differences for cefaclor, cefuroxime and ofloxacin, with EUCASTshowing lower susceptibility. Therewas considerable variability in susceptibilityamong countries in the same region. Thus, continued surveillance is necessary to track future changes in antibiotic resistance.</P>