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- 저자 : J. Sakai (검색결과 22 건)
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Progress in development of neutron energy spectrometer for deuterium plasma operation in KSTAR.
Tomita, H,Yamashita, F,Nakayama, Y,Morishima, K,Yamamoto, Y,Sakai, Y,Cheon, M S,Isobe, M,Ogawa, K,Hayashi, S,Kawarabayashi, J,Iguchi, T American Institute of Physics 2014 Review of scientific instruments Vol.85 No.11
<P>Two types of DD neutron energy spectrometer (NES) are under development for deuterium plasma operation in KSTAR to understand behavior of beam ions in the plasma. One is based on the state-of-the-art nuclear emulsion technique. The other is based on a coincidence detection of a recoiled proton and a scattered neutron caused by an elastic scattering of an incident DD neutron, which is called an associated particle coincidence counting-NES. The prototype NES systems were installed at J-port in KSTAR in 2012. During the 2012 and 2013 experimental campaigns, multiple shots-integrated neutron spectra were preliminarily obtained by the nuclear emulsion-based NES system.</P>
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Study on the Realization of Zinc Point
J. V. Widiatmo,M. Sakai,K. Yamazawa,K. Satou,J. Tamba,M. Arai 제어로봇시스템학회 2009 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2009 No.8
Two zinc-point cells were fabricated using high grade zinc samples, impurity elements of one of which were analyzed extensively. Temperature measurements during the solid-liquid coexistence, under which the zinc fixed-point is defined, were conducted, the result of which was used to perform a thermal analysis. Comparisons of zinc-point temperature realized within the newly fabricated cells were also conducted. Zinc-point depression due to impurity elements was calculated based on the chemical element analysis. Evaluation was made on the thermal analysis, the cell comparison results and the chemical element analysis, to lead to an estimation of uncertainty caused by the impurity elements. The present paper outlines the cell fabrication, the temperature measurements and the evaluation of impurity effect to the zinc-point realization.
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Lee, Y.J.,McPherron, A.,Choe, S.,Sakai, Y.,Chandraratna, R.A.,Lee, S.J.,Oh, S.P. Academic Press 2010 Developmental Biology Vol.347 No.1
Mice deficient in growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) signaling display anterior transformation of axial vertebrae and truncation of caudal vertebrae. However, the in vivo molecular mechanisms by which GDF11 signaling regulates the development of the vertebral column have yet to be determined. We found that Gdf11 and Acvr2b mutants are sensitive to exogenous RA treatment on vertebral specification and caudal vertebral development. We show that diminished expression of Cyp26a1, a retinoic acid inactivating enzyme, and concomitant elevation of retinoic acid activity in the caudal region of Gdf11<SUP>-/-</SUP> embryos may account for this phenomenon. Reduced expression or function of Cyp26a1 enhanced anterior transformation of axial vertebrae in wild-type and Acvr2b mutants. Furthermore, a pan retinoic acid receptor antagonist (AGN193109) could lessen the anterior transformation phenotype and rescue the tail truncation phenotype of Gdf11<SUP>-/-</SUP> mice. Taken together, these results suggest that GDF11 signaling regulates development of caudal vertebrae and is involved in specification of axial vertebrae in part by maintaining Cyp26a1 expression, which represses retinoic acid activity in the caudal region of embryos during the somitogenesis stage.
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안정선,C. H. Shin,H. J. Im,H. M. Kim,J. Sakai,J.O. Cha,K. B. Lee,여승준,T.H. Nam 한국물리학회 2007 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.50 No.6
Thin films of a TiNi shape memory alloy (SMA) were fabricated by using pulsed laser deposition (PLD). In order to investigate the effect of an ambient gas on the composition and the growth rate of the TiNi thin films, we performed PLD in vacuum ($5 \times 10^{-6}$ Torr) and in an ambient Ar gas of 200 mTorr. The fabricated films were characterized by using energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDXS), a surface profiler, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) at room temperature. The ambient Ar gas introduced during PLD was found to play an important role in enhancing the growth rate of the film. The enhanced deposition rates were of the order of $10^{-2}$ nm per pulse. The investigation into the composition of the films as a function of the target-substrate distance indicated that PLD in an Ar gas atmosphere made it possible to fabricate TiNi thin films with a stoichiometry close to that of the target; however, under vacuum, optimizing the deposition parameters controlling the composition was very difficult. The in-situ crystallization temperature (ca. 400 ${}^\circ\text{C}$) of the TiNi film prepared in an ambient Ar gas was found to be lower by ca. 200 ${}^\circ\text{C}$ in comparison with that of the TiNi film prepared under vacuum. The composition of the films prepared at various substrate temperatures from room temperature to 600 ${}^\circ\text{C}$ was found to be close to the target is composition, regardless of the substrate temperature.
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Scenario analysis of the Use of Biomass-based Bags for Household Waste Collection
( J. Yano ),( S. Sakai ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회(구 한국폐기물학회) 2017 한국폐기물자원순환학회 심포지움 Vol.2017 No.1
Interest in biomass-based materials is increasing, since they can contribute to reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and fossil fuel consumption. Although polylactide (PLA) was historically one of the most well-known and major materials, biomass-based polyethylene (Bio-PE) use has rapidly expanded. In Japan, introducing Bio-PE is expected to be an effective measure to achieve the target to reduce GHG emissions by 26% by 2030 compared to 2013. Waste collection bags are one candidate that can be replaced with biomass-based materials. In this study, we aimed to estimate the reduction potential of GHG emissions using a life cycle analysis. Kyoto, Japan, was selected as a case study. The functional unit was the supply of plastic bags to collect 223,717 tons of household waste generated in the city of Kyoto in 2014. Bio-PE made from sugarcane ethanol and PLA made from com were considered as the biomass-based materials. We assumed that PLA was blended with polybutylene succinate-co-butylene adipate (PBSA) derived from fossil fuels to a final proportion of 70% to reinforce the flexibility. The system boundary extended from cultivation, production of plastic pellets, to final disposal, and excluded consumer use of the plastic items. We assumed that Bio-PE and PLA were produced in Brazil and the United States, respectively, and imported. We considered six scenarios based on three waste collection systems: one scenario for mixed waste collection, i.e.,no source-separated collection (S1F, baseline scenario); two scenarios in which plastic containers and packaging (C&P) were source-separated (S2F and S2B); and three scenarios in which food waste was additionally source-separated (S3F,S3B, and S3B+P). In S3B+P, PLA was used to collect source-separated food waste while bio-PE was used to collect source-separated plastic C&P and the remaining waste. The amount of bags consumed in each scenario to meet the functional unit was calculated using household waste composition and the density of the waste fraction as the filling rate per bag. In the results, if Bio-PE were introduced like as S2B,GHG emissions could be reduced by 92.5% compared to S1F. Similarly, S3B could reduce GHG emissions by 92.2%. This implied that the effect of introducing source-separated collection of food waste was relatively small, as the amount of bags consumed did not differ substantially. GHG emissions in S3B+P, which used both Bio-PE and PLA as biomass-based materials, were estimated to be reduced by 90.7% compared with S1F. Although the Bio-PE bags in S3B had to be removed during AD pretreatment, and resulted in lower quality AD residue, the PLA bags in S3B+P could be recycled with AD with food waste. Therefore S3B+P would offer additional benefits besides GHG reductions.
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High Pressure Synthesis of Mg0.90Al0.08Ni0.94V0.08H1.6
Sakai, T .,Chen, J .,Kitamura, N .,Takeshita, H . T .,Kuriyama, N . 대한금속재료학회(대한금속학회) 2000 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.6 No.6
The effect of high-pressure (6 gigapascal) and heating (600℃) the hydrogen source of LiAlH₄ on the structural and hydrogenation properties of 0.9MgH₂+0.1Al+0.9Ni+0.1VH_(0.9) was investigated. After recovery to ambient conditions, the sample was analyzed using X-ray diffractioin, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetry and differential thermal analyses. The results reveal that a nominal hydride phase with the composition of Mg_(0.90)Al_(0.08)Ni_(0.94)V_(0.08)H_(1.6) can be obtained, in which a maximum H₂-uptake can reach 1.9 wt.%, with hydride decomposition occurring between 160℃ and 250℃.
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( J. Yano ),( S. Sakai ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회(구 한국폐기물학회) 2019 한국폐기물자원순환학회 심포지움 Vol.2019 No.1
Food waste is significant in Japan. For example, 17.4 million tons, including 11 million tons from households, was generated in 2010 alone (MAFF, MOE 2013). Of this, 10 million tons of food waste from households is currently incinerated. To develop cleaner production cycles, waste-to-energy should be considered. On-site small-scale anaerobic digestion (AD) facility can be applied for small municipalities where they have demand of not only electricity but also heating. This study evaluates the environmental impacts of on-site AD of food waste in small-scale municipality using a life cycle assessment (LCA). Small municipality with 27,000 of population was selected as case study. The functional unit is the “treatment of 4 ton/day household food waste generated in the municipality.” The system boundary is considered to include the collection to the treatment of food waste. Totally 8 scenarios consist of 6 sub-scenarios considering treatment methods of AD residue and wastewater were developed. For AD residue treatment, treatment in the excreta treatment facility within the municipality, composting outside the municipality, and incineration outside the municipality, were considered. Incineration and composting were also included as reference treatment methods. For small AD, biogas is used as a source of electricity and heat through a combined heat and power (CHP) system. Global warming, fossil fuel consumption, urban air pollution, and acidification were considered as environmental impacts. After the characterization of each impact category, a damage assessment for the four different dimensions including human health, social assets, biodiversity, and primary production, was considered. Then, the results of these individual dimensions were integrated by conversion into a single index with units of value in Japanese yen (JPY). The calculation utilized characterization, damage, and integration factors are identified by the LIME2 model (JLCA 2012). Concerning global warming, CO<sub>2</sub> emissions derived from biomass are considered to be carbon-neutral and thus have been excluded from the calculation. The results of the integration in Fig. 1 revealed that the small-scale AD system (Scenarios 3 and 4) showed environmental benefit (negative values). Regarding the comparison with the treatment methods of AD residue and wastewater, S4-3 (composting of AD residue) was the most desirable while S4-4 (incineration of AD residue) was the worst. Among the environmental impacts, global warming tended to be the dominant in scenarios 4-1 to 4-4.
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