http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Wu, M.J.,Shin, D.H.,Kim, M.Y.,Park, C.G.,Kim, Y.D.,Lee, J.,Park, I.K.,Choi, S.,So, I.,Park, J.S.,Jun, J.Y. North-Holland ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2015 european journal of pharmacology Vol.754 No.-
<P>We investigated the presence of beta(3)-adrenoceptor and its functional effects on pacemaker potentials in colonic interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) from mice. The whole cell patch clamp technique was used to record pacemaker potentials in cultured ICCs and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed to detect the mRNA transcript levels beta-adrenoceptors. The beta(3)-adrenoceptor agonist, BRL37344, reduced the frequency of pacemaker potentials in a Concentration dependent manner. The inhibitory effects of BRL37344 wore blocked by the pretreatment of propranolol, a nonspecific beta-adrenoceptor antagonist, but not by the selective beta(1)-adrenoceptor antagonist atenolol and the selective beta(2)-adrenoceptor antagonist butoxamine. beta(3)-adrenocepto antagonists SR59230A and L748337 blocked the inhibitory effects of BRL37344. RT-PCR revealed mRNA transcripts of beta(1)- and beta(3)-adrenoceptor, but not beta(2)-adrenoceptor, in c-kit- and Ano-1-positive colonic ICCs. The K+ channel blockers tetraethylammoniu, apamin, and glibenclamide did not block the effects of BRL37344. N-omega-Nitio-L-arginiue methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME), an NO synthase inhibitor, and chelerythrine, a protein Kinase C inhibitor, also did not block the effects of BRL37344. Noradrenaline mimicked the effects of BRL37344 in colonic ICCs. However, the inhibitory effects of noradrenaline on pacemaker potentials were blocked only by pretreatment with atenolol but not by butoxamine, SR59230A, or L748337 in small intestinal ICCs, BRL37344 had no effect On pacemaker potentials and mRNA transcripts of beta(1)-and beta(2)-adrenoceptor, but not beta(3)-adrenoceptor were detected. These results suggest that beta(3)-adrenoceptors are present in colonic ICCs and may play a role in regulating gastrointestinal motility by the inhibition or pacemaker potentials. (C) 2015 Elsevier By. All rights reserved.</P>
Scalable CGeSbTe-based phase change memory devices employing U-shaped cells
Park, J.H.,Kim, J.H.,Ko, D.-H.,Wu, Z.,Ahn, D.H.,Park, S.O.,Hwang, K.H. Elsevier S.A. 2017 Thin Solid Films Vol.634 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Phase change memory (PCM) that is operated on resistance changes caused by joule heating has been suggested as the next-generation memory for scaling since its programming current scales linearly. We propose a U-shaped cell design to further reduce the reset current in PCM devices, which enables easier and more efficient scaling than conventional PCMs. Simulation studies of heat transfer demonstrated that our U-shaped design with a dashed heater has a higher thermal efficiency of 4.97K/μA compared to 3.36K/μA in a lance cell with a ring heater for the same storage node. The reset current can be better scaled proportionate to k<SUP>2.0</SUP> in which the exponent is higher than the lance cell of k<SUP>1.5</SUP> in non-isotropic scaling. This better scalability is attributed to the small programming volume of the U-shaped cell, which was verified by transmission electron microscopy analysis. Furthermore, the cyclic endurance of the U-shaped cell was enhanced by 1 order of magnitude compared to a lance cell and the thinner CGeSbTe films reduced the reset current further. Our results show that a U-shaped cell is a highly promising design to scale reset current in next-generation PCM devices.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> U-shaped cell is a promising cell design to scale phase change memory. </LI> <LI> U-shaped cell with dashed heater is more thermally efficient than lance cell with ring heater. </LI> <LI> Thinner CGeSbTe layer can reduce the reset current further. </LI> </UL> </P>
Watanabe, H.,Zhang, G.X.,Yoshida, K.,Walker, P.M.,Liu, J.J.,Wu, J.,Regan, P.H.,Soderstrom, P.A.,Kanaoka, H.,Korkulu, Z.,Lee, P.S.,Nishimura, S.,Yagi, A.,Ahn, D.S.,Alharbi, T.,Baba, H.,Browne, F.,Bruce North-Holland Pub. Co 2016 Physics letters. Section B Vol.760 No.-
The level structure of <SUP>172</SUP>Dy has been investigated for the first time by means of decay spectroscopy following in-flight fission of a <SUP>238</SUP>U beam. A long-lived isomeric state with T<SUB>½</SUB>=0.71(5) s and K<SUP>π</SUP>=8<SUP>-</SUP> has been identified at 1278 keV, which decays to the ground-state and γ-vibrational bands through hindered electromagnetic transitions, as well as to the daughter nucleus <SUP>172</SUP>Ho via allowed β decays. The robust nature of the K<SUP>π</SUP>=8<SUP>-</SUP> isomer and the ground-state rotational band reveals an axially-symmetric structure for this nucleus. Meanwhile, the γ-vibrational levels have been identified at unusually low excitation energy compared to the neighboring well-deformed nuclei, indicating the significance of the microscopic effect on the non-axial collectivity in this doubly mid-shell region. The underlying mechanism of enhanced γ vibration is discussed in comparison with the deformed Quasiparticle Random-Phase Approximation based on a Skyrme energy-density functional.
The multiple merger assembly of a hyperluminous obscured quasar at redshift 4.6
Dí,az-Santos, T.,Assef, R. J.,Blain, A. W.,Aravena, M.,Stern, D.,Tsai, C.-W.,Eisenhardt, P.,Wu, J.,Jun, H. D.,Dibert, K.,Inami, H.,Lansbury, G.,Leclercq, F. American Association for the Advancement of Scienc 2018 Science Vol.362 No.6418
<P><B>Mergers drive a powerful dusty quasar</B></P><P>Massive galaxies in the early Universe host supermassive black holes at their centers. When material falls toward the black hole, it releases energy and is observed as a quasar. Astronomers found a population of powerful distant quasars that are obscured by dust, but it has been unclear how they are formed. Díaz-Santos <I>et al.</I> observed the dust-obscured quasar WISE J224607.56-052634.9 at submillimeter wavelengths, finding three small companion galaxies connected to the quasar by bridges of gas and dust. They inferred that galaxy mergers can provide both the raw material to power a quasar and large quantities of dust to obscure it.</P><P><I>Science</I>, this issue p. 1034</P><P>Galaxy mergers and gas accretion from the cosmic web drove the growth of galaxies and their central black holes at early epochs. We report spectroscopic imaging of a multiple merger event in the most luminous known galaxy, WISE J224607.56−052634.9 (W2246−0526), a dust-obscured quasar at redshift 4.6, 1.3 billion years after the Big Bang. Far-infrared dust continuum observations show three galaxy companions around W2246−0526 with disturbed morphologies, connected by streams of dust likely produced by the dynamical interaction. The detection of tidal dusty bridges shows that W2246−0526 is accreting its neighbors, suggesting that merger activity may be a dominant mechanism through which the most luminous galaxies simultaneously obscure and feed their central supermassive black holes.</P>
DISCOVERY OF X-RAY PULSATION FROM THE GEMINGA-LIKE PULSAR PSR J2021+4026
Lin, L. C. C.,Hui, C. Y.,Hu, C. P.,Wu, J. H. K.,Huang, R. H. H.,Trepl, L.,Takata, J.,Seo, K. A.,Wang, Y.,Chou, Y.,Cheng, K. S. IOP Publishing 2013 ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS - Vol.770 No.1
<P>We report the discovery of an X-ray periodicity of similar to 265.3 ms from a deep XMM-Newton observation of the radio-quiet gamma-ray pulsar, PSR J2021+4026, located at the edge of the supernova remnant G78.2+2.1 (gamma-Cygni). The detected frequency is consistent with the gamma-ray pulsation determined by the observation of the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope at the same epoch. The X-ray pulse profile resembles the modulation of a hot spot on the surface of the neutron star. The phase-averaged spectral analysis also suggests that the majority of the observed X-rays have thermal origins. This is the third member in the class of radio-quiet pulsars with significant pulsations detected from both X-ray and gamma-ray regimes.</P>
EXPLORING THE X-RAY AND gamma-RAY PROPERTIES OF THE REDBACK MILLISECOND PULSAR PSR J1723-2837
Hui, C. Y.,Tam, P. H. T.,Takata, J.,Kong, A. K. H.,Cheng, K. S.,Wu, J. H. K.,Lin, L. C. C.,Wu, E. M. H. University of Chicago Press for the American Astro 2014 ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS - Vol.781 No.1
We have investigated the X-ray and gamma-ray properties of the redback millisecond pulsar PSR J1723-2837 with XMM-Newton, Chandra, and Fermi. We have discovered the X-ray orbital modulation of this binary system with a minimum that coincides with the phases of radio eclipse. The X-ray emission is clearly non-thermal in nature, which can be described well by a simple power law with a photon index of similar to 1.2. The phase-averaged luminosity is similar to 9 x 10(31) erg s(-1) in 0.3-10 keV, which consumes similar to 0.2% of the spin-down power. We have detected the gamma-ray emission in 0.1-300 GeV from this system at a significance of similar to 6 sigma for the first time. The gamma-rays in this energy range consume similar to 2% of the spin-down power and can be modeled by a power law with a photon index of similar to 2.6. We discuss the high energy properties of the new redback in the context of an intrabinary shock model.
Computer-aided diagnosis using morphological features for classifying breast lesions on ultrasound
Huang, Y.-L.,Chen, D.-R.,Jiang, Y.-R.,Kuo, S.-J.,Wu, H.-K.,Moon, W. K. John Wiley Sons, Ltd. 2008 Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology Vol.32 No.4
<B>Objectives</B><P>To develop and evaluate a computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system with automatic contouring and morphological analysis to aid in the classification of breast tumors using ultrasound.</P><B>Methods</B><P>We evaluated 118 breast lesions (34 malignant and 84 benign tumors). Each tumor contour was automatically extracted from the digitized ultrasound image. Nineteen practical morphological features from the extracted contour were calculated and principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to find independent features. A support vector machine (SVM) classifier utilized the selected principal vectors to identify the breast tumor as benign or malignant. In this study, all the cases were sampled with k-fold cross-validation (k = 10) to evaluate the performance by receiver–operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis.</P><B>Results</B><P>The areas under the ROC curves for the proposed CAD systems using all morphological features and the lower-dimensional principal vector were 0.91 and 0.90, respectively. The classification ability for breast tumors using morphological information was good.</P><B>Conclusions</B><P>This system differentiates benign from malignant breast tumors well and therefore provides a clinically useful second opinion. Moreover, the morphological features are nearly setting-independent and thus available to various ultrasound machines. Copyright © 2008 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</P>