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T.Y. Cho,J.H. Yoon,K.S. Kim,W. Fang,Y.K. Joo,K.O. Song,S.J. Youn,S.Y. Hwang,H.G. Chun 한국표면공학회 2007 한국표면공학회지 Vol.40 No.4
High Velocity Oxygen Fuel (HVOF) thermal spray coating of nano size WC-Co powder (nWC-Co) has been studied as one of the most promising candidate for the possible replacement of the traditional hard plating in some area which causes environmental and health problems. nWC-Co powder was coated on Inconel 718 substrates by HVOF technique. The optimal coating process obtained from the best surface properties such as hardness and porosity is the process of oxygen flow rate (FR) 38 FMR, hydrogen FR 57 FMR and feed rate 35 g/min at spray distance 6 inch for both surface temperature 25℃ and 500℃. In coating process a small portion of hard WC decomposes to less hard W₂C, Wand C at the temperature higher than its decomposition temperature 1,250°C resulting in hardness decrease and porosity increase. Friction coefficient increases with increasing coating surface temperature from 0.55-0.64 at 25℃ to 0.65-0.76 at 500℃ due to the increase of adhesion between coating and counter sliding surface. Hardness of nWC-Co is higher or comparable to those of other hard coatings, such as A1₂O₃, Cr, Cr₂O₃ and HVOF Tribaloy 400 (T400). This shows that nWC-Co is recommendable for durability improvement coating on machine components such as high speed spindle.
Jeon, H.J.,Fang, T.,Lee, J.-G.,Jang, J.Y.,Kim, K.,Choi, S.,Yan, J.-J.,Ryu, J.H.,Koo, T.Y.,Ahn, C.,Yang, J. Elsevier 2018 Transplantation proceedings Vol.50 No.4
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Introduction</B></P> <P>B cell subtypes and immunoglobulin variable (V), diversity (D), joining (J) gene segment usage of B cell receptors in ABO-incompatible (ABOi) kidney transplantation (KT) in comparison to ABO-compatible KT have not been studied. The aims of this study were to analyze the VDJ gene segment usages of B cell receptors in peripheral blood of ABOi KT recipients.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>Eighteen ABOi KT patients with accommodation (ABOiA), 10 ABO-compatible stable KT patients (ABOcS), and 10 ABOi KT patients with biopsy-proven acute antibody-mediated rejection (ABOiR) at day 10 after transplantation were selected. Complete transcriptomes of their peripheral blood samples were sequenced and analyzed through RNA sequencing.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>By family, immunoglobulin heavy chain variable 3 (IGHV3), immunoglobulin light kappa chain variable 1 (IGKV1), immunoglobulin light lambda chain variable 2 (IGLV2), and immunoglobulin light lambda chain joining 3 (IGLJ3) gene segments were most frequently used in all groups, and their usage was not statistically different among the three groups except for IGHV3 and IGKV1. IGKV1 was more frequently used in the ABOiA group than in the ABOcS group. According to individual gene segments, IGHV3-7, IGHV3-15, IGHV4-59, IGKV3-11, IGLV1-44, IGLV2-14, IGLV4-69, and IGLV7-46 were more frequently used in the ABOcS group than other groups, and IGKV3-7 was more frequently used in the ABOiR group than other groups. IGLV5-52 and IGLV7-43 were more frequently used in the ABOiA group than in ABOcS group.</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>Our findings suggest that RNA sequencing transcriptomic analyses of peripheral blood can provide information on the VDJ gene usage of B cell receptors and the mechanisms of accommodation and immune reaction in ABOi KT.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Variable (V), diversity (D), and joining (J) gene usage of B cell receptors in kidney transplantation was analyzed by RNA sequencing. </LI> <LI> Several VDJ gene usages were different between ABO incompatible and compatible kidney transplants. </LI> <LI> VDJ gene usage was affected by accommodation or antibody-mediated rejection status. </LI> </UL> </P>
China Spallation Neutron Source: Accelerator Design Iterations and R&D Status
J. Wei,C.-D. Deng,C.-H. Wang,C.-T. Shi,H. Sun,H.-F. Ouyang,H.-M. Qu,H.-Y. Dong,J. Li,J. Zhang,J.-S. Cao,J.-Y. Tang,L. Dong,L.-L. Wang,Q. Qin,Q.-B. Wang,S. Wang,S.-N. Fu,S.-X Fang,T. -G. Xu,W. Kang,Y.- 한국물리학회 2007 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.50 No.I
The China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) is a high-power, accelerator-based project currently under preparation. The accelerator complex consists of an H$^-$ ion source, an H$^-$ linac, a rapid-cycling proton synchrotron, and the transport lines. During the past year, the design of most accelerator systems went through major iterations, and initial research and developments was started on the prototyping of several key components.
Fang, R.J.,Li, T.J.,Yin, F.G.,Yin, Y.L.,Kong, X.F.,Wang, K.N.,Yuan, Z.,Wu, G.Y.,He, J.H.,Deng, Z.Y.,Fan, M.Z. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2007 Animal Bioscience Vol.20 No.7
Two experiments were conducted to determine the additivity of apparent or true digestibility of phosphorus (P) in soybean meal (SBM), peas, faba beans, corn, oats, broken rice meal, rough rice meal, buckwheat, and sorghum for growing pigs. Chromic oxide (0.3%) was used as a digestion marker in both experiments. Each experiment lasted for 12 d, which consisted of a 7-d dietary adaptation period followed by a 5-d fecal collection period. Experiment 1 involved 6 diets: the SBM-based control diet; 4 diets with corn, oats, rough rice meal and broken rice meal substituted for SBM; and an additional diet with a representative mixture of the 5 ingredients. In Experiment 2, 6 diets were prepared similarly, except that the tested ingredients besides SBM were faba beans, peas, buckwheat, and sorghum. In each experiment, six barrows with an initial average individual BW of 20.5 kg were fed one of the six diets according to a $6{\times}6$ Latin square design. The apparent and true P digestibility values for the nine tested ingredients were determined by the substitution method. There were no differences (p>0.05) between the determined and the predicted true P digestibility values for the mixture of ingredients in Experiments 1 and 2. However, the determined and the predicted apparent P digestibility values for the mixture of ingredients differed (p = 0.059) in Experiment 1, but not in Experiment 2. These results indicate that true P digestibility values are additive in ingredients containing low levels of phytate phosphorus and anti-nutritional factors, whereas the apparent P digestibility values are not always additive in single feed ingredients for growing pigs.
Processing optimization, surface properties and wear behavior of HVOF spraying WC–CrC–Ni coating
Fang, W.,Cho, T.Y.,Yoon, J.H.,Song, K.O.,Hur, S.K.,Youn, S.J.,Chun, H.G. Elsevier 2009 Journal of materials processing technology Vol.209 No.7
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>In this work, the optimal coating process (OCP) designed by Taguchi program for high velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) thermal spraying WC–CrC–Ni powder on Inconel 718 substrate (IN 718) is obtained by optimizing hardness (38 FMR oxygen flow rate, 53 FMR hydrogen flow rate, 25g/min powder feed rate and 7in. spray distance). Oxygen flow rate affects hardness mostly. The surface properties such as microstructure, crystalline phase, hardness, and porosity of WC–CrC–Ni coating have been investigated. The phase of coating has been changed during the OCP spraying because a portion of carbides, such as WC, Cr<SUB>7</SUB>C<SUB>3</SUB>, Ni<SUB>3</SUB>C decomposes to W<SUB>2</SUB>C, Cr, Ni and free carbon. Hardness (1150±50Hv) and porosity (1.2±0.2%) of the OCP coating have been improved by optimization. The friction and wear behaviors of the WC–CrC–Ni coating, electrolytic hard chrome (EHC) plating and IN 718 have been studied comparatively. The lubrication due to free carbon and metal oxide debris results in a decrease of friction coefficients of the WC–CrC–Ni, compared to EHC and IN 718 at both 25 and 450°C. It is concluded that HVOF WC–CrC–Ni coating performs more excellent anti-wear than others at both temperatures.</P>
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Nanostructured Bainite Weld with Regeneration
K. Fang,J. G. Yang,K. J. Song,X. S. Liu,Z. B. Dong,H. Y. Fang 대한금속·재료학회 2014 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.20 No.5
Because of the brittle martensite crystalline structure, nanostructured bainitic steel is very difficult to bewelded and easily form cracks in the welded joint, which limits the scope of their application. Regenerationtreatment can lead to nanostructured bainite formation in the welded joints, preventing further degradationof the welded joint. Detailed changes of microstructures and mechanical properties of the weld arecharacterized here. Coarse inter–dendrite structures appear in the weld due to welding segregation, and areconfirmed to be retained austenite by TEM. Moreover, an extraordinary combination of strength and ductilityof the weld is achieved. The ultimate tensile strengths are 1913MPa and 2115MPa when regenerationtemperatures are 250 °C and 230 °C. The corresponding elongations are 5.14% and 2.3%. In addition,the tension fracture behaviour and crack propagation mode of the weld are investigated.
J.C.Wheals,A.Turner,K.Ramsay,A.O Neill,J.Bennet,H. Fang,G.Davis 한국자동차공학회 2006 한국자동차공학회 춘 추계 학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-
The paper addresses the challenges of higher efficiency and lower cost than the current DCT from VW (DQ250) fitted with twin wet clutches and hydraulic control. Responsible for the design and supply of the Bugatti Veyron 7-DCT and controller. Ricardo now present some aspects of their ongoing R&D applied to the other end of the market for controlled ratio transmissions with powershift capability. The practical DCT concept is targeted at B/C class with engines up to 200 Nm with very different targets. The shan layout, meshes, and synchronization are standard: the rest of the transmission is targeted at high efficiency which is derived from two main areas: Dry clutches using a novel failsafe latching mechanism and Electrical Linear Actuators used for the clutches and shift-rails to eliminate hydraulics. Cost is reduced as a result of these mentioned devices, and the following features: Mechanical multiplexing of the linear actuators to control the entire transmission using three or potentially just two primary actuators and lubrication using carefully designed active splash channels which eliminate the need for a pump. Regarding what the driver notices, simulation and rig data suggests the combination of a friction material and the accuracy and frequency response of the linear actuation device will provide shin quality approaching that of a wet clutch system with hydraulics. Fuel economy simulation results are presented using rig-validated sub-system models to identify the magnitude of the savings from each of the design features leading to an overall improvement of 9% versus a conventional b\hydraulic DCT. Finally, the concept is shown packaged for a small EU car and a robust prediction is made of system cost.