Changes in spatial variations of sap flow in Korean pine trees due to environmental factors and their effects on estimates of stand transpiration

Moon, M.,Kim, T.,Park, J.,Cho, S.,Ryu, D.,Suh, S.,Kim, H. S. Springer Science + Business Media 2016 Journal of mountain science Vol.13 No.6

<P>It is difficult to scale up measurements of the sap flux density (J(S)) for the characterization of tree or stand transpiration (E) due to spatial variations in J(S) and their temporal changes. To assess spatial variations in the sap flux density of Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) and their effects on E estimates, we measured the J(S) using Granier-type sensors. Within trees, the J(S) decreased exponentially with the radial depth, and the J(S) of the east aspects were higher than those of the west aspects. Among trees, there was a positive relationship between J(S) and the tree diameter at breast height, and this positive relationship became stronger as the transpiration demand increased. The spatial variations that caused large errors in E estimates (i.e., up to 110.8 % when radial variation was ignored) had varied systematically with environmental factors systematic characteristics in relation to environmental factors. However, changes in these variations did not generate substantial errors in the E estimates. For our study periods, the differences in the daily E (E-D) calculated by ignoring radial, azimuthal and tree-to-tree variations and the measured ED were fairly constant, especially when the daily vapor pressure deficit (D_(D)) was higher than 0.6 kPa. These results imply that the effect of spatial variations changes on sap flow can be a minor source of error compared with spatial variations (radial, azimuthal and tree-to-tree variations) when considering E estimates.</P>

IL-32γ inhibits cancer cell growth through inactivation of NF-κB and STAT3 signals

Oh, J H,Cho, M-C,Kim, J-H,Lee, S Y,Kim, H J,Park, E S,Ban, J O,Kang, J-W,Lee, D-H,Shim, J-H,Han, S B,Moon, D C,Park, Y H,Yu, D-Y,Kim, J-M,Kim, S H,Yoon, D-Y,Hong, J T Nature Publishing Group 2011 Oncogene Vol.30 No.30

<P>Several studies have shown physiological functions of interleukin (IL)-32, a novel cytokine. However, the role of IL-32 in cancer development has not been reported. In this study, we showed that IL-32γ inhibited tumor growth in IL-32γ-overexpressing transgenic mice inoculated with melanoma as well as colon tumor growth in xenograft nude mice inoculated with IL-32γ-transfected colon cancer cells (SW620). The inhibitory effect of IL-32γ on tumor growth was associated with the inhibition of constitutive activated nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB) and of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). The expression of antiapoptotic, cell proliferation and tumor-promoting genes (<I>bcl-2</I>, <I>X-chromosome inhibitor of apoptosis protein</I> (<I>IAP</I>), <I>cellular IAP</I> and <I>cellular FADD-like IL-1β-converting enzyme-inhibitory protein</I>, <I>cyclin D</I>), cyclin-dependent kinase 4, cycolooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase was decreased, whereas the expression of apoptotic target genes (<I>caspase-3</I> and <I>-9</I>, <I>bax</I>) increased. In tumor, spleen and blood, the number of cytotoxic CD8<SUP>+</SUP> T cells and CD57<SUP>+</SUP> natural killer cells and the levels of IL-10 increased, but that of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), IL-1β and IL-6 decreased. We also found that forced overexpression of IL-32γ inhibited colon cancer cell (SW620 and HCT116) growth accompanied with the inhibition of activated NF-κB and STAT3 <I>in vitro</I>. In addition, when IL-32γ was knocked down by small interfering RNA (siRNA) or neutralized with an anti-IL-32γ antibody, IL-32γ-induced colon cancer cell growth inhibition, the IL-32γ-induced decrease of TNF-α, IL-1 and IL-6 production, and the increase of IL-10 production were abolished. However, siRNA of NF-κB and STAT3 augmented IL-32γ-induced colon cancer cell growth inhibition. These findings indicate significant pathophysiological roles of IL-32γ in cancer development.</P>

Oils과 Carrageenan을 이용한 저지방 소세지의 저장기간에 따른 pH, 지방산 조성 및 콜레스테롤의 변화

문점동,송또준,박구부,신택순 진주산업대학교 농업기술연구소 1996 農業技術硏究所報 Vol.9 No.-

육제품을 많이 섭취하면 성인병을 유발한다고 믿고 있는 소비자들의 인식 변화를 유도하기 위한 저지방 소세지의 생산 가능성을 제시코자 첨가하는 지방의 량을 줄여 이에 대체물로서 물을 다량 첨가함과 동시에 3종의 oil로 일부를 대체하고 유화안정제로 카라기난을 첨가하여 low-fat sausage를 제조한 후 5℃에서 6주간 저장하면서 저장기간에 따른 pH, 지방산 조성 및 콜레스테롤의 변화에 대한 실험결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 모든 처리구들의 pH는 저장기간이 경과함에 따라서 증가하였으며, 저지방 첨가구의 대조구인 B구의 pH에 비하여 카라기난을 첨가하지 않은 저지방 처리구들의 pH는 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않았으나 대체로 낮은 pH를 나타내었고, 전 저장기간 동안 카라기난을 첨가한 구들이 대조구 및 다른 저지방 처리구에 비하여 높은 pH를 유지하였다(P<0.05). 2. 지방산의 조성은 대체한 oil에 의해서 oleic, linoleic, linolenic acid가 각각 증가하였으며, 저장기간에 따른 지방산 조성의 변화는 나타나지 않았다. 불포화도는 perilla, sunflower, olive의 순으로 낮았으며, 저장기간에 따른 불포화도의 변화는 나타나지 않았다. 오메가 지방산의 비율은 대체한 oil에 의해서 대조구와는 다른 비율을 나타내었으며 perilla유 대체구가 가장 높았고, 저장기간의 경과에 따른 변화는 없었다. 3. 대조구는 모든 저지방 처리구들 보다 높은 cholesterol 함량을 나타내었고, oil의 대체로 인한 cholesterol 함량의 감소가 나타났으며, 저장기간이 경과함에 따른 cholesterol함량의 변화는 없었다. This study was conducted to investigate the possibility of production of low fat sausage which was made with vegetable oils and added water to reduce back fat content in the sausage. Raw meats for the sausage were removed from the pork carcass(90∼100kg, female, 5∼7months of age) 4∼6 hours after slaughter and randomly assigned to one of eight treatments : control(back fat 30% and water 10), treatment A(back fat 15% and water 25%), treatment B(back fat 7.5%, olive oil 7.5% and water 25%), treatment C(back fat 7.5%, olive oil 7.5%, water 15% and carrageenan 0.5%), treatment D(back fat 7.5%, sunflower oil 7.5% and water 25%), treatment E(back fat 7.5%, sunflower oil 7.5%, water 25% and carrageenan 0.5%), treatment F(back fat 7.5%, perilla oil 7.5% and water 15%) and treatment G(back fat 7.5%, perilla oil 7.5%, water 25% and carrageenan 0.5%). The sausage samples were stored at 5±1℃. The pH, fatty acid and cholesterol were analyzed for over a period of times(0, 2, 4, 6 weeks) The results obtained were summarized as follows : The pH of all treatments was increased with the storage period. The pH values of sausages with carrageenan were lower than that of treatment A but there were no significant differences between the sausages and treatment A. The pH of sausages with carrageenan was higher than those of control and other(P<0.05). The composition of fatty acids of sausages with olive, sunflower and perilla oil was changed, so treatment B and c, D and E and F and G had higher oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid, respectively. There was no difference with the storage period. The ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids of sausages was affected by oil type and there was no difference with the storage period. The ratio of n-3 to n-6 fatty acids of sausages was different from that of control, and that of treatment F and G, both of which perilla oil was added, was higher than those of others. There was no difference with the storage period. The cholesterol content of control was higher than those of others, and that of low fat sausages was decreased. There was no difference with the storage period.

Development and Application of Efficacy Evaluation Techniques for Barrier Creams

Suh, D. H 大韓臨床藥理學會 1997 臨床藥理學會誌 Vol.5 No.1

Vitamin D-binding protein interacts with Aβ and suppresses Aβ-mediated pathology

Moon, M,Song, H,Hong, H J,Nam, D W,Cha, M-Y,Oh, M S,Yu, J,Ryu, H,Mook-Jung, I Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013 CELL DEATH AND DIFFERENTIATION Vol.20 No.4

The level of vitamin D-binding protein (DBP) is increased in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), suggesting a relationship with its pathogenesis. In this study, we investigated whether and how DBP is related to AD using several different approaches. A pull-down assay and a surface plasmon resonance binding assay indicated direct interactions between purified DBP and amyloid beta (Aβ), which was confirmed in the brain of AD patients and transgenic AD model mice by immunoprecipitation assay and immunohistochemical double-staining method. Moreover, atomic force microscopic examination revealed that DBP reduced Aβ aggregation in vitro. DBP also prevented Aβ-mediated death in cultured mouse hippocampal HT22 cell line. Finally, DBP decreased Aβ-induced synaptic loss in the hippocampus and rescued memory deficits in mice after injection of Aβ into the lateral ventricle. These results provide converging evidence that DBP attenuates the harmful effects of Aβ by a direct interaction, and suggest that DBP is a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of AD.

CBD 방법에 의한 CdS 박막의 성장과 광전도 특성

황광준,이상열,유상하,서상석,문종대,신영진,정태수,신현길,김택성,송정훈,유기수 全北大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1994 基礎科學 Vol.16 No.-

Chemical bath deposition 방법으로 다결정 CdS 박막을 세라믹 기판 위에 성장시킨 다음 온도를 변화시켜 열처리하고 X-선 회절무늬를 측정하여 결정구조를 밝혔다. 550℃로 열처리한 시료의 경우 X-선 회절무늬로 부터 외삽법에 의해 a_。와 c_。는 각각 4.1364 Å과 6.7129 Å인 육방정계임을 알았다. 이 때 낱알크기는 약 0.35㎛이었다. Van der Pauw 방법으로 Hall 효과를 측정하여 운반자 농도와 이동도의 온도의존성을 연구하였다. 이동도는 33 K 에서 150 K 까지는 압전산란에 의하여, 150 K 에서 293 K 까지는 극성광학산란에 의하여 감소하는 경향이 나타냈다. 광전도 셀의 특성으로 스텍트럼 응답, 감도(γ), 최대허용소비전력 및 응답 시간을 측정하였다. Polycrystalline CdS thin films were grown on creamic substrate using a chemical bath deposition method. They were annealed at various temperature and X-ray diffraction patterns were measured by X-ray diffractometer in order to study CdS polycrystal structure. Using extrapolation method of X-ray diffraction patterns for the CdS samples annealed in N_2 gas at 550℃ it was found hexagonal structure whose lattice constants a_o and c_o were 4.1364 Å and 6.7120Å, respectively. Its grain size was about 0.35 ㎛. Hall effect on this sample was measured by Van der Pauw method and studied on carrier density and mobility depending on temperature. From Hall data, the mobility was likely to be decreased by piezo electric scattering at temperature range of 33K and 150K and by polar optical scattering at temperature range of 150K and 293K. We measured also spectral response, sensitivity (γ), maximum allowable power dissipation and response time on these samples.

Chemical Bath Deposition 방법으로 제작한 CdSe 박막의 특성

홍광준,이상열,유상하,서상석,문종대,신영진,정태수,신현길,김택성,송정훈,유기수 全北大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1994 基礎科學 Vol.16 No.-

Chemical bath deposition 방법으로 다결정 CdSe 박막을 세라믹 기판 위에 성장시킨 다음 온도를 변화시켜 열처리하고 X-선 회절무늬를 측정하여 결정구조를 밝혔다. 450℃로 열처리한 시료가 X-선 회절무늬로 부터 외삽법에 의해 a_o와 c_o 는 각각 4.302 Å과 7.014 Å인 육방정계임을 알았다. 이 때 낱알크기는 약 0.3㎛이었다. Van der Pauw 방법으로 Hall 효과를 측정하여 운반자 농도와 이동도의 온도의존성을 연구하였다. 이동도는 33 K 에서 200 K 까지는 압전산란에 의하여, 200 k 에서 293 K 까지는 극성광학산란에 의하여 감소하는 경향이 나타냈다. 광전도 셀의 특성으로 스텍트럼 응답, 감도(γ), 최대허용소비전력 및 응답 시간을 측정하였다. Polycrystalline CdSe thin films were grown on creamic substrate using a chemical bath deposition (CBD) method. They were annealed at various temperature and X-ray diffraction patterns were measured by X-ray diffractometer in order to study CdSe polycrystal structure. Using extrapolation method of X-ray diffraction patterns for the CdSe samples annealed in N_2 gas at 450℃ it was found hexagonal structure whose lattice parameters a_o and c_o were 4.302 Å and 7.014 Å, respectively. It grain size was about 0.3 ㎛. Hall effect on this sample was measured by Van der Pauw method and studied on carrier density and mobility depending on temperature. From Hall data, the mobility was likely to be decreased by piezo electric scattering at temperature range of 33 K and 200 K, and by polar optical potical scattering at temperature range of 200 K and 293 K. We measured also spectral response, sensitivily (γ), maximum allowable power dissipation and response time on these samples.

톱밥 발효사료 급여 및 분말어유의 첨가사료가 돈육의 이화학적 성질에 미치는 영향

이정일,문점동,박구부,박범영,박태선,황보종,이한기,진상근,김영직 한국축산학회 1997 한국축산학회지 Vol.39 No.5

This study was conducted to investigate the influence of pork quality pigs which were fed with diets supplemented with fermented sawdust and sardin powder oil. The pigs were randomly assigned to one of the four treatments: a), control (commercial feed); b), T1 (30% fermented sawdust); c), T2 (10% sardin powder oil) d), T3 (30% fermented sawdust, l0% sardin powder oil and 30% limited amino acid) from 30 kg to 110 kg B. Wt. and slaughtered. The samples were stored at 0±1 C. The physico-chemical properties were determined at the dust of 2, 4, 6, 8 and 15. For the loin the pH's of all the treatments on the 15th day were higher than those of the 2nd day, and that of TI was higher than those of the others. The total moisture contents of all treatments decreased with the storage (P$lt;0.05), and there were no significant differences among treatments on the 15th day. The water soluble proteins of all treatments increased with time and were highest on the 8th day and decreased gianibicanth thereater. T1 had significantly higher water soluble protein than others(P$lt;0.05). The salt soluble proteins of all treatments increased with lure the days(P$lt;0.05). T1 had higher salt soluble protein than others during the storage period(P$lt;0.05). The brittleness, hardness, cohesiveness, gumminess and chewiness of all the treatments were not significantly different among during the period, but elasticity of them increased after from the 2nd day. The brittleness of control was higher than that of the others on the 15th day, and the hardness and chewiness of control were higher than those of the others on the 6th day(P$lt;0.05). Forthebelly the pH's of all the treatments on the 15th day were higher than those of the at 2nd day(P$lt;0.05). T1 showed higher pH than the others during the period(P$lt;0.05). The total moisture contents of control and T1 were significantly decreased with time and there were no significant differences between T2 and T3. T1 showed the highest value. The water soluble proteins of all the treatments decreased with time and was lower on the 15th day(P$lt;0.05). That of control and T1 was significantly higher than that of others on the 2nd day, but there were no significant differences among the treatments on the 15th day. The salt soluble proteins of all treatments increased with time (P$lt;0.05), and they were highest on the 15th day. T1 had significantly higher salt soluble protein than the others on the 8th and 15th days.

^(32)P-postlabelling法을 이용한 有機溶劑 작업장 근로자의 遺傳毒性 評價

홍대용,김장락,이장호,문중갑,이한우,김동일,박성학,정주화,이홍근 한국환경독성학회 1994 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.9 No.1

To evaluate the genotoxicities of workers exposed to glue and glue cleaning solution, ambient air monitoring of working place, animal study and human monitoring were carried out. By GC-MS analysis, air samples collected from shoesmaking plant were found to be toluene, xylene, cyclohexane, n-hexane, methyl ethyl ketone, trichloroethylene, butylacetate, isopropyl alcohol. Glue and glue cleaning solution from shoesmaking plant were applicated topically to the CD-1 mice. DNA was isolated from skin 24 hr following the application and analysed for DNA-adducts using the nuclease P₁ version of ^(32)P-postlabelling assay. RAL (Relative Adduct Labelling, adducts/10^(8) nucleotides) was significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner in the glue cleaning solution treated mice skin. Peripheral blood DNA-adducts of workers exposed to glue and glue cleaning solution were also analysed by the same method, but there were not significant differences in the peripheral blood DNA-adducts level between exposed and control workers. In addition, glue cleaning solution from shoes factory was evaluated for mutagenicity in the Salmonella plate incorporation assay using strains TA 100 and TA 1535 in the presence and absence of Arochlor 1254-induced rat liver S_(9). There was evident mutagenicity for cleaning solution in TA 100 regardless of S_(9), but TA 1535 showed positive only in the absence of S_(9) when predicted by Stead model of mutagenicity prediction (p=0.0000). The urine concentrates from workers and controls were also assayed for mutagenicity towards strain TA 100 of Salmonella typhimurium in the presence of S_(9) using Kado's microsuspension assay, but their mutagenic activities were not found to be significant. These data suggest that shoesmaking workers are exposed to genotoxic compounds and need to be monitored by testing the mutagenicity of human urines. However, ^(32)P postlabelling application requires further validation for the routine monitoring of human exposure.

하이브리드 볼륨 PTV(VPTV)

도덕희(D.H. Doh),조효제(H.J. Jo),조경래(K.R. Cho),문경록(K.R. Moon),이재민(J.M. Lee),황태규(T.G. Hwang) 대한기계학회 2008 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2008 No.11

A new 3D-PTV algorithm (a Volume PTV) based upon a hybrid fitness function has been constructed. A coherency fitness function is introduced using the information of space and time to sort out the correct particle pairs between the two camera images. The measurement system consists of two-high-definition-cameras(1k × 1k), a Nd-Yag laser and a host computer. The developed algorithm has been employed to investigate the flow features of the cylinder wake. The Reynolds numbers with the cylinder diameter (d=10㎜) are 360, 720, 900 and 1260. Two-dimensional displacements of the particles of each camera’s image and neighbouring constraints were introduced to reduce the calculation loads. More than 10,000 instantaneous 3D vectors have been obtained by the constructed algorithm. The constructed algorithm could recover more than 80~90% of the particle numbers in the image.