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Satoko Iwasawa,Tazuru Tsuboi,Makiko Nakano,Aya Hirata,Noriyuki Yoshioka,Satoko Suzuki,Shigeru Tanaka,Kazuyuki Omae 한국대기환경학회 2019 Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment (AJAE) Vol.13 No.2
The island of Miyakejima in Japan is subject to ongoing emissions of volcanic gases, including high concentrations of sulfur dioxide (SO2). Annual health checkups on the island, therefore, include the examination of respiratory system parameters. Here, we aimed to investigate the relationship between SO2 exposure and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) concentration among children who received health checkups from 2008 to 2014. The subjects were 83 and 31 second-year junior high school students aged 13-14 years who resided on Miyakejima island and an SO2-free reference island, respectively. SO2 concentration in the air was measured at 6 fixed-point monitoring stations. FeNO was examined according to the American Thoracic Society guideline and European Respiratory Society recommendations for standardized procedures. Average concentrations of SO2 on Miyakejima over a period of 3 months prior to each health checkup from 2008 to 2014 were 22.2, 20.6, 8.9, 10.5, 10.7, 4.4 and 8.0 ppb, respectively. Among the Miyakejima students, geometric mean (GM) FeNO concentrations measured at each health checkup from 2008 to 2014 were 28.2, 18.2, 23.6, 35.5, 36.9, 28.1, and 32.1 ppb. The GM FeNO concentration measured from all Miyakejima students across the study period was 28.3 ppb. No clear dose-response relationship was observed. The GM FeNO concentration among the students from the reference island was 27.7 ppb in 2017. No significant difference was observed between the two populations, even when the data was stratified by sex and sensitivity. There was no clear significant difference in GM of FeNO concentration between Miyakejima and control students, when the average concentration of SO2 over a period of 3 months was 22 ppb or less.
Ohno, Yoshiharu,Iwasawa, Tae,Seo, Joom Beom,Koyama, Hisanobu,Takahashi, Hiroshi,Oh, Yeon-Mok,Nishimura, Yoshihiro,Sugimura, Kazuro American Thoracic Society 2008 American journal of respiratory and critical care Vol.177 No.10
<P>RATIONALE: Oxygen-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been proposed as a useful tool for assessing regional morphological and functional changes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). OBJECTIVES: To prospectively and directly compare the efficacy of O(2)-enhanced MRI and quantitative computed tomography (CT) for smoking-related pulmonary functional loss assessment and clinical stage classification of smoking-related COPD. METHODS: One hundred sixty smokers were classified into four age- and gender-matched groups by using the GOLD criteria for smokers: Smokers without COPD (n = 40), Mild COPD (n = 40), Moderate COPD (n = 40), and Severe or Very Severe COPD (n = 40). All smokers underwent O(2)-enhanced MRI, multidetector-row CT, and pulmonary function test. Mean relative enhancement ratio on O(2)-enhanced MRI and CT-based functional lung volume (FLV) on quantitative CT were calculated. To compare the efficacy of O(2)-enhanced MRI and quantitative CT for pulmonary functional loss assessment, both indexes were correlated with pulmonary functional parameters. To determine the efficacy of two methods for clinical stage classification, the four clinical groups' mean relative enhancement ratio and CT-based FLV were statistically compared. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Correlations of both indexes with pulmonary functional parameters were significant (P < 0.0001). Pulmonary functional parameters and mean relative enhancement ratio for the four clinical groups showed significant differences (P < 0.05). CT-based FLVs of smokers without COPD and mild COPD were significantly different from those for moderate COPD and severe or very severe COPD (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: O(2)-enhanced MRI is effective for pulmonary functional loss assessment and clinical stage classification of smoking-related COPD and quantitative CT.</P>
ONTOGENETIC ASPECTS OF STEROIDOGENESIS BY GONADS OF DUCKS AND ITS ROLE IN SEX DIFFERENTIATION
Doi, O.,Iwasawa, A.,Nakamura, T.,Tanabe, Y. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1994 Animal Bioscience Vol.7 No.1
To elucidate the relationship between steroidogenesis and sex differentiation in the duck, plasma, testicular and ovarian testosterone, estradiol-$17{\beta}$ and progesterone concentration in male and female embryo of day 11 to 27 (just before hatching) of incubation and in 1- to 7-day-old male and female duckling were investigated by radioimmunoassays. Plasma estradiol-$17{\beta}$ concentration in female embryos declined from very high at days 11 and 15 of incubation and remained at low levels after hatching. Male plasma estradiol-$17{\beta}$ concentration were always lower than those of the female throughout this period. Plasma testosterone and progesterone concentrations in both sexes were low during the embryonic stage, but then increased to peaks 3 days and 1 day after hatching, respectively. Estradiol-$17{\beta}$ contents were much higher in the left ovary than the right ovary or testes throughout the experimental period. The estradiol-$17{\beta}$ content of the left ovary was very high at day 15 of incubation, and decreased gradually thereafter. Both in right ovary and testes, estradiol-$17{\beta}$ contents were always low. Testosterone and progesterone contents in the left ovary were low from day 11 to 23 of incubation, and reached a peak 1 day after hatching. Progesterone content in the right ovary and testes were low levels over time period examined. Testosterone and progesterone contents were much higher in the left ovary than the right ovary and testes. The present results clearly demonstrate that the capacity of the embryonic left ovary of duck to synthesize estradiol-$17{\beta}$ and testosterone is much higher than that of the embryonic testis. It is suggested that estrogen secreted from the embryonic ovary earlier than day 15 of incubation has an important role in female sexual differentiation in the duck, and the sex of the avian species is basically male with homozygous sex chromosome (ZZ).
Magnetic Anisotropy of Tetragonal Rare-earth Compounds RRu2Al2B (R: Rare-earth Metals)
Eiichi Matsuoka,Yo Tomiyama,Kotaro Iwasawa,Hitoshi Sugawara,Takahiro Sakurai,Hitoshi Ohta 한국물리학회 2013 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.62 No.12
Recently, a new tetragonal compound CeRu2Al2B, which shows successive magnetic transitionsof antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic orders was discovered. In this paper, the results of magnetizationmeasurements on magnetically-aligned powder sample of CeRu2Al2B were reported. Highly-anisotropic behaviors between the magnetizations along the easy and the hard directionswere observed. The anisotropic behavior of the magnetizations could be explained qualitativelyby considering the crystalline-electric-field scheme with the