Concept of Appropriate Treatment of Captured Wildlife in Conjunction with Waste Treatment System

( Tomonori Ishigaki ),( Satoru Ochiai ),( Masahiro Osako ),( Masato Yamada ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회(구 한국폐기물학회) 2016 한국폐기물자원순환학회 춘계학술발표논문집 Vol.2016 No.-

In recent years in Japan, populations of wildlife such as Japanese deer and wild boars are rapidly increasing with the expansion of their habitats, which has caused serious damage to the ecosystem, agriculture, forestry, fisheries, and the living environment. Since the substantial treatment policy of captured wildlife as not been decided, hunting plan has not been implemented in most of municipality. In order to remove the influence on natural and living environment, the comprehensive management system on captured wildlife, as well as the infected livestock or radioactively polluted animals, must be established. Captured wildlife in local municipalities have not been well managed in the context of the waste management, and there are lots of issues to be solved such as the logistics from hunting zone to public road network, transportation to waste treatment facility, capacity of the municipal incinerators, safety management of disposal. Integrated management of captured wildlife would be achieved by sophisticated cooperation of the sectors of wildlife control and waste management, and a smooth connection to the existing waste management system must be a key issue on this cross-sectional implementation of the project. The Ministry of the Environment, Japan has given the target of the reduction of the number of the hunted designated species (Japanese deer and wild boar) to be double in comparison with that in FY2012. It would be estimated approximately two million, and more than 150 thousand tonnes of dead animal should be annually treated in waste facility additionally. This is a national target, but treatment duty will be owed by local municipalities. This study is going to elucidate the structure of technical problem on receiving the captured large wildlife at the municipal waste treatment facilities, and to investigate the smooth connection to existing waste management system in local scale. Case study of the logistical simulation of the treatment of a mass of livestock that died by natural disasters in local waste management system revealed that the necessity of pretreatment as volume reduction of the dead animals for transportation and for incineration. The pretreatment at hunting-scene will contribute to reduce the total efforts and costs for transportation though there are some technological and legal limitations in Japan. Central pretreatment should be more attractive and reasonable way of volume reduction of hunted wildlife to connect to the existing municipal waste management system.

Potential of Anaerobic Biological Gas Generation of Waste in the Landfill under Post Closure Care

Tomonori Ishigaki,Masahiro Sato,Kazuto Endo,Masato Yamada,Hiroyuki Ishimori 한국폐기물자원순환학회 2013 한국폐기물자원순환학회 학술대회 Vol.2013 No.2

Stabilization of landfill gas (LFG) generation is recognized as the critical indicator to evaluate the future possibility of environmental impact from the waste landfill. In comparison with leachate quality, the amount of LFG generation is considered more difficult to integrate the sequential monitoring results. Spatially and temporal high variation of the LFG generation and the emission would be influenced by the micrometeorological condition. One of the helpful information to predict the behavior of LFG generation is to estimate the remaining of LFG source in the waste. Biological degradation should decrease the amount of component that should be transformed LFG in the waste. Hence, the LFG generation potential of waste in landfill must be gradually decreased as time goes on. In order to support the assessment of the landfill stability from the viewpoint of LFG, the estimation of the potential of LFG generation of the landfilled waste has been investigated at the landfills that was received the waste incineration ash, slag, C&D inert residue, dredged soil, and so on. The LFG emission behavior has been predicted by using the remaining LFG potential, and it was validated by the investigation of surface LFG emission. Degraded organics by anaerobic incubation had been calculated by Buswell's theoretical equation (Bockreis, et al. 2007). Objected samples that were excavated from 10-15 years old waste layer have shown the little potential of LFG generation (Table 1). A highest content of gasified organics was observed for 2.0m depth of C10 though it was less than 1% of the total weight of sample (dry weight). It would be strongly attributed to intensive pretreatment of waste before the landfilling. Since the landfill operator required the strict quality control for the waste to be disposed of, the content of organics in the waste should be enough low at the initial phase of landfill management. In addition, the effort of the landfill management to promote the biodegradation, such as the lowering of the water level in landfill layer, or ventilation of LFG, had contributed to reduce the biodegradable organics. Fig.1 shows the prediction of methane emission from the landfill. It also exhibited results of investigation of surface LFG emission. The prediction of landfill methane emission was developed by using the parameter that was obtained from excavated waste.

IS-25 : Potential of Anaerobic Biological Gas Generation of Waste in the Landfill under Post Cloure Care

( Tomonori Ishigaki ),( Masahiro Sato ),( Hiroyuki Ishimori ),( Kazuto Endo ),( Masato Yamada ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회(구 한국폐기물학회) 2013 한국폐기물자원순환학회 추계학술발표논문집 Vol.2013 No.-

Stabilization of landfill gas (LFG) generation is recognized as the critical indicator to evaluate the future possibility of environmental impact from the waste landfill. In comparison with leachate quality, the amount of LFG generation is considered more difficult to integrate the sequential monitoring results. Spatially and temporal high variation of the LFG generation and the emission would be influenced by the micrometeorological condition. One of the helpful information to predict the behavior of LFG generation is to estimate the remaining of LFG source in the waste. Biological degradation should decrease the amount of component that should be transformed LFG in the waste. Hence, the LFG generation potential of waste in landfill must be gradually decreased as time goes on. In order to support the assessment of the landfill stability from the viewpoint of LFG, the estimation of the potential of LFG generation of the landfilled waste has been investigated at the landfills that was received the waste incineration ash, slag, C&D inert residue, dredged soil, and so on. The LFG emission behavior has been predicted by using the remaining LFG potential, and it was validated by the investigation of surface LFG emission. Degraded organics by anaerobic incubation had been calculated by Buswell`s theoretical equation (Bockreis, et al. 2007). Objected samples that were excavated from 10-15 years old waste layer have shown the little potential of LFG generation (Table 1). A highest content of gasified organics was observed for 2.0m depth of C10 though it was less than 1% of the total weight of sample (dry weight). It would be strongly attributed to intensive pretreatment of waste before the landfilling. Since the landfill operator required the strict quality control for the waste to be disposed of, the content of organics in the waste should be enough low at the initial phase of landfill management. In addition, the effort of the landfill management to promote the biodegradation, such as the lowering of the water level in landfill layer, or ventilation of LFG, had contributed to reduce the biodegradable organics. Fig.1 shows the prediction of methane emission from the landfill. It also exhibited results of investigation of surface LFG emission. The prediction of landfill methane emission was developed by using the parameter that was obtained from excavated waste.

Behavior of Green House Gas Emission from Temporary Storage Sites for Disaster Waste Management

( Tomonori Ishigaki ),( Masahiro Sato ),( Yuka Ogata ),( Masato Yamada ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회(구 한국폐기물학회) 2014 한국폐기물자원순환학회 심포지움 Vol.2014 No.1

Huge amount of disaster waste was generated by the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami. It was estimated that 20 million tons of disaster waste and 10 million tons of Tsunami debris has been generated at devastated area. Since local capacity of waste treatment was deficient for such a large quantity of disaster waste, temporary storage must be necessary until the establishment of appropriate management scheme. During a few year storage of disaster waste, several environmental impacts could be concerned. One of global impacts is the emission of greenhouse effect gases (GHGs) from the organics waste. In this study, the behavior of GHGs emission from the sites of temporary management for disaster waste has been investigated. The methane emission from the temporary storage pile of combustible fraction (mainly wood waste) was distributed from -0.0014 to 0.0023 L/hr/m². Arithmetic mean and coefficient of variance was 0.0013 L/hr/m²±88% and median was 0.0014 L/hr/m². The carbon dioxide emission was 1000 times higher than methane emission at that site. It indicated that the aerobic deterioration of organic waste in the temporary storage of combustible fraction would be dominated rather than anaerobic mechanism. On the other hand, The methane emission from the temporary disposal site of fishery waste was highly fluctuated from -0.024 to 30 L/hr/m². Arithmetic mean and coefficient of variance was 4.3 L/hr/m²±230% and median was 0.0087 L/hr/m². The waste degradation in the temporary disposal site of fishery waste must follow the anaerobic manner. The methane emission from the pile of combustible fraction by first order reaction model could be assumed 0.73 L-CH₄/hr/kg-waste (15 L-CO₂eq/hr/kg-waste), which was calculated as the emission at July 2011. The emission factor from unit waste was calculated as 87 L L-CH₄/ kg-waste (1830 L-CO₂eq/kg-waste).

Boundary layer measurements for validating CFD condensation model and analysis based on heat and mass transfer analogy in laminar flow condition

Soma Shu,Ishigaki Masahiro,Abe Satoshi,Sibamoto Yasuteru 한국원자력학회 2024 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.56 No.7

When analyzing containment thermal-hydraulics, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is a powerful tool because multi-dimensional and local analysis is required for some accident scenarios. According to the previous study, neglecting steam bulk condensation in the CFD analysis leads to a significant error in boundary layer profiles. Validating the condensation model requires the experimental data near the condensing surface, however, available boundary layer data is quite limited. It is also important to confirm whether the heat and mass transfer analogy (HMTA) is still valid in the presence of bulk condensation. In this study, the boundary layer measurements on the vertical condensing surface in the presence of air were performed with the rectangular channel facility WINCS, which was designed to measure the velocity, temperature, and concentration boundary layers. We set the laminar flow condition and varied the Richardson number (1.0–23) and the steam volume fraction (0.35–0.57). The experimental results were used to validate CFD analysis and HMTA models. For the former, we implemented a bulk condensation model assuming local thermal equilibrium into the CFD code and confirmed its validity. For the latter, we validated the HMTA-based correlations, confirming that the mixed convection correlation reasonably predicted the sum of wall and bulk condensation rates.