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Residual analysis of veterinary drugs in bovine and equine muscle by targeted sampling plan in 2022
Sunjin Park(Sunjin Park),Chung-Oui Hong(Chung-Oui Hong),Se-Hyung Kim(Se-Hyung Kim),Jihye Kim(Jihye Kim),Inhae Jeon(Inhae Jeon),Seon-Young Lee(Seon-Young Lee),Moon Her(Moon Her),Sung-Won Park(Sung-Won 한국예방수의학회 2023 예방수의학회지 Vol.47 No.2
The Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency conducts a targeted sampling plan and analysis for veterinary drugs within the country every year. Target compounds included tetrachlorvinphos as an organophosphate, diminazene as an anti-infective medication, ketoprofen as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, triclabendazole and clorsulon as flukicides in 2022. These compounds were not included in National Residues Program (NRP), despite their high sales ranking. A total of 94 bovine muscle samples and 20 equine muscle samples were collected from various locations across the country. The analysis of target compounds in muscle was performed using LC-MS/MS coupled with Food code 8.3.1 revised in 2022. A 2 g sample of muscle tissue was extracted using a water: acetonitrile (1:4, v/v) solution, then cleaned up with C18 and hexane saturated with acetonitrile. Compounds were separated with C18 column and mobile phases consisted of 0.1% formic acid in water (A) and 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile (B). All analytes exhibited good linearity with correlation coefficients (R2) higher than 0.992. The limit of quantification (LOQ) of these compounds ranged from 0.21 to 2.79 μg/kg except for diminazene (3.85~6.86 μg/kg). The average recoveries of these analytes were 89.45~129.13% in muscle at spiked level of 10 or 20 μg/kg. Relative standard deviations (%) (intra-day and inter-day) were lower than 20% for all target compounds, except for diminazene and triclabendazole, whose intra-day RSD % was slightly higher than 20% in equine muscle. Testing confirmed that all 94 bovine and 20 equine muscle samples from 9 provinces were free from residues of veterinary drugs. Monitoring of compounds not included in the NRP should continue to ensure consumer health and food safety.
우울 수준에 따른 가상멀미 경험이 가상현실 기반 신경인지과제 수행에 미치는 영향 : 고령집단을 중심으로
김인하(Kim, Inha)박정훈(Park, Junghun),이서정(Lee, Seojung),민성(Min, Sung),전주영(Jeon, Juyoung),조건우(Cho, Geonwoo),박혜연(Park, Haeyean),박다솔(Park, Dasol)박수현(Park, Soohyun) 한국재활심리학회 2021 재활심리연구 Vol.28 No.1
본 연구는 고령 집단에서 가상현실기반 평가 및 치료를 활용하는데 있어, 주요 장애물이 될 수 있는 가상멀미의 영향을 탐색하기 위해 진행되었다. 이 가운데서도 신경인지과제 수행 시, 우울감의 수준에따라 가상멀미가 과제수행에 미치는 영향을 탐색하고자 하였으며, 이를 확인하기 위하여 만 50세 이상성인 73명이 (1) 가상현실 기반 신경인지과제, (2) 가상멀미 수준과 우울을 측정하는 자기보고식 설문을 완료하였다. 연구 결과, 우울감이 클수록 가상현실 프로그램 시행에 따른 가상멀미 변화량이 커지는 경향을 보이며, 준임상 수준 이상에 해당하는 고우울 집단에서는 가상멀미가 가상현실기반 신경인지과제 수행에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 저우울 집단에서는 이러한 영향이 유의하지 않았다. 이를 통해 준임상수준 이상의 고우울 집단에서는 지각된 가상멀미 수준이 가상현실기반 신경인지과제 수행에 부정적 영향을 미칠 수 있음이 시사되었다. 이러한 결과는 향후 고령의 우울집단에서 가상현실 치료를 활성화하기 위해, 주요 부작용인 가상멀미의 영향을 확인했다는 점에서 의의가 있으며, 이를 비롯한 본 연구의 의의와 한계점 및 후속 연구에 대해 논의하였다. This study was conducted to explore the effects of simulator sickness, which can be a major obstacle in the use of virtual reality-based evaluation and treatment in the elderly group. Also, the effect of depression level on simulator sickness and a virtual reality (VR)-based neurocognitive task performance was investigated. Seventy-three participants over the age of 50 years completed the (1) VR-based neurocognitive task and (2) self-report questionnaires measuring simulator sickness, and depressive symptoms. The results indicated that depression predicts the severity of perceived simulator sickness, and simulator sickness had a significant effect on the performance of the virtual reality-based neurocognitive task in a group with sub-clinical or clinical levels of depression. Based on the results, the implications, limitations and suggestions for future studies were discussed.
Trends in the prevalence of multiple pregnancies and associated adverse pregnancy outcomes in Korea
Shin, Hyunjeong,Jeon, Songi,Cho, Inhae 한국간호과학회 2021 한국간호과학회 학술대회 Vol.2021 No.10
Background: Recent decades have seen a major increase in the rates of multiple gestations globally. Multiple pregnancies can lead to significant health problems for women and their babies. Multiple gestations are associated with higher age and with greater weight gain during pregnancy than with singleton pregnancies, and both of these characteristics are risk factors for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), high blood pressure during pregnancy, and postpartum hemorrhage (PPH). Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the trend in the incidence rates of multiple pregnancies, GDM, gestational hypertensive disorders (GHDs), and PPH in Korea. Methods: We extracted data about all women of reproductive age who experienced pregnancy for each year during 2002-2019 from the data of Korean National Health Insurance Service. Age-adjusted incidences were calculated by the direct method with the 2002 population as the standard population. Annual percent change (APC) was calculated to estimate the trends in rates of prevalence. Results: Over 18 years, the average age of pregnant women increased from 29.49 to 32.84 years, and pregnant women aged 35 years or older increased from 11.06% to 37.00%. The average APC in age-adjusted incidence rates of multiple pregnancies was 11.1 (95% CI, 10.5-11.6). The average APCs of GDM, pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH), preeclampsia, eclampsia, and PPH were 16.8 (95%CI, 12.9~20.9), 12.9 (95%CI, 11.7~14.0), -0.4 (95%CI, -1.7~1.0), -7.8 (95%CI, -11.2~-4.3), and 12.5 (95%CI, 10.6~14.4), respectively. In case of preeclampsia, however, the 3 jointpoint analysis revealed that an increase only 2014-2019 had a significant change (APC=11.9 [95%CI, 8.0~15.9]). Conclusions: The prevalence of multiple pregnancies and the associated adverse pregnancy outcomes except eclampsia are on the rise trends with an increase of the average age of pregnancy. It is important to evaluate adverse pregnancy outcomes of multiple pregnancies, with making efforts to decrease incidence rates of GDM, GHDs, and PPH.
Shin, Hyunjeong,Jeon, Songi,Cho, Inhae 한국간호과학회 2021 한국간호과학회 학술대회 Vol.2021 No.10
Background: Since industrialization, the rate of employed women has progressively increased worldwide. As a result, lots of women have experienced pregnancy and childbirth during employment. Pregnancy loss is one of the common adverse pregnancy outcomes, which is influenced not only by individual attributes but also by their environment; however, limited studies have been conducted considering working status as the environmental factor around pregnant women. Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of missed, spontaneous, and threatened abortion between employed and unemployed women. Methods: We extracted data about all women of reproductive age who experienced pregnancy in 2019 using customized data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service. In the present study, working women were defined as having employee-insured. Data were analyzed using logistic regression analyses. Results: A total of 551,781 women were identified including 271,965 of employed women (49.7%) and 279,816 of unemployed women (50.7%). Employed women were more likely to have threatened (aOR 1.26, 95% CI 1.19-1.34), missed (aOR 1.08, 95% CI 1.06-1.10), and spontaneous abortion (aOR 1.05, 95% CI 1.01-1.09) compared to unemployed women. Considering workplace characteristics among the employed women, those who engaged in manufacturing and health care and social work activities were more likely to have all three kinds of pregnancy complications compared to unemployed women. Also, women engaged in health care and social work activities had higher rates of threatened (aOR 1.16, 95% CI 1.09-1.33) and missed abortion (aOR 1.08, 95% CI 1.03-1.12) compared to the whole of the employed women. Conclusions: The study findings suggest that there is a need to develop policies on dealing with abortion as a workplace issue and to make efforts to reduce the number of missed, spontaneous, and threatened abortion in workplace.
Preterm births and the associated conditions in pregnancy: Trends in the rates of incidence in Korea
Shin, Hyunjeong,Jeon, Songi,Cho, Inhae 한국간호과학회 2021 한국간호과학회 학술대회 Vol.2021 No.10
Background: Preterm birth, being born before 37 weeks of pregnancy, is a major reason why newborns die and may also mean long-term disability for surviving infants. Although many factors have been shown to increase the risk of preterm birth, uterine or cervical abnormalities (e.g. incompetent cervix, premature rupture of membrane (PROM)) and multifetal pregnancies are known to be major risk factors. Purpose: This study aimed to explore the trends in the incidence or prevalence rates of preterm births and the related conditions including incompetent cervix, PROM, multifetal pregnancy, and preterm contraction in Korea. Methods: We extracted data about all women of reproductive age who experienced pregnancy for each year during 2002-2019 from the data of Korean National Health Insurance Service. Age-adjusted incidence rates were calculated by the direct method with the 2002 population as the standard population. Annual percent change (APC) was calculated to estimate the trends in rates of prevalence or incidence. Results: The average APCs in age-adjusted incidence rates of preterm contraction, multiple pregnancy, incompetent cervix, and PROM were 19.7 (95%CI, 16.9~22.5), 11.1 (95%CI, 10.5~11.6), 12.2 (95%CI, 10.0~14.5), and 9.4 (95%CI, 6.8~12.1), respectively. The trend in incidence rates of preterm births was divided into 3 segments: an increasing period for 2008-2012 (APC=11.9 [95% CI, 3.2~21.5]), a decreasing period for 2012-2016 (APC= -6.7 [95% CI, -17.6~5.8]), and then the increasing period again for 2016-2019 (APC=5.8 [95%CI, -9.6~23.9]) showing that an increase only 2008-2012 had a significant change. Conclusions: The rates of incidence or prevalence of preterm birth and the associated conditions have been increasing over the last 18 years. The study findings suggest that nurses need to educate the public about preterm birth and the associated conditions, and participate in the development and evaluation of public health strategies to reduce the preterm birth rates.