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Drug-induced Hyperprolactinemia Results in Atypical Atypical Fracture
( Ingyu Lee ),( Dong-wook Son ),( Jun Hyoung Park ),( Jai Hyung Park ) 대한고관절학회 2021 Hip and Pelvis Vol.33 No.2
We report a case of bilateral femur fracture which may have resulted in part from long-term administration of antipsychotic agents. A 43-year-old female patient with pain in both thighs visited our clinic. We conducted X-ray and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations which revealed bilateral femur fractures. The right proximal femur had a complete fracture, and the left proximal femur had an incomplete fracture, both of which were in the subtrochanteric area. The patient was treated by intramedullary nailing in the right femur. Laboratory analysis showed hyperprolactinemia and hypogonadism. Bone mineral density analysis showed osteoporosis. Antipsychotic drug-induced hyperprolactinemia is a well-known phenomenon. Despite concerns about hyperprolactinemia induced osteoporotic fracture in patients treated with only prolactin-elevating medications, the issue has not been extensively studied. If hyperprolactinemia patients suffer from uncontrolled pain, we recommend MRI examination as surgeons should be aware of the possibility of osteoporotic fracture induced by hyperprolactinemia.
Cyst formation in kidney via B-Raf signaling in the PKD2 transgenic mice.
Park, Eun Young,Sung, Young Hoon,Yang, Moon Hee,Noh, Ji Yeun,Park, So Young,Lee, Tae Young,Yook, Yeon Joo,Yoo, Kyung Hyun,Roh, Kyung Jin,Kim, Ingyu,Hwang, Young-Hwan,Oh, Goo Taeg,Seong, Je Kyung,Ahn, American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Bi 2009 The Journal of biological chemistry Vol.284 No.11
<P>The pathogenic mechanisms of human autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) have been well known to include the mutational inactivation of PKD2. Although haploinsufficiency and loss of heterozygosity at the Pkd2 locus can cause cyst formation in mice, polycystin-2 is frequently expressed in the renal cyst of human ADPKD, raising the possibility that deregulated activation of PKD2 may be associated with the cystogenesis of human ADPKD. To determine whether increased PKD2 expression is physiologically pathogenic, we generated PKD2-overexpressing transgenic mice. These mice developed typical renal cysts and an increase of proliferation and apoptosis, which are reflective of the human ADPKD phenotype. These manifestations were first observed at six months, and progressed with age. In addition, we found that ERK activation was induced by PKD2 overexpression via B-Raf signaling, providing a possible molecular mechanism of cystogenesis. In PKD2 transgenic mice, B-Raf/MEK/ERK sequential signaling was up-regulated. Additionally, the transgenic human polycystin-2 partially rescues the lethality of Pkd2 knock-out mice and therefore demonstrates that the transgene generated a functional product. Functional strengthening or deregulated activation of PKD2 may be a direct cause of ADPKD. The present study provides evidence for an in vivo role of overexpressed PKD2 in cyst formation. This transgenic mouse model should provide new insights into the pathogenic mechanism of human ADPKD.</P>
박인규(Park, Ingyu),조진수(Jo, Jinsu) 한국사회언어학회 2019 사회언어학 Vol.27 No.1
The purpose of this study is to reconstruct the “aspect of vocabulary”, which is used in current grammar education, considering the overlaps between vocabulary categories. For this purpose, the existing discussion on the aspect of vocabulary and the way of implementing the curriculum and the textbooks were examined. As a result, it is confirmed that the vocabulary aspect education has not fully taken into consideration of “overlapping among the vocabulary categories”. In this study, we set up a category of vocabulary with multiple features and categorized these features using “+” and “-” depending on the case. In this way, aspect of vocabulary is restructured more coherently. More discussion on the future studies and education should be continued.
한국 신종교의 주문 수행 - 동학계와 증산계 신종교를 중심으로 -
박인규 ( Park Ingyu ) 서울대학교 종교문제연구소 2017 종교와 문화 Vol.0 No.32
본 논문은 한국 신종교 가운데 동학계와 증산계 신종교의 종교적 실천을 연구 주제로 삼고 있다. 이 신종교들은 모두 주문을 반복적으로 염송하는 것 즉 주문 수행을 종교적 수행의 중심으로 하고 있다. 그러한 원인은 주문이 동학계와 증산계 신종교의 교조인 수운 최제우와 증산 강일순의 종교적 체험 또는 교설과 관련이 깊기 때문이다. 본고에서는 동학계 신종교로 천도교, 천진교, 수운교를 다루었다. 천도교는 수운 -> 해월 -> 의암으로 이어지는 정통성을 주장하며, 수운의 가르침을 계승하여 21자주를 송독하는 것을 의례의 핵심으로 삼고 있다. 천진교는 수운 -> 해월 -> 구암으로 이어지는 정통성을 주장하며 21자의 송독과 영부수행을 종교적 실천으로 행하고 있다. 수운교는 해월의 정통성을 부정하며 이상룡이 수운의 환생이라고 여기고 있다. 수운교는 21자주 외에 불교식 주문과 염불을 통해서 수행을 하고 있다. 증산계 신종교의 많은 분파 가운데 본 논문에서는 증산교본부, 증산법종교, 대순진리회를 연구 대상으로 하였다. 증산교본부는 초기 증산사상의 확산에 중요한 역할을 하였던 이상호, 이정립에 의해 설립된 단체로 증산의 언설을 계승하여 태을주 염송을 중시하였다. 증산법종교는 증산의 여식인 강순임에 의해 창설되었으며, 태을주 수련과 함께 불교식 주문과 염불을 겸하여 수행한다. 증산계 최대 교단인 대순진리회는 조정산으로 이어지는 정통성을 주장하며 수련, 기도 시 주문을 염송하며 공부를 통해서 특별한 수행을 실시하고 있다. 이 신종교들이 각기 다른 정통성과 교리를 주장하며 그 차별성을 보이고 있지만, 주문 수행이라는 공통된 종교적 실천을 실행하고 있다. 사용하는 주문과 방식도 변이가 발생하였지만 일상의례, 정기의례, 특별 수련 등이 주문을 중심으로 실천되고 있다는 공통적 특성이 나타나고 있다. This thesis focuses on the religious practices of Jeungsan groups and Eastern Learning groups among Korean new religions. All of these new religions have been doing incantation practice as their central religious practice. The reason is that the incantations are deeply related to the religious experience or the teaching of the founders. In this thesis, I researched Chundogyo, Chunjingyo and Suungyo among Eastern Learning groups. Chundogyo insists on the legitimacy that is passed down from Suun to Haewol and to Uiam. And Chundogyo follows Suun`s teaching and takes the reciting 21-letter-incantation as the main religious practice. Chunjingyo claims that the legitimacy is from Suun to Haewol and to Guam and recites 21-letter-incantation while drawing spiritual charm called Yongbu as the religious practice. Suungyo denies the legitimacy of Haewol and claims that Lee Sangryong is the reincarnation of Suun. Suungyo recites 21-letter-incantation and chants a Buddhist prayer and mantra as the main religious practice. I studied Jeungsangyobonbu, Jeungsanbubjonggyo and Daesoonjinrihoe among Jeungsan groups. Jeungsangyobonbu was founded by Lee Sangho and Lee Junglip who played a key role of disseminating Jeungsan`s thought. It puts emphasis on reciting Taeulju as religious practice following Jeungsan`s word. Jeungsanbubjonggyo was founded by Kang Sunim who is the only daughter of Jeungsan. This organization recites Taeulju and does a Buddhist prayer as religious ritual and practice. Daesoon Jinrihoe is the biggest organization among Jeungsan groups and insists the legitimacy of Jo Jeongsan. And Daesoon Jinrihoe also lays emphasis on reciting Taeulju and formulates practice, prayer and special practice. These religious organizations insist their legitimacy respectively and spread their own doctrine differently. But they do incantation practice as religious activity in common. Recited incantations and the way of reciting are different among these organizations. But it is common characteristics that ordinary ritual, regular ritual and special practice are conducted mainly through reciting incantations.