臨床化學檢査의 精度管理狀態 分析考察 : Sodium, Potassium, Chloride, Calcium

姜泳圭,金仁仙,李昌珪,白承龍 최신의학사 1981 最新醫學 Vol.24 No.2

Low serum bilirubin level predicts the develop-ment of chronic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

( Kang Hee Ahn ),( Sang Soo Kim ),( Won Jin Kim ),( Jong Ho Kim ),( Yun Jeong Nam ),( Su Bin Park ),( Yun Kyung Jeon ),( Bo Hyun Kim ),( In Joo Kim ),( Yong Ki Kim ) 대한내과학회 2017 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.32 No.5

Background/Aims: We evaluated whether serum bilirubin levels can predict the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T₂DM). Methods: This was a retrospective observational longitudinal study of patients presenting at the Pusan National University Hospital. A total of₃₄₉ patients with T₂DM and preserved kidney function (estimated glomerular filtration rate ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73 m²) were enrolled. The main outcome was the development of CKD stage 3 or greater. The patients were divided into four groups according to the quartiles of the total serum bilirubin levels at baseline. Results: The group with the lowest range of total serum bilirubin level (Q₁) showed the highest cumulative incidence of CKD stage 3 or greater than that of the other lower quartiles (Q₁ vs. Q₄; hazard ratio [HR], 6.75; 95% confidence in-terval [CI], 1.54 to 29.47; p = 0.011). In multivariate analysis, the risk of developing CKD stage 3 or greater was higher in the second lowest quartile of the serum bili-rubin level than that in the highest quartile of the serum bilirubin level (Q₂ vs. Q₄; HR, 9.36; 95% CI, 1.33 to 65.73; p = 0.024). In the normoalbuminuria subgroup (n = 236), multivariate analysis showed that the risk of developing CKD stage 3 or greater was higher in the lowest quartile of the serum bilirubin level than that in the highest quartile of the serum bilirubin level (Q1 vs. Q4; HR, 7.36; 95% CI, 1.24 to 35.82; p = 0.019). Conclusions: Serum bilirubin might be an early clinical marker for predicting the progression of CKD in patients with T₂DM and preserved renal function.

The Effect o f the Owner CEO on t he R elati on b etween CEO Compensati on and F i rm P erformance: Korean C ase

Yong Shik Kim,Sun A Kang,In shik Seol 사람과세계경영학회 2018 Global Business and Finance Review Vol.23 No.3

In the study, we examine whether the owner CEO affects the relation between CEO compensation and firm performance. There is a positive relation between CEO compensation and firm performance in general. More in-depth analysis shows, however, that such positive relation diminishes in the owner CEO firms, specifically when the CEO is the largest owner. Firm performance also improves as the level of CEO ownership increases in the non-owner CEO firms; no significant results are found in the owner CEO firms. We conclude that the convergence-of-interests effect dominates in the non-owner CEO firms, the entrenchment effect dominates in the largest CEO firms, and both the convergence-of-interests and the conflict-of-interest effects exist together in the family CEO firms.

In-Vitro, In-Vivo 동물모델에서 귀리 유래 수용성 베타-글루칸의 칼로리 제한 효과 작용기전 규명

강한나 ( Hanna Kang ),김세찬 ( Se-chan Kim ),강용수 ( Yong Soo Kang ),권영인 ( Young-in Kwon ) 한국식품영양학회 2017 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.30 No.6

In the current study, we investigated the inhibitory activity of water soluble β-glucan from oat (Avena sativa) against various digestive enzymes such as α-glucosidase, sucrase, maltase and glucoamylase. Inhibition of these enzymes involved in the absorption of disaccharide can significantly decrease the post-prandial increase of blood glucose level after a mixed carbohydrate diet. The β-glucan had the highest documented rate of small intestinal sucrase inhibitory activity (2.83 mg/mL, IC₅₀) relevant for potentially managing post-prandial hyperglycemia. Furthermore, we evaluated the effects of β-glucan on the level of post-prandial blood glucose in animal model. The post-prandial blood glucose levels were tested two hours after sucrose/starch administration, with and without β- glucan (100, and 500 mg/kg-body weight). The maximum blood glucose levels (Cmax) of β-glucan administration group were decreased by about 23% (from 219.06±27.82 to 190.44±13.18, p<0.05) and 10% (from 182.44±13.77 to 165.64±10.59, p<0.01) in starch and sucrose loading test, respectively, when compared to control in pharmacodynamics study. The β -Glucan administration significantly lowered the mean, maximum, and minimum level of post-prandial blood glucose at 30 min after meal. In view of the foregoing, it is felt that our findings suggest that β-glucan from oat serves to reduce post-prandial blood glucose rise secondary to slower absorption of glucose in the small intestine, via carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes inhibition.

직업성 경견완장애 진단시 생화학적 지표의 이용가능성

이용환,배강우,황인철,박강원,김영기 高神大學校保健科學硏究所 1998 보건과학연구소보 Vol.8 No.-

The increased incidence of occupational cervicobrachial disorder appears to be due to new technology, such as advanced automation and mechanization. That requested for worker's repetitive movements, which were limited to use upper extremities of body. Consequently, increased rate of work concentrated locally on an individual's musculoskeletal system that results in occupational cervicobrachial disorder. Though the occupational cervicobrachial disorders have been diagnosed by evaluating questionnares from the workers, objective and clear diagnostic criteria were not established. We tried to develope biochemical indicators that can be used in the dignosis and screening test of the occupational cervicobrachial disorders. The subjects who engaged in the shoemaker factory were divided into 3 groups by their workload; heavy(58 persons), repetitive(55 persons), and control workers(60 persons). The questionnare test was followed by biochemical examinations analyzing blood sample of the subjects. The biochemical indicators used were creatine kinase(CK), aspartate aminotransferase(AST), potassium, lactate, ammonia, uric acid, hypoxanthine, and malondialdehyde(MDA). The concentration of plasma MDA was highest in the heavy workers and there was statistically significant differences in the scores of the questionnare between the workers having concentrations within normal range and above normal range. Also, the levels of serum lactate, plasma uric acid and hypoxanthine were higher in heavy and repetitive workers than control, but, there were not any significant relationships among the groups in questionnare study. We concluded that these results would be applicable after more study on the standardized method in the analysis of the biochemical indicators and related other clinical tests.

IL-β의 인슐린 분비 자극효과와 그 과정에 관여하는 인자들

정인경,오승훈,강동묵,정재훈,민용기,이명식,이문규,김광원 대한당뇨병학회 2002 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.24 No.4

연구배경: IL­1β는 용량과 노출시간에 따라 인슐린분비에 대해 상반되는 효과를 가지고 있다. IL­1β의 인슐린 분비 억제효과는 제1혁명 당뇨병의 자가면역 기전과 관련되어 잘 알려져 있으나 인슐린 자극효과에 대해서는 아직 명백히 밝혀지지 않았다. 이에 저자 등은 IL­1β의 다양한 농도에 따라 백서의 췌도세포에서 인슐린 분비에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고, 그 기전으로 인슐린 생합성, iNOS의 발현, 칼슘통로의 활성도 변화여부를 알아보고자 하였다. 방법:200∼300g인 수컷 Sprague­Dawley 백서의 췌도를 변형된 Lacy&Kostianovsky's 방법으로 분리한 후 IL­1β의 다양한 농도(0, 0.5, 5, 50, 500pmol/L)에 2, 6, 24시간 노출시켜 췌도세포의 형태, 생존능을 관찰하고 인슐린 분비능 및 췌도세포내 인슐린 함량을 측정하였으며, 전전구 인슐린 mRNA발현, iNOS mRNA발현을 RT­PCR을 통해 확인하였고, 세포의 칼슘 통로 활성도 변화 여부를 측정하였다. 결과:1) IL­1β에 노출되 췌도의 생존능:2시간 노출시는 대조군과 차이가 없었으나, 6시간 고농도군과 24시간 모든 군에서 생존능이 감소되었다. 2)인슐린 분비능은 IL­1β를 2시간 5poml/L이상의 고농도와 6시간 0.5pmol/L 저농도 처리시 대조군에 비해 의미있게 증가하였으나, 6시간과 24시간 5poml/L이상의 고농도에서는 의미있게 인슐린의 분비가 억제 되었다. 3)췌도내 인슐린양의 변화는 IL­1β의 시간과 농도에 따라 배지내의 인슐린 변화와 비슷한 경향을 보였으나 통계학적으로 의미있는 차이는 없었다. 4)전전구인슐린의 mRNA발현은 2시간 50pmol/L이상 고농도의 IL­1β에서 의미있게 증가하였고, 6시간 처리군에서는 의미있는 차이는 없었으나, 24시간에서 IL­1β의 용량의존적으로 억제되었다. 5)iNOS mRNA는 IL­1β 처리 후 2시간부터 발현되기 시작하여, 6시간에 최고에 달한 후 24시간에는 점차 감소하였다. IL­1β의 처리시간과 무관하게 5poml/L이상의 고농도에서 용량에 따라 발현이 증가하였다. 6)칼슘통로 활성도는 IL­1β의 농도나 시간에 따라 유의한 차이가 없었다. 결론: IL­1β는 단시간 고용량이나 장기간 저용량에서 인슐린 분비와 생합성을 증가시키며, 이런 효과는 iNOS나 칼슘 통로 활성도 변화와는 무관한 것으로 생각된다. Background : The inhibitory effort of IL-1β on the insulin secretion has been validated in pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes, but complex results about the stimulatory effect of IL-1β have been reported. The aims of this study are to clarify the effects of IL-1βon insulin secretion of pancreatic islets and to investigate the mechanisms in terms of preproinsulin synthesis, inducible NOS expression, and calcium channel activity. Method : Islets were isolated from male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat by modified Lacy-Kostianovsky's method. After islets were treated with different concentrations (0, 0.5, 5, 50, 500 pmol/L) and exposure time (2, 6, 24 hours) of IL-1β, morphology, viability, static stimulation of insulin to glucose, insulin content, preproinsulin mRNA expression, iNOS mRNA expression and calcium channel activity were measured. Results : 1) Viability o islets was reduced in high concentrations of long term exposure of IL-1β. 2) Insulin secretion was stimulated in islets treated with 5, 50, and 500 pmol/L of IL-1β for 2 hours. 3) Insulin content was not significantly different regardless of concentration and exposure time of IL-1β. 4) Preproinsulin mRNA expression increased in islets treated with 50, 500 pmol/L of IL-1β for 2 hours. After 24 hours, it decreased in dose dependent manner. 5) iNOS mRNA expression was detectable after 2 hours in the presence of IL-1β, peaks at 6 hour and decreased after 24 hours. It was increased above 5 pmol/L of IL-1β in dose dependent manner. 6) Activities of the voltage-dependent Ca^2+ channels were not different among groups. Conclusion : IL-1β plays a positive role in terms of insulin secretion and insulin synthesis in high concentration of short term or low concentration of long term. These effects of IL-1β might be neither dependent of iNOS pathway nor Ca^2+ channel activity (J Kor Diabetes Asso 431~443, 2000).

생팥 및 삶은 팥의 열수 추출물의 유용 생리활성 평가

정인창(In-Chang Jung),이예슬(Ye-Seul Lee),강동균(Dong-Kyoon Kang),손호용(Ho-Yong Sohn) 동아시아식생활학회 2015 동아시아식생활학회지 Vol.25 No.3

Raw-red bean (RR) should be boiled in hot water, and only boiled-red bean (BR) has been used in the food industry. In the course of development of functional food using red- bean (Phaseolus radiatus L), hot- water extracts (HWEs) of RR and BR were prepared, respectively and their components and various biological activities were compared. The extraction yield at 100℃ of RR (16.2%) was higher than that of BR (14.8%), and contents of total polyphenols, total flavonoids and reducing sugars of HWE of RR were 2.5-fold, 2.1-fold and 1.5-fold higher than those of HWE of BR. In anti-oxidation activity assay, scavenging activities against DPPH anion and ABTS cation as well as reducing power of RR was higher than those of BR. The results suggest that the anti-oxidant compounds in red bean might be heat-liable or discarded during boiling in hot-water as a cooking drip. Unexpectedly, nitrite scavenging activity was stronger in HWE of BR than RR. In anti-microbial activity assay, HWE of RR (500 μg/disc) showed growth inhibition activity against gram-positive bacteria, whereas HWE of BR did not show any activity against any tested bacteria and fungi. Assay of in-vitro anti-diabetes and anti-thrombosis activities, which were previously reported in ethanol extract of red-bean, revealed that HWEs of RR and BR did not show significant activities against α-amylase, α-glucosidase, thrombin, prothrombin, or blood coagulation factors. Our results suggest that the anti-oxidation, anti-diabetes and anti-thrombosis activities of HWEs of RR and BR were lower than those of ethanol extracts of red bean, and bioactive substances in RR were destroyed during boiling or discarded after boiling. Further research on suitable boiling and re-use of cooking drip of red bean is necessary.

생체분해성 망막압정을 이용한 망막고정에 대한 실험적 연구

김용백,민병무,김창식,박근성,김승영,길숙종,조항진,이성복,노승무,송규상,강대영,조준식,양준묵,정경수,최선웅,이진호,김학용,인현빈 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1998 충남의대잡지 Vol.25 No.1

Biodegradable retinal fixation devices obtain mechnical fixation of the retina with desirable chorioretinal scarring and with the potential for local, sustained release of antimetabolites and steroids to inhibit proliferative vitreoretinopathy. We manufactured a biodegradable retinal tack with barb that was designed in order to prevent intrusion from implantation of retinal tacks. This study was carried to evaluate the efficacy for retinal fixation and the capability for sustained release of drugs with a newly designed biodegradable retinal tack Biodegradable retinal tacks were made of polymers of glycolic acids and were designed with barbs in a shape to prevent the disinsertion. Biodegradale retinal tacks are divided into 3 parts, a conical portion that is inserted into the sclera, a cylinder portion that remains in the vitreous, and a neck portion between the pin and the cylinder. The tapered conical end was manufactured to allow easy insertion through the retina and choroid into the sclera. A cylinder portion was manufactured with a tapered angle that fixes firmly into the orifice of 19 gauge spinal needle. A neck portion, 0.4 mm in diameter, was designed to prevent disinsertion from following implantation of retinal tack. The applicator was a 19 gauge spinal needle and its orifice was prepared to 15°angle to accept the tapered cylinder portion of the retinal tack. The retinal tacks, secured in the needles, were passed through the formed vitreous and inserted into the retina, choroid, and sclera and were released by pushing the internal needle, usually within 2-3mm of the medullary ray of the posterior rabbit retina A retinal tack was placed in each of 8 pigmented rabbit eyes. Slit-lamp biomicroscopy, indirect ophthalmoscopy and fundus photography were performed periodically from 1 day to 8 weeks after surgery. Eight eyes were enucleated and studied by light microscopy at 8 weeks. Biomicroscopic evaluation of the animals revealed edemas adjacent to the retinal surfaces immediately after insertion of the biodegradable retinal tacks in all the animals. These edemas disappeared after 1 week. The first noticeable change in the size of retinal tacks was shown after 2weeks. The size of the retinal tacks gradually got smaller, decreasing to about one-half at 4 weeks and about one-third at 8 weeks. All retinal tacks remained in inserted places without any movement for an 8 week period. On light microscopy, epiretinal proliferations were seen to extend into the vitreous cavity. Cellular capsules that lined the inner aspect of the scleral defect caused by tack insertion were found. However the adjacent retina had a normal cytologic appearance and architecture in all specimens. We manufactured a biodegradable retinal tack that is designed to prevent intrusion from implantation of retinal tacks. All biodegradable retinal tacks reduce in size with time, but no retinal tacks extruded from the inserted place. The newly designed biodegradable retinal tack can be used for retinal fixation and may be used as a vehicle for the introduction of pharmacologic agents to prevent the cellular events that promote proliferative vitreoretinopathy.

의료방사선관리의 국제화 연구 : 핵의학분야의 의료방사선관리

김인규,오헌진,김혁주,오현주,박기정,이광용,이병영,정승환,강영규,이현구,김귀야,한상용,김연교,양현규,이명철 식품의약품안전청 2001 식품의약품안전청 연보 Vol.5 No.-

의료방사선은 인간의 질병진료와 예밤에 활용되어 각종 질병으로부터의 적절한 진단 및 의학발전에 중대한 역할을 담당하고 띤다. 또한 인공방사선원중 가장 큰 비중을 차지하고 있으며, 방사선원을 이웅한 이득과 손실을 생각쌀 때 피폭선량의 최소화 및 곡률적영향의 최소화를 위해 이득을 최대화하는 노력을 하고 있다. 진단뿐만 아니라 치료에도 사응하고 있는 인공방사선원의 적절한 관리를 위한 조사 및 연구는 국내에서는 아픽까진 실시되지 않았으며, 국외에서는 이미 활발한 조사 덴 연구가 이루어 지 고 있다. 일반적으로 의료기관의 핵의학분야에서 환자의 진단 및 치료에 사용되는 방사성의약품으로는 Tc-99in, Ga-67, 1-131, 71-201 등이 있으며 이를 이용한 방사능측정웅장비 및 치료뭉장비에는 Gamma Camera, 감마선재측기, 베타선계측기, Dose CaTibrator, PET(양전자방출전산화단층촬영장치)등이 있다. 이어 식푿의약품안전청f"서는 핵의학분야의 방사선보건학적 연구를 위해 핵의학분야의 진료와 관련된 인력, 시설, 장비, 방사성의약품의 사응, 핵의학적 진료형태 및 핵의학적 진료장치에 대한 성능관리등에 대해 조사·연구하였다. A nationwide survey was conducted in the Korea in 2001 to determine the facilities available and the level of activity at centres where radionuclide and therapy was practised in 2000. A response rate of 75% indicated that 120 centres were providing radionuclide therapy and diagnosis. About the good treatment of radionuclide using in medical, researched so many country, but not yet in. Generally nuclear medical part use Tc-99m, Ga-67, I-131, Tl-201 in diagnosis and therapy, radiation detector and equipment for therapy use Gamma Camera, beta-counter, Dose Calibrator PET(Positron Emission Tomography). 81% rate of centre has Gamma Camera and 97% rate of use Tc-99m, I-131 radionuclide. In-vitro did more than in-vivo test absolutely. So in KFDA researched in unclear medical part in Man-Power, facilities, equipment use of nuclear medicine, part of diagnosis and diagnosis equipment.

국내육성 오차드그라스 품종들의 캘러스 형성율 및 식물체 재분화 효율

김기용,강경민,배은경,이인애,임용우,최기준,박근제,손대영,조진기 Plant molecular biology and biotechnology research 2003 Plant molecular biology and biotechnology research Vol.2003 No.-

Comparisons of callus formation ratios from seed explants, callus sizes, regeneration ratios from callus and regeneration efficiency for 4 orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) varieties (Three were developed in Korea and one was imported from foreign nation) are as follows; Jangbeol 102 (67.0%) has the highest callus formation ratio in 4 weeks incubated callus after bedding the seed explants, but Potomac (68.4%) has the highest ratio in 6-seek callus. Potomac (3.93cm) has the highest callus size in 4-week callus, but Jangbeol 101 (4.32cm) has the highest size in 6-week callus. Jangbeol 101 (17.7%) has the highest plant regeneration ratio in 4-week callus, but Potomac (37.4%) has the highest raion in 6-week callus. Jangbeol 102 (11.5%) has the highest plant regeneration efficiency in 4-week callus, but Potomac (25.6%) has the highest efficiency in 6-week callus.