Effects of In-Situ Annealed Buffer Layers in Oxygen Plasma on Properties of ZnO Epitaxial Layers Grown by Plasma-Assisted Molecular Beam Epitaxy

Min Su Kim,Do Yeob Kim,Ghun Sik Kim,Hyun Young Choi,Min Young Cho,Su Min Jeon,Kwang Gug Yim,Ji Hoon Kim,Dong-Yul Lee,Joo In Lee,Sung Dong Park,Eundo Kim,Myong Hyo Jung,Do-Weon Hwang,Jae-Young Leem 한국진공학회 2009 한국진공학회 학술발표회초록집 Vol.37 No.-

도심쇠퇴에 따른 지역주민에 도시재생사업 전략 도출

임광현(Kwang-Hyun, Yim),강상욱(Sang-Wook, Kang),백종인(Jong-In, Baek),반영운(Yong-Un, Ban) 한국지역개발학회 2016 한국지역개발학회 세미나 논문집 Vol.2016 No.1

Citizen Participation in Urban Regeneration on the voluntary participation is important because residents in the local population, reflect the views of important element of successful for Urban Regeneration One. These successful workshop to collect resident opinions for Urban Regeneration and various efforts, including educational and public hearings has taken place. However, such gathering of opinions are concentrated on opinions of its participants and even if there are residents focused on local regions a general promotion is insufficient collect various opinions. This research will collect various residents opinions through local survey and will understand the desired vision and the future prospects of the residents and will induce the business strategies of local urban regeneration. With the research method we composed 5 teams of 2 people as a survey investigation team and an in depth interview team. We surveyed 5 regions of Dang-jin city. As a result, many opinions were reduced, especially the future prospect about education, welfare, improvement of living standards were brought about. The Dang-jin city regeneration that started from 2014 was not known by most of the local residents. It is considered the survey and in-depth interviews contributed to an increase in interest about the local regions and promotions.

One-flow multi-step synthesis of a monomer as a precursor of thermal-conductive semiconductor packaging polymer via multi-phasic separation

Se-Jun Yim,Ki-Won Gyak,Sanket A. Kawale,Amirreza Mottafegh,Chae-Hyeon Park,Yoonseok Ko,In Kim,Sang Soo Jee,Dong-Pyo Kim 한국공업화학회 2023 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.123 No.-

As semiconductor technology becomes rapidly advanced, semiconductor packaging materials demandcritical characteristics in various aspects. Besides, the development of these new epoxy mold compounds(EMC) by batch reaction process requires time-consuming experimentation and the multi-step chemistryfurther reduces the efficiency of the synthetic process. We report a one-flow multi-step process for thesynthesis of newly developed Np-C4-Np, which comprises two mesogenic units connected with a flexiblespacer, as a monomeric precursor of semiconductor packaging material. Graphical convolution neuralnetwork (GCNN), a deep learning model, predicts a common solvent for three-step reactions, therebyenabling serial esterification-deprotection-epoxidation integrated with in-situ multi-phasic separationsthat were accomplished within 76 min in flow over the long batch process (>20 h excluding separationstep). Eventually, the Np-C4-Np is synthesized rapidly with higher space–time yield compared to thebatch system, thus confirming benefits in terms of productivity. Moreover, we prevent the deteriorationof electronic circuits during the semiconductor packaging process by lowering the molding temperature(126 C) of EMC and quickly dissipating the heat generated from semiconductor chip by increasing thethermal conductivity (0.34 W m1 K1) of EMC.

A Multicenter Cohort Study for the Evaluation of Tenofovir- Based Combination Therapy for Multi-Drug Resistant Chronic Hepatitis B: Real-Life Data

( Hyung Joon Yim ),( Sang Jun Suh ),( Young Kul Jung ),( Seong Gyu Hwang ),( Hana Park ),( Yeon Seok Seo ),( Soon Ho Um ),( Sae Hwan Lee ),( Young Seok Kim ),( Jae Young Jang ),( In Hee Kim ),( Hyoung 대한간학회 2017 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2017 No.1

Aims: Management of multidrug resistant (MDR) chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is still challenging. Although current guidelines recommend tenofovir (TDF) or TDF+entecavir (ETV) for MDR CHB, real-life data comparing various combinations based TDF and TDF+ETV are lacking. Herein, we report a multicenter cohort study for the evaluation of TDF-based therapy for MDR CHB. Methods: The inclusion criteria were CHB patients with resistance to more than 2 nucleos(t)ide analogues and hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA level over 200 IU/mL (or 1000 copies/mL). Patients with decompensated cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma were excluded. Primary end point was virologic response (VR) defined by undetectable HBV DNA at month 12. Secondary endpoints were VR at month 24 and 36. Results: A total of 230 patients were enrolled. Mean age of patients were 49 years and 77.4 % were male. Mean baseline HBV DNA level was 4.1 log IU/mL. 78 patients (34.0%) were resistant to L-nucleoside analogues (L-NA) and ADV. 75 patients (32.6%) were resistant to L-NA and ETV, and 67 patients (29.2%) were resistant to both ADV and ETV in addition to L-NA. Initial treatments for MDR CHB were TDF+ETV 1 mg (165, 71.7 %), TDF+ETV 0.5 mg (7, 3.0 %), TDF+lamivudine (9, 3.9 %), TDF+telbivudine (1, 0.4 %), and TDF monotherapy (34, 14.8 %). Virologic response rates of the whole cohort at month 12, month 24, and month 36 were 75.3%, 83.4 %, and 88.2 %, respectively. When we compared the virologic response rate in-between TDF+ETV 1 mg group, other combination group, and TDF monotherapy group, there was no difference among the groups (74.0 %, 83.3 %, and 76.9 %, respectively, P = 0.770) at month 12. TDF monotherapy was not inferior to any combination therapies. Result of data analysis at month 24 (82.7 %, 83.3 %, and 88.9 %, respectively, P = 0.920) and month 36 (89.0 %, 88.9 %, and 87.5 %, respectively, P = 0.592) showed the same trends. Conclusions: TDF based therapy was effective for the treatment of MDR CHB. The efficacy of TDF monotherapy did not differ from the TDF based combination therapies.

백서 소장 점막 이당류 분해 효소 순응에 대한 연구

임경욱(Kyong Wook Yim),고광철(Kwang Chul Koh),김유철(Yoo Chul Kim),임용철(Yong Chul Lim),이효석(Hyo Suk Lee),윤용범(Yong Bum Yoon),송인성(In Sung Song),김정룡(Chung Yong Kim) 대한내과학회 1988 대한내과학회지 Vol.35 No.1

N/A There is plenty of evidence that the intestinal disaccharidases such as sucrase and maltase are adaptive by their substrates. However the intestinal lactase adaptiveness is still controversial despite results which positively suggest its adaptiveness in young experimental animals. The authors designed the following experiment with six groups of adult Wistar rats, each of which consists of ten 210 g average adult rats, to investigate whether dietary lactose solutions would increase the intestinal lactase specific acitivity and to observe the effects of various dietary solutions on other intestinal enzyme specific activities at the same time. All of the animals were fed by standard rat chow ad libitum and the first group (control) was made to suck tap water the second group a 5% glucose solution, the third group a 10 sucrose solution, and the fourth, fifth, and sixth groups 5%-, 10%- and 15% lactose solutions respectively, also ad libitum as the fluid source for a six week period. At the end of the experiment, the small intestines were divided into three segments of equal length from the Treitz ligament to the terminal ileum, from each of which one tissue section was made and specific enzyme activities (lactase, sucrase, trehalase, alkaline phosphatase and aminopeptidase N) were assayed. The results were as follows: 1) There was no difference in mean body weight during the experimental period. (mean±S.D; 230±12.3) 2) No histological differences between the groups were noted in each of the three segments. 3) The intestinal trehalase, alkaline phosphatase, aminopeotidase N, and lactase, which was the key enzyme of this experiment, were not adapted by these experimental solutions. 4) The intestinal sucrase specitic activities, especially of the middle segment, from animals fed with 5% glucose, 10% sucrose, 10%-and 15%-lactose solutions, in- creased from a control group value of 41.8±18.4 to 72.1±15.1, 73.0±12.0, 71.3±24.9 and 66.4±11.0mu/mg protein (p<0.01 in all) respectively, confirming again its adaptiveness. We concluded that the intestinal lactase was not adapted by these 5-15% lactose solutions in six weeks, To the contrary, the sucrase was adapted by various carbohydrate solutions which suggested that the adaptation was substrate non-specific and was by local effect rather than distant hormonal or neural effects.

Differential Effects of Pioglitazone in the Hippocampal CA1 Region Following Transient Forebrain Ischemia in Low- and High-Fat Diet-Fed Gerbils.

Moon, Seung Myung,Choi, Goang-Min,Yoo, Dae Young,Jung, Hyo Young,Yim, Hee Sun,Kim, Dae Won,Hwang, In Koo,Cho, Byung Moon,Chang, In Bok,Cho, Sung-Min,Won, Moo-Ho Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers 2015 Neurochem Res Vol.40 No.5

<P>In the present study, we investigated the effects of pioglitazone (PGZ) in the hippocampal CA1 region of low- or high-fat diet (LFD or HFD) fed gerbils after transient forebrain ischemia. After 8 weeks of LFD or HFD feeding, PGZ (30 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally administered to the gerbils, following which ischemia was induced by occlusion of the bilateral common carotid arteries for 5 min. Administration of PGZ significantly reduced the ischemia-induced hyperactivity 1 day after ischemia/reperfusion in both LFD- and HFD-fed gerbils. At 4 days after ischemia/reperfusion, the neurons were significantly reduced and microglial activation was observed in the hippocampal CA1 region in LFD- and HFD-fed gerbils. The microglial activation was more prominent in the HFD-fed gerbils compared to the LFD-fed gerbils. Administration of PGZ ameliorated ischemia-induced neuronal death and microglial activation in the hippocampal CA1 region 4 days after ischemia/reperfusion in the LFD-fed gerbils, but not in the HFD-gerbils. At 6 h after ischemia/reperfusion, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interlukin-1β (IL-1β) levels were significantly increased in the hippocampal homogenates of LFD-fed group compared to control group, and HFD feeding further increased TNF-α and IL-1β levels. PGZ treatment significantly ameliorated the increase of TNF-α and IL-1β levels in LFD-fed gerbils, not in the HFD-fed gerbils. At 12 h after ischemia/reperfusion, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in hippocampal homogenates were significantly increased in the LFD-fed group compared to the control group, and HFD feeding significantly showed relatively reduction in SOD activity and increase in MDA level. PGZ administration significantly reduced the increase in MDA levels 12 h after ischemia/reperfusion in the LFD-fed gerbils, but not in the HFD-fed gerbils. These results suggest that PGZ ameliorates the neuronal damage induced by ischemia by maintaining the TNF-α, IL-1β, SOD and MDA levels in LFD-fed gerbils. In addition, HFD feeding affects the modulation of these parameters in the hippocampus after transient forebrain ischemia.</P>

The Role of gastro-intestinal endoscopy as an adjunct preoperative workup in Ovarian cancer patients

( In Ok Lee ),( Yeon Soo Jung ),( Sang Wun Kim ),( Eun Ji Nam ),( Sung Hoon Kim ),( Young Tae Kim ),( Ga Won Yim ) 대한산부인과학회 2012 대한산부인과학회 학술대회 Vol.99 No.-

Performing gastro-intestinal (GI) endoscopy as preoperative evaluation in gynecologic cancer has been a controversy. Postulations were published by gastroenterologist; however, reviews from Gynecologic oncologists are very rare. The aim of this study is to investigate the clinical value of endoscopies of GI system, specifically Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD), and Colonoscopy, as preoperative workup in ovarian cancer patients Retrospective record reviews of patients who were treated for primary ovarian cancer at Severance Hospital between Jan. 2006 and Jan. 2011 were done. Routine preoperative evaluation consists of several image work-ups including EGD and Colonoscopy. The detection rate of incidental benign and/or malignant findings on GI endoscopy was measured. Among 430 patients, sage I was 119 (27.7%), stage II was 29 (6.7%), stage III was 199 (46.3%) , and stage IV was 80 (19.3%). 28.8% of patients had undergone GI endoscopy per guideline prior to the baseline study for ovarian cancer. 15 patients who failed to finish colonoscopy, or skipped the procedure were excluded. Malignancy in EGD was detected in 3 patients (0.7%), while benign lesions including gastritis, ulcer were noted in 54 patients (12.5%). Primary colon cancer from colonoscopy was detected in 8 patients (1.9%), while metastatic malignancy from ovary or invasion was noted in 20 patients (4.6%). Benign lesions in colon including tubular adenoma, polyps were noted in 64 patients (14.8%). None of the patients had hereditary disease for colon or ovarian cancer. Although the detection rate of malignancy from preoperative screening GI endoscopies was not high, diagnostic rate of precancerous intestinal lesions such as tubular adenoma were meaningfully detected. Considering the fact that the most of ovarian cancer patients have not undergone routine health checkup prior to diagnosis, performing EGD and colonoscopy as preoperative workup may provide prompt screening of other primary malignancy.

Chronic type 2 diabetes reduces the integrity of the blood-brain barrier by reducing tight junction proteins in the hippocampus

YOO, Dae Young,YIM, Hee Sun,JUNG, Hyo Young,NAM, Sung Min,KIM, Jong Whi,CHOI, Jung Hoon,SEONG, Je Kyung,YOON, Yeo Sung,KIM, Dae Won,HWANG, In Koo The Japanese Society of Veterinary Science 2016 The Journal of veterinary medical science Vol.78 No.6

<P>In the present study, we investigated the effects of type 2 diabetes-induced hyperglycemia on the integrity of the blood–brain barrier and tight junction markers in the rat hippocampus. Forty-week-old diabetic (Zucker diabetic fatty, ZDF) rats and littermate control (Zucker lean control, ZLC) rats were used in this study. We evaluated the integrity of the blood–brain barrier by measuring sodium fluorescein extravasation and blood vessel ultrastructure. In addition, tight junction markers, such as zona occludens-1, occludin and claudin-5, were quantified by western blot analysis. ZDF rats showed significantly increased sodium fluorescein leakage in the hippocampus. Tight junction markers, such as occludin and claudin-5, were significantly decreased in the hippocampi of ZDF rats compared to those of ZLC rats. In addition, ZDF rats showed ultrastructural changes with phagocytic findings in the blood vessels. These results suggest that chronic untreated diabetes impairs the permeability of the hippocampal blood–brain barrier by down-regulating occludin and claudin-5, indicating that chronic untreated diabetes may cause hippocampus-dependent dysfunction.</P>

재무적 여력이 판매관리비의 하방경직성에 미치는 영향

임상균 ( Sang Giun Yim ),박진하 ( Jin Ha Park ),황인이 ( In Y Hwang ) 한국회계학회 2014 회계학연구 Vol.39 No.3

본 연구에서는 기업의 재무적 여력(financial slack)이 판매관리비 행태에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 재무적 여력은 고정비용으로 인한 재무적 위험을 낮추어 매출감소시에도 수익성 높은 기업자원을 유보하는 경향을 강화할 것이므로 이에 따라 판매관리비의 하방경직성이 강화될 것이다. 또한, 영업현금흐름의 변동성이 큰 기업은 투자재원의 제약으로 인해 자원을 확대하기 어려우므로, 매출감소시의 기업자원 축소는 성장기회를 놓치게 될 가능성을 높인다. 그러므로 영업현금흐름의 변동성이 높으면 판매관리비의 하방경직성은 강화될 것이다. 이상의 추론을 검증하여 다음과 같은 결과를 발견하였다. 첫째, 자산의 수익성이 높은 기업군에서 기초의 현금보유수준이 증가함에 따라 판매관리비의 하방경직성이 강화되었다. 둘째, 영업현금흐름의 변동성이 증가함에 따라 판매관리비의 하방경직성(cost stickiness)이 강화되었으며, 기초의 내부유보현금이 많은 기업군에서 이러한 관계는 더욱 현저하게 나타났다. 본 연구의 추가분석에서는 매출감소시에 기업자원을 처분하는 경향과 기업의 현금성자산 유보경향의 상관관계를 살펴보았다. 분석결과는 원가의 하방탄력성과 내부유보현금의 변화 사이에 양(+)의 상관관계가 있음을 밝혔는데, 자원을 처분하는 기업에서는 미래의 투자를 위해 현금성 자산을 유보하는 경향이 있음을 보여준다. 이러한 경향은 영업현금흐름 뿐만 아니라 재무현금흐름에서도 나타났으며, 기초의 내부유보현금이 적거나 자산의 수익률이 낮은 경우에 더욱 뚜렷하였다. 그간의 원가행태 연구에서는 재무적 의사결정과 기업자원의 관리의 상호연관성이 자세히 연구되지 않았다. 본 연구는 재무적 측면과 기업의 원가행태가 상호연관성을 보임으로써 회계문헌상에 공헌점을 가진다. This study examines the relationship between financial slack (cash holdings in order to make the planned investments) and selling, general, and administrative (SG&A) cost behavior. Since Anderson et al. (2003), many studies have found SG&A costs are sticky and investigated possible drivers of the asymmetric SG&A cost behavior. Those studies report that the adjustment cost of resources, managers` expectations of future sales, prior activity changes, and managerial incentives are major drivers of the asymmetric behavior in SG&A costs (Anderson et al. 2003; Banker et al. 2011). In addition, Banker et al. (2013a and 2013b) discuss the importance of managing slack resources from the viewpoint of each sticky cost driver. We extend the literature and examine financial slack as another source of asymmetric behavior in SG&A costs. Firms need capital to acquire and maintain corporate resources for operating activities. Thus, the financial slack of a firm could affect the firm`s decisions on operating resource management and hence its SG&A costs. When firms have a sufficiently large amount of cash holdings, they are less constrained in investment decisions and more capable of maintaining operating resources even in sales-decrease periods. Provided with higher resource productivity in particular, firms disposing of such productive resources in proportion to sales decrease may suffer more from opportunity costs of missing sales as demand rebounds in the next periods. Hence, in firms with large cash holdings, i.e., financial slack, managers are likely to maintain and utilize slack resources and SG&A costs more effectively. In addition to the size of cash holdings, the volatility of cash flow from operations ( CFO) could be another important financial characteristics that affect cost adjustment decisions. Cash flow created from operating activities is the most important source of capital for operating expenditures and investments (Tirole 2006; Mayer 1988). As the volatility of operating cash flow increases, there is a greater chance that a firm cannot timely increase its corporate resources when market demand increases. In other words, firms with high volatility in operating cash flow should be cautious in downward resource adjustment in response to sales decrease because they may not catch up on potential growth opportunities in the future. Based on Banker et al.`s (2012) prediction that allowing more slack resources is optimal when market environment is more uncertain, we examine whether or not firms with large volatility in operating cash flow maintain excess resources in SG&A activities. This study tests these conjectures using firms listed on the Korean Stock Exchange (KSE) or on the Korea Securities Dealers Automated Quotation (KOSDAQ). Our final sample consists of 10,747 firm-year observations from 2000 to 2012. We find that SG&A costs become stickier as the beginning balance of cash holdings increases. This result implies that financial slack helps to maintain excess resources in the adverse demand condition. Next, SG&A costs become stickier as the volatility of CFOincreases. The effect of the volatility of CFOis robust after controlling the volatility of revenues in the regression model. Interestingly, the result shows that the effect of the volatility of revenues is subsumed by the effect of the volatility of CFO. We also find that the positive association between the volatility of CFOand cost stickiness is salient when beginning cash holdings are large, which suggests that financial slack is helpful to maintain excess resources in periods of sales decrease. In additional tests, we examine how operating resource adjustment and financial slack management are associated by considering the productivity of slack resources. We first find that the change of cash holdings is positively related to the antistickiness of SG&A costs. When the change of cash holdings is divided into three parts (cash flows from operating, financing, and investing activities), both CFO and cash flow from financing activities ( CFF) are positively related to the antistickiness of SG&A costs. More importantly, we find that this relation is stronger for firms with low cash holdings or low return on assets. The results from our additional tests suggest that firms with low profitability or low financial slack reduce SG&A costs when sales decrease so that they can redirect the cost savings to build more financial slacks. This study has several contributions to the accounting and finance literature. First, extant studies on cost behavior have not studied the relation between financial characteristics and cost behavior. The literature on corporate finance provides evidence that financing activities can make critical impacts on operating decisions. This study fills the void in the accounting literature by documenting the effect of financial slack on cost behavior. Second, studies on financial slack, i.e. cash holdings, generally focus on the impact of cash holdings on future investments (e.g. Almeida et al. 2004; Fresard 2010; Faleye 2004; Campello et al. 2010). This research, in contrast, examines the role of financial slack on resource management decisions and finds the importance of cash holdings for maintaining current resources when sales decrease. Finally, this study shows that managers coordinate financial slack and operating resource slack managements as a whole in organization. We believe these points can help build a bridge among corporate finance and managerial accounting studies.

백서 소장점막의 부위별 Angiotensin Converting Enzyme의 효소 특이활성도차이에 대한 유전적 조절기전에 관한 연구

송인성(In Sung Song),최규완(Kyoo Wan Choi),김정룡(Chung Yong Kim),김재준(Jae Jun Kim),박중원(Joong won Park),윤병철(Byung Chul Yoon),정현채(Hyun Chae Chung),이풍렬(Poong Ryul Lee),임경욱(Kyoung Wook Yim),정숙향(Sook Hyang Chung),유 대한소화기학회 1993 대한소화기학회지 Vol.25 No.1

N/A Recent reports indicate that angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) in intestinal mucosa may be involved in protein digestion in vivo. The specific activities of intestinal ACE show regional difference. We performed this experiment to define the level of genetic regulation determining the regional difference of ACE specific activities by the relationship between ACE specific activities and ACE mRNA levels. Small intestines of 3 Wistar rats were removed and divided into 3 segments of equal length. Mucosal homogenate and brush border membrane (BBM) were prepared from scraped mucosa and ACE specific activities were measured in both samples by fluorometric method. Total RNA was extracted by guanidinium thiocyanate and isolated by Cesium chloride,ultracentrifugation. Each 6 ug of isolated RNA was transferred to nitrocellulose membrane by dot and slot apparatus. Northern hybridization with radiolabeled ACE 5 cDNA of mouse was performed and ACE mRNA was detected by autoradiography. The means of ACE specific ar.tivities (uM/ug protein/min) in harnogenate and BBM of proximal intestines were 23.4+- 4.8, 286.3+-80.6, in those of middle intestines were 21.3+-2.0, 211.0+-78.8 and those of distal intestines were 8.2+-1.9, 76.4+-10.7. The means of relative amounts of ACE mRNA in proximal, middle and distal intestines were 75%, 96% and 10% respectively. In linear regression analysis between ACE specific activities of BBM and relative amounts of ACE mRNA, R-value was 0.60 (p<0.05). We concluded that transcription was considered as the level of genetic regulation determining the regional difference of ACE specific activities.