지체․뇌병변 장애인의 평생교육 참여경험에 관한 현상학적 연구

송인애(Song, In Ae),오민석(O, Min-Suk) 학습자중심교과교육학회 2019 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.19 No.20

본 연구의 목적은 지체ㆍ뇌병변 장애인의 평생교육 참여경험과 본질적 의미를 탐색해보는 것이다. 연구방법으로는 Giorgi(1997)의 현상학적 방법을 사용하여 지체ㆍ뇌병변 장애인 5명을 대상으로 2019년 3월부터 6월까지 참여적 관찰과 심층 면담, 전화, 내러티브 기술지 등 다양한 질적 자료를 수집, 분석하였다. 연구결과 지체ㆍ뇌병변 장애인들의 평생교육 참여경험은 다음의 세 가지 국면을 띄고 있었다. 첫째, 배움을 통한 폭넓은 관계와 자존감 향상은, 자립으로 이어져 ‘내가 잘 살고 있구나“라 는 의미 있는 삶을 경험하였다. 둘째, 평생학습 참여에서 장애인에 대한 인식 부재,복지의 사각지대, 그리고 장애인에 대한 선 이해가 부족하여 불편함을 경험하였다. 이러한 경험 과정을 통해 장애인에 대한 인식개선 및 복지개선 그리고 장애인에 대한 이해가 선행되어야 함을 인식하는 계기가 마련되었다. 셋째, 지체ㆍ뇌병변 장애인의 평생교육 참여경험에서 드러난 본질적 의미는 삶의 질 향상이며, 제공기관 확 대와 프로그램의 다양성, 그리고 편의시설 제공 등을 통해 당사자의 욕구가 반영된 평생교육 참여를 기대하는 것으로 나타났다. 결국, 평생교육 참여는 그저 단순하게 지체ㆍ뇌병변 장애인에게 학습경험의 기회제공뿐만 아니라, 스스로 자신을 성장하 게 하고, 확장된 관계 형성 속에서 연대감을 느끼며 의미 있는 삶의 경험을 제공하였다. 나아가 이러한 긍정적인 경험은 또 다른 나눔으로 다른 장애인을 성장시키는 경험으로 이어졌으며, 장애인에 대한 인식개선과 복지개선, 그리고 장애와 장애인에 대한 올바른 이해와 함께 장애인과 비장애인이 함께 배우고 살아가는 공생사회를 기대한다. The purpose of this study is to find out the life-long education experience and essential meaning of people with disabilities such as physical disorder or brain lesion. As a method of research, various qualitative data such as participatory observations, in-depth interviews, telephone calls, and narrative writings were collected and analyzed using Giorgi (1997) s phenomenological method. Research has shown that the lifetime education experience of people with physical disorder or brain lesions had three aspects. First, extensive relationships and improved self-esteem through learning led to self-reliance and experienced a meaningful life of I m doing well. Second, the lack of awareness of the disabled, blind spot of welfare, and lack of prior understanding of the disabled in participation in lifelong learning has experienced discomfort. Through this experience process, it was necessary to recognize that awareness of the disabled, welfare improvement, and understanding of the disabled should precede. Third, it has been shown that the essential meaning shown in the experience of lifelong education by people with disabilities such as physical disorder or brain lesion is to improve the quality of life, and to expect participation in lifelong education that reflects the needs of the parties through the expansion of the provision institutions, diversity of programs and provision of amenities. Eventually, lifelong education participation not only provided opportunities for learning experiences to the disabled, but also made oneself grow up and provided a meaningful life experience, feeling a sense of solidarity in the formation of an expanded relationship. Furthermore, this positive experience has led to another experience of raising the disabled with sharing, and it has been shown to expect a symbiotic society in which disabled and non-disabled people learn and live together in the future through better awareness of the disabled, better welfare and a correct understanding of the disabled and disabled.

휴머니튜드 돌봄을 실천한 치매요양병원 간호사의 인식

송인실 ( Song In-sil ),송인애 ( Song In-ae ) 한국사회복지정책학회 2022 사회복지정책 Vol.49 No.1

치매노인의 증가와 더불어 간호사의 과업인 치매돌봄의 질적 향상을 위해, 휴머니튜드 돌봄을 실천한 간호사의 인식을 파악하고, 휴머니튜드 돌봄에 대한 기초자료를 제공하고자 하였다. 본 연구의 대상은 휴머니튜드가 시범적으로 실천된 I 광역시의 노인치매요양병원 간호사 3명이며, 질적 사례연구로 일대일 심층 면담을 수행하였다. 연구 결과 휴머니튜드 돌봄을 실천한 간호사들이 인식한 것은 휴머니튜드에서 제시하는 ‘자유, 평등, 우애’로 인간이 지녀야 할 기본적인 인권으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 간호사의 인식에 따른 치매돌봄 효과의 상호작용을 알 수 있었으며, 인권을 기반으로 하는 휴머니튜드 돌봄을 제시하고, 휴머니튜드 돌봄 방법을 구체적으로 제시했다는 데 의의가 있다. 사회복지정책 차원에서 휴머니튜드 돌봄의 도입과 전문인력 양성, 관련 종사자의 의무교육이 필요하며, 이는 신체적, 정신적 돌봄이 필요한 대상으로 확대되어야 한다. In order to improve the quality of dementia care, which is a task of nurses, along with the increase of the elderly with dementia, it was intended to identify the perception of nurses who practiced Humanitude care and provide basic data. The subjects of this study were three nurses at the Elderly Dementia Nursing Hospital in I Metropolitan City, where Humanitude was demonstrated, and in-depth one-on-one interviews were conducted as a qualitative case study. As a result of the study, what nurses who practiced Humanitude care recognized was the “liberty, equality, and fraternity” presented by Humanitude, indicating basic human rights that humans should have. This study shows the interaction of dementia care effects according to the perception of nurses and is meaningful in that it presents Humanitude care based on human rights and specifically presents Humanitude care methods. In terms of social welfare policy, the introduction of Humanitude care, training of professionals, and compulsory education of related workers are required, which should be expanded to those requiring physical and mental care.

Trend of Intensive Care Unit Admission in Neurology- Neurosurgery Adult Patients in South Korea : A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study

Saeyeon Kim,Tak Kyu Oh,In-Ae Song,Young-Tae Jeon 대한신경외과학회 2024 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.67 No.1

Objective : We aimed to examine trends in critically ill neurology-neurosurgery (NNS) patients who were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) in South Korea and identify risk factors for in-hospital mortality after ICU admission in NNS patients. Methods : This nationwide population-based retrospective cohort study enrolled adult NNS adult patients admitted to the ICU from 2010 to 2019 extracted from the National Health Insurance Service in South Korea. The critically ill NNS patients were defined as those whose main admission departments were neurology or neurosurgery at ICU admission. The number of ICU admission, age, and total cost for hospitalization from 2010 to 2019 in critically ill NNS patients were examined as trend information. Moreover, multivariable logistic regression modeling was used to identify risk factors for in-hospital mortality among critically ill NNS patients. Results : We included 845474 ICU admission cases for 679376 critically ill NNS patients in South Korea between January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2019. The total number of ICU admissions among NNS patients was 79522 in 2010, which increased to 91502 in 2019. The mean age rose from 62.8 years (standard deviation [SD], 15.6) in 2010 to 66.6 years (SD, 15.2) in 2019, and the average total cost for hospitalization per each patient consistently increased from 6206.1 USD (SD, 5218.5) in 2010 to 10745.4 USD (SD, 10917.4) in 2019. In-hospital mortality occurred in 75455 patients (8.9%). Risk factors strongly associated with increased in-hospital mortality were the usage of mechanical ventilator (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 19.83; 95% confidence interval [CI], 19.42–20.26; p<0.001), extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (aOR, 3.49; 95% CI, 2.42–5.02; p<0.001), and continuous renal replacement therapy (aOR, 6.47; 95% CI, 6.02–6.96; p<0.001). In addition, direct admission to ICU from the emergency room (aOR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.36–1.41; p<0.001) and brain cancer as the main diagnosis (aOR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.22–1.39; p<0.001) are also potential risk factors for increased in-hospital mortality. Conclusion : In South Korea, the number of ICU admissions increased among critically ill NNS patients from 2010 to 2019. The average age and total costs for hospitalization also increased. Some potential risk factors are found to increase in-hospital mortality among critically ill NNS patients.

A군 연쇄구균성 인두편도염 진단을 위한 두 종류 신속항원검사법의 비교

송승규,홍미애,오경창,안승인,태미현,신혜정,장진근,차성호,Song, Seung Kyu,Hong, Mi Ae,Oh, Kyung Chang,Ahn, Seung In,Tae, Mi Hyon,Shin, Hye Jung,Chang, Jin Keun,Cha, Sung Ho 대한소아청소년과학회 2002 Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics (CEP) Vol.45 No.8

목 적: A군 베타용혈성 연쇄구균은 급성 인두편도염의 원인이 되는 세균으로 류마티스성 열 및 사구체 신염과 같은 심각한 합병증을 유발할 수 있어 정확한 진단과 치료를 해야 하는 질병이다. A군 연쇄구균성 인두편도염은 증상만으로는 진단하기 어렵고, 가장 좋은 검사방법인 인두배양검사는 시간을 요하는 단점이 있다. 최근에 비교적 검사과정이 간단한 신속항원검사법을 이용할 수 있게 되었다. 이에 저자들은 두 종류의 신속항원검사법의 민감도와 특이도를 알아보고, 일치도를 평가하기 위해 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방 법: 2001년 11월부터 2002년 2월까지 한일병원 소아과 외래를 방문한 환자 중 인두의 발적과 부종, 인두의 삼출물, 인두의 점상 출혈이 있는 61명의 환자를 대상으로 인두배양검사와 신속항원검사를 시행하였다. 신속항원검사법은 BD $LINK2^{TM}$ Strep A(Becton, Dickinson & Company, U.S.A.)와 $QuickVue^{(R)}$ $In-LINK^{TM}$(Quidel Corporation, U.S.A.)를 사용하였다. 결 과 : 1) 61례의 검체 중 22례(36.1%)에서 인두배양검사상 A군 베타용혈성 연쇄구균이 배양되었다. 2) 집락수 1+는 2례(9.1%), 집락수 2+는 1례(4.5%), 집락수 3+는 10례(45.5%), 집락수 4+는 9례(40.9 %)로 배양되었다. 3) 인두배양검사에서 양성으로 나온 환자 중 3세에서 5세 사이가 14례(63.6%)로 본 연구에서 A군 연쇄구균성 인두편도염의 가장 흔한 연령층이었다. 4) 인두배양검사상 양성으로 나온 환자의 임상 증상 및 징후는 발열과 림프절 종대가 각각 18례(81.8%)에서 나타났고, 인두통 16례(72.7%), 구토 11례(50.0%), 성홍열양 피부발진 8례(36.4%), 두통 7례(31.8%), 복통 7례(31.8%), 딸기모양의 혀는 6례(27.7%)에서 관찰되었다. 5) 민감도는 BD $LINK2^{TM}$ Strep A가 81.8%(18례/22례), $QuickVue^{(R)}$ $In-LINK^{TM}$이 77.3%(17례/22례)이었다. 특이도는 BD $LINK2^{TM}$ Strep A가 89.7%(35례/39례), $QuickVue^{(R)}$ $In-LINK^{TM}$이 100%(39례/39례)이었다. 6) 양성 예측도는 BD $LINK2^{TM}$ Strep A가 81.8%, $QuickVue^{(R)}$ $In-Line^{TM}$이 100%이었다. 음성 예측도는 BD $LINK2^{TM}$ Strep A가 89.7%, $QuickVue^{(R)}$ In-Line$^{TM}$이 88.6%이었다. 7) 인두배양검사에 대한 BD $LINK2^{TM}$ Strep A의 k값은 0.72로 일치도 좋음을 보였고, $QuickVue^{(R)}$ $In-Line^{TM}$의 k값은 0.81로 일치도 아주 좋음을 나타냈다. 결 론 : 신속항원검사법인 BD $LINK2^{TM}$ Strep A와 $QuickVue^{(R)}$ $In-LINK^{TM}$은 민감도와 특이도, 일치도가 높을 뿐 아니라 신속하고 간편하게 결과를 알 수 있어서 인두배양검사와 병행하여 급성 인두편도염을 진단하고 치료하는데 많은 도움이 될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. Purpose : Recently, a number of rapid antigen detection tests have been available to diagnose group A streptococcal pharyngotonsillitis. The purpose of this study was to determine the sensitivity, specificity and consistency of the two rapid antigen detection tests. Methods : Among the patients who visited our clinic from November 2001 to February 2002, 61 patients who had clinical findings of pharyngeal erythema or edema, pharyngeal exudates and soft palatine petechiae were enrolled in our study. A total of 61 patients were tested with rapid antigen detection tests and throat culture. BD $LINK2^{TM}$ Strep A(Becton, Dickinson & Company, U.S.A.) and $QuickVue^{(R)}$ $In-Line^{TM}$(Quidel Corporation, U.S.A.) were selected for rapid antigen detection tests. Results : Of the 61 patients tested, 22 patients were confirmed as group A streptococcal pharyngotonsillitis by throat culture. The BD $LINK2^{TM}$ Strep A had a sensitivity of 81.8% and a specificity 89.7%. The positive and negative predictive values were 81.8% and 89.7%, respectively. The $QuickVue^{(R)}$ $In-Line^{TM}$ had a sensitivity of 77.3% and a specificity of 100%. The positive and negative predictive values were 100% and 88.6%, respectively. The kappa values of BD $LINK2^{TM}$ Strep A and $QuickVue^{(R)}$ $In-Line^{TM}$ were 0.72 and 0.81, respectively. Conclusion : In addition to high sensitivity, specificity and consistency, both kits are easy to use and simple to interpret, and therefore have the potential to be used with backup throat culture for diagnosis of acute pharyngotonsillitis.

행복론 관점에서 본 현대 소비문화의 특성에 대한 비판적 검토

송인숙(Song, In SooK),천경희(Chun, Kyung Hee),윤여임(Youn, Yeo Im),윤명애(Youn, Myung Ae),남유진(Nam, You Jin) 한국소비문화학회 2012 소비문화연구 Vol.15 No.1

본 연구는 행복에 관한 문헌을 통하여 행복의 본질에 대하여 이해하고, 수많은 행복론에서 제시하는 ‘어떻게 하면 더 행복한가’ 라는 행복의 원리를 기초로 현대 소비문화를 비판적으로 살펴보고자 하였다. 즉 행복론에 대한 기존 문헌 리뷰를 통해 ‘더 행복해지려면 어떻게 해야 하는가’를 정리하고 그에 비추어 현대 소비사회의 특성을 논의함으로써 현대 소비사회에서 더 행복하려면 어떻게 살아야 하는지를 탐색하고 향후 소비문화의 바람직한 방향을 모색하고자 하였다. 연구결과, 행복은 인구사회학적인 외부적 요인보다는 내적태도와 같은 내부적 요인이 더 크다는 것을 확인하고, 행복을 증진할 수 있는 내적 태도를 중심으로 감사하기, 용서하기, 최적주의, 욕망의 자기조절, 쾌락과 의미균형, 내적집중, 자기초월, 타인과의 관계만족이라는 8가지의 행복증진원리를 찾아내었다. 현대 소비사회의 특성과 문제점을 이들 행복증진원리에 근거하여 논의하고 이들 원리를 염두에 두고 소비생활을 하는 것이 좀 더 행복하다는 것을 제안하였다. 본 연구는 사람들이 어떻게 하면 행복할까를 고민했던 일반적인 행복론을 검토해서 공통적인 행복의 원리를 찾아내고 이를 소비생활과 연관시켜 소비문화의 방향점을 찾아보았다는 데 그 의의가 있다. This paper contains more in-depth understanding about the nature of happiness through critically reviewing modern consumption culture based on the principle of happiness presented in eudemonics - How to live happier. Through reviewing previous literature, extracting key factors to become happier and discussing characteristics of modern society, the research proposes ways that consumption culture should be developed. Noticing that internal factors such as one’s attitude influence more on one’s happiness than external demographic factors, we discovered 8 happiness-enhancing principles - to be thankful, to forgive, to optimize, to control one’s desire, to balance between pleasure and meaning, to focus on one’s inside, to self-transcendence, and to satisfy relationships with others. Based on these principles phenomenon and problems of modern consumer society is discussed, resulting in that laying the principles in one’s mind lead to a happier life. Initially motivated from seeking common factors of happiness, this study is significant in that it established happiness-enhancing principles from reviewing general Eudemonics, and showed possible direction points of modern consumer society by correlating these principles with consumption culture.

대인관계성향 검사의 타당화 연구 (Ⅰ)

송인섭,박애선,신은영 숙명여자대학교 학생생활지도연구소 1999 學生生活硏究 Vol.21 No.-

본 연구는 자기자신의 대인관계특성을 이해하기 위하여 대인관계성향검사를 제작하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위하여 주로 남녀 대학생들을 지역별로 표집하여 수집된 자료를 예비검사(N=343) 하였다. 본 검사는 전국의 10개지역의 4년제 대학교와 전문대학의 남녀 대학생을 대상으로 하였고 최종 분석대상은 1531명이었다. 본 연구는 예비연구를 통하여 대인관계성향의 개념을 형성하는 차원을 요인분석을 통한 구인타당도와 내용타당도를 검증함으로써 대인관계성향 검사를 제작하였다. 최종검사의 문항은 요인분석 결과 8개 차원 91문항으로 나타났다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the construct validity of the interpersonal relations scale developed by factor analysis. The subjects of the pre- study were 343 college or university student randomly sampled and assigned. The subjects of main study were 1531 female and male college students and junior college students the 10 regions through out the country. Interpersonal Relations Disposition (IRDS) consists of 8 areas, there are Role disposition ares and Expressive areas - These major areas are further divided into eight sub-areas there are : Initiative - comformative, independant - non independant, responsibility - non responsibility, superiority - inferiority, agressive - non agressive, empathy - non empathy, mis trust - trust, competition - non competition.

LETTER TO THE EDITOR : Native valve endocarditis due to extended spectrum b-lactamase producing Klebsiella pneumoniae

( Hyun Ae Jung ),( Young Eun Ha ),( Da Min Kim ),( Ji Hyun Park ),( Cheol In Kang ),( Doo Ryeon Chung ),( Seung Woo Park ),( Ki Ik Sung ),( Jae Hoon Song ),( Kyong Ran Peck ) 대한내과학회 2014 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.29 No.3

Klebsiella species are common pathogensthat cause community-onsetand hospital-acquired pneumonia,intra-abdominal infections, andbloodstream infections. Infective endocarditisdue to Klebsiella species israre, accounting for less than 1% ofcases, and is frequently accompaniedby complications and a high in-hospitalmortality rate [1]. Moreover, withthe emergence of extended-spectrumb-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae,endocarditis due toESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumonia(ESBL-KP) is of concern due to thelimited treatment options and notoriouslyhigh morbidity and mortality. Hospitalization is a significant riskfactor for bloodstream infections dueto ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae,but no cases of health-care-associatednative valve endocarditis causedby ESBL-KP have been reported. Here,we report a case of health-care-associatedinfective endocarditis due toESBL-KP with multiple metastaticinfectious complications, and discussthe optimal treatment strategies.

감초추출물 첨가량을 달리하여 제조한 기능성 머핀의 관능적·기계적 특성

김용선,최희숙,우인애,송태희 한국조리과학회 2004 한국식품조리과학회지 Vol.20 No.1

The sensory and mechanical characteristics of muffin using different levels(0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100%) of Glycyrrhizae radix extract were investigated. The lightness of crust and crumb of the muffins were significantly(p〈0.05) decreased, but the redness was increased with increasing content of Glycyrrhizae radix extract. The mechanical texture parameters, such as hardness, gumminess and chewiness, were significantly(p〈0.05) low in the groups with 40~80% Glycyrrhizae radix extract. With regard to the sensory evaluation, a brown crust, yellow crumbs, surface roughness, Glycyrrhizae radix flavor, roasted nutty taste, sweetness, bitterness and springiness of the muffins were significantly increases with increasing content of Glycyrrhizae radix extract. However, the hardness was significantly(p〈0.05) low without the addition of Glycyrrhizae radix extract, the overall acceptability was excellent in the group with the addition of 60% Glycyrrhizae radix extract. As a result, with the addition of Glycyrrhizae radix extract to the muffin, the sensory and mechanical properties were improved therefore, Glycyrrhizae radix extract could be prepared as a useful functional additive to sugar free muffins.

Pair Fed 흰쥐에 있어서 녹차의 항증체, 지질개선 및 항산화 효과

강정애(Kang Jung Ae),채인숙(Chae In Sook),송영보(Song Yong Bo),강정숙(Kang Jung Sook) 韓國營養學會 2008 Journal of Nutrition and Health Vol.41 No.7

본 연구에서 pair feeding함으로서 사료 섭취량이 체중이나 지단백 대사에 미칠 요인을 제거한 상태에서 녹차분말이나 녹차추출물이 갖는 항 비만효과나 지질 강하효과를 비교조사하였다. 녹차분말이나 추출물에서 증체 억제효과를 보였는데 이는 녹차성분이 소장에서의 지방흡수를 억제하거나 지방산화를 촉진하고 대사율을 올려 열량소비를 증가시킨다는 기존 연구결과와 이해를 같이 하는데, 예비실험에서 사료섭취량 자체가 억제됨을 감안 할 때 녹차 추출물이나 분말의 항비만 효과에 대해서 긍정적이다. 본 연구에서 녹차 추출물의 높은 콜레스테롤 흡수 억제력에도 불구하고 녹차의 콜레스테롤 강하효과는 나타나지 않았는데 이는 체 콜레스테롤 pool size에 강한 homeostasis 기질이 작용한 것이라고 생각할 수 있다. 식이 콜레스테롤과 지방의 흡수억제에 있어서 녹차분말과 녹차 추출물의 장내 유용성과 체 콜레스테롤의 합성과 담즙 생성에 있어서 EGCG를 포함한 차 카테킨 작용기전을 이해하기 위해서 보다 많은 연구가 필요하리라 생각된다. 녹차 분말과 추출물은 항산화 지표에도 정도에 다소 차이가 있으나 긍정적인 효과를 보였는데 녹차 카테킨은 수용성으로 bioavailability가 비교적 높은 polyphenol계 항산화 물질로서 녹차 잎의 건조중량 50% 이상이 카테킨이고 이중 80% 이상이 catechin gallate 형태로 강한 항산화 효력을 지닌 것으로 나타나 있다. 노화를 활성산소에 의한 세포의 손상과정이라 볼 때 식품으로서 녹차는 매우 중요한 입지에 있다. 차로 마시는 녹차의 섭취방법에서 분말이나 추출물로 섭취방법을 다양화하고 있는데 분말과 추출물의 영양적 효과를 비교해 볼 때 유리 (free)된 카테킨 형태로 추출물이 유리할 수 있지만 녹차분말이 식품으로서의 높은 선호도와 함께 HDL-콜레스테롤을 증가시키는 효과가 있다면 분말차의 섭취도 좋은 방법이다. 음료로서 따져 볼 때 일회 분량 2 g의 녹차를 3회 우려 마시는 경우 이로부터 섭취할 수 있는 항산화물질은 EGCG기준으로 109~147 ㎎정도이고 이를 비타민 C로 환산하는 경우 142~168 ㎎이다.31) 천연의 항산화 물질을 자연스럽게 섭취하는 방법으로서 차의 음용을 생활화하는 것은 비만이나 퇴행성 또는 노화관련 질환의 예방차원에서 바람직하리라 본다. We compared antiobese, hypocholesterolemic, antiplatelet and antioxidant effect of 10% green tea powder and 3% green tea extract in rats pair fed 5% cholesterol diets. The final body weight was decreased significantly compared with the control (p < 0.05). Plasma and liver total cholesterol were lower in group of green tea powder or extract, but not statistically different. HDL cholesterol was increased significantly in group of green tea powder compared with the control or green tea extract (p << 0.05). Plasma triglyceride was significantly decreased in group of green tea extract compared with green tea powder, and green tea powder compared with the control respectively (p < 0.05). Liver triglyceride was significantly decreased in group of green tea powder or green tea extract compared with the control (p < 0.01). Platelet aggregations in the maximum and initial slope were not different among groups. Hemolysis was significantly lower in group of green tea powder compared with the control (p < 0.05). Plasma TBARS production was decreased in group of green tea extract compared with the control (p < 0.05). Na passive leak in intact cells was not different, but Na leak in AAPH treated cell was significantly decreased in group of green tea powder than the control (p < 0.05). The leak increase (△Na Leak) after AAPH treatment was significantly decreased in groups of green tea powder and extract compared with the control (p < 0.05). Isotope excretion after ¹⁴C-cholesterol ingestion was significantly increased in group of green tea extract compared with the control or the green tea powder (p < 0.05). Consumption of green tea in powder or extract may give beneficial effects in weight control and plasma lipid profiles, impeding metabolic syndrome. More studies are needed to clarify what component of green tea and what mechanism are involved in antiobese and hypolipedemic actions of green tea.

Clinical Outcomes of Endoscopic Hemostasis for Bleeding in Patients with Unresectable Advanced Gastric Cancer

Song, In Ji,Kim, Hyun Ju,Lee, Ji Ae,Park, Jun Chul,Shin, Sung Kwan,Lee, Sang Kil,Lee, Yong Chan,Chung, Hyunsoo The Korean Gastric Cancer Association 2017 Journal of gastric cancer Vol.17 No.4

Purpose: Bleeding is one of the most serious complications of advanced gastric cancer (AGC) and is associated with a poor prognosis. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes of endoscopic hemostasis for bleeding in patients with unresectable AGC. Materials and Methods: This study included 106 patients with bleeding associated with gastric cancer who had undergone endoscopic hemostasis between January 2010 and December 2013. Clinical characteristics, treatment outcomes, including rates of successful endoscopic hemostasis and rebleeding, risk factors for rebleeding, and overall survival (OS) were investigated. Results: Successful initial hemostasis was achieved in 83% of patients. Rebleeding occurred in 28.3% of patients within 30 days. The median OS after initial hemostasis was lower in patients with rebleeding than in those without rebleeding (2.7 and 3.9 months, respectively, P=0.02). There were no significant differences in disease status and rebleeding rates among patients with partial response or stable disease (n=4), progressive disease (n=64), and first diagnosis of disease (n=38). Univariate and multivariate analyses (P=0.038 and 0.034, respectively) revealed that transfusion of ${\geq}5$ units of RBCs was a significant risk factor for rebleeding. Conclusions: Despite favorable success rates of endoscopic hemostasis for bleeding associated with gastric cancer, the 30-day rebleeding rate was 28.3% and the median OS was significantly lower in patients with rebleeding than in those without rebleeding. Massive transfusion (${\geq}5$ units of RBCs) was the only significant risk factor for rebleeding. Patients with bleeding associated with AGC who have undergone massive transfusion should be observed closely following endoscopic hemostasis. Further research on approaches to reduce rebleeding rate and prevent death is needed.