2013 Monster Typhoon Haiyan and the Anatomy of Disaster in Tacloban, Leyte

Imee V. Necesito,JMicah Lourdes A. Felix,Sangman Jeong 한국방재학회 2014 한국방재학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2014 No.-

Super Typhoon Haiyan which is known as super typhoon Yolanda in the Philippines, the 24th typhoon to hit the country in 2013, is the world’s ‘most devastating typhoon to make a landfall’ in the entire human history. It struck the middle region of the Philippines killing thousands of people and causing billions of pesos worth of economic damages and losses. Tacloban, the capital of the province of Leyte which is approximately 360 miles southeast of Manila and is the largest city in the Eastern Visayas gaining the title of a highly urbanized city, was drastically damaged mainly due to storm surge flooding. The exceptional vulnerability of Tacloban was identified to be due to four reasons: the city’s large population, degree of urbanization, geographical location and last but not the least, its weak coastal areas. Worldwide Fund for Nature (WWF) Philippines assessed the disaster preparedness of 12 cities in the Philippines including Tacloban. Several aspects are to be considered including Tacloban’s environmental and socio-economic exposure as well as its adaptive capacity towards catastrophic threats like Haiyan. This paper aims to provide better visualization on how danger-prone areas like Tacloban should act in anticipation of occurrence of extreme weather events. Development of strategies will also be tackled in relation to the development of disaster response

Development of Multivariate Flood Damage Function for Flood Damage Assessment in Gunsan City, Korea

Imee V. Necesito,Tae Sung Cheong,Insang Yu,Sangman Jeong 한국방재학회 2015 한국방재학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.14 No.-

From 2004 to 2013, Korea has experienced a total of 174 flood disasters and has a total estimated cost of USD 7.32 billion. However, reports showed that the total expenditure of the government amounted to 1.4 times the estimated losses and damages and the private companies have spent twice the said estimated amount. To summarize, the post-disaster loss and damage reports showed underestimated values. In this regard, the National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA), the government institution designated to assess and analyze the damages and losses as well as evaluate the disaster risks of the said areas in accordance to their disaster risk management plans, are now developing a new estimating method for damages and losses. This study aims to develop flood damage functions that will estimate the flood damages of Gunsan City based on the building type: residential, commercial and agricultural facilities, by utilizing the Ordinary Least Squares Regression and later on, the Geographically Weighted Regression. The model building process includes flood depth, flood duration, inundated area, family income and land price as the parameter variables. Due to normality issue, the datasets were transformed through Box-Cox Method. Both Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) Regression and Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) were evaluated in this study, but the search for ‘best fit’ resulted to the use of GWR.

Semi-parametric Geographically Weighted Regression Modelling for Flood Damage Assessment

Imee V. Necesito,Tae Sung Cheong,Insang Yu,Sangman Jeong 한국방재학회 2016 Journal of Disaster Management Vol.1 No.3

Climate change has been a global issue since the 19th century. The increase in rainfall variability, which covers the increase in the earth’s total precipitation, will definitely lead to frequent and more severe flood disasters. As the damage increases year after year with floods as the most costly disaster among these hazards, Korea has to improve its technological responses and countermeasures. This study aims to develop a semi-parametric geographically weighted regression which can estimate a flood damage of Gunsan City. The model include parameters like flood depth, flood damage, flood duration, inundated area, family income and land price. This study collects flood depths, flood duration from GIS based flood inundation map and flood damages of local buildings from damages report collected by local government after flooding on August, 2012 in Gunsan City. Flood damage estimation of residential, commercial and agricultural facilities was done by Ordinary Least Squares and Geographically Weighted Regression using collected data. Considering the building and GIS-based spatial information, flood damage by GWR is more appropriate than OLS.

Analysis on Rainwater Harvesting System as a Source of Non-Potable Water for Flood Mitigation in Metro Manila

Imee V. Necesito,Micah Lourdes A. Felix,Lee-Hyung Kim,Tae Sung Cheong,Sangman Jeong 한국습지학회 2013 한국습지학회지 Vol.15 No.2

전 세계 적으로 발생하고 있는 국지성 집중호우, 가뭄, 혹서, 태풍, 해수면 상승 등과 같은 징후는 기후변화가 진행되고 있음을 보여준다. 이러한 기후변화로 인해 일정빈도이상의 과도한 강우가 발생하면 필리핀의 마닐라는 높은 도시화와 홍 수에 취약한 구조 때문에 홍수피해가 빈번하게 발생한다. 마닐라의 홍수조절 기능 및 생활용수 공급은 Angat댐을 통해서 만 관리되기 때문에 홍수방지와 원활한 물공급을 위해 가정용우수저류시설은 최적의 대체자원이 될 수 있다. 가정용우수 저류시설에 의해 공급되는 물은 여과 및 살균과 같은 수처리 과정을 거쳐 식수로 사용될 수 있으며 수처리 과정을 거치 지 않은 잡용수는 세정, 세차, 청소 등의 목적으로 사용할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 다양한 기후조건을 적용하여 가정용우 수저류시설의 잠재가용량과 잠재가용성을 결정하기 위해 마닐라에 위치한 5개 강우관측소에서 갈수해, 평수해, 강수해로 구분하여 강우자료를 수집하였다. 필리핀은 대부분의 지역이 도시화되어 과도한 강우 발생시 많은 양의 우수가 발생되었 으며 본 연구의 결과를 통해 가정용우수저류시설의 사용은 잡용수의 대체자원으로서 적절한 대안이 될 것으로 판단된다.

Semi-parametric Geographically Weighted Regression Modelling for Flood Damage Assessment in Gunsan City, Korea

Imee V. Necesito,Tae Sung Cheong,Insang Yu,Sangman Jeong 한국방재학회 2015 한국방재학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.14 No.-

Climate change has been a global issue since the 19th century. The increase in rainfall variability, which covers the increase in the earth’s total precipitation, will definitely lead to frequent and more severe flood disasters. As the damage increases year after year with floods as the most chronic and costly disaster among these hazards, Korea has to improve its technological responses and countermeasures to better visualize the hazards brought about by such disasters. Gunsan City ranked number eight in the country’s most susceptible region to floods. From 2004 to 2013, Korea has experienced a total of 174 flood disasters which were estimated to cost USD 7.32 billion. But reports showed that the total expenditure of the government amounted to 1.4 times the estimated losses and damages and the private companies have spent twice the said estimated amount. To summarize, the post-disaster loss and damage reports showed underestimated values. This study aims to develop a semi-parametric geographically weighted regression which can implement a flood damage estimation model of Gunsan City. The model building process include parameters like flood depth, flood duration, inundated area, family income and land price. The datasets are composed of both untransformed and transformed data (using Box-Cox Method). Both Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) Regression and Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) were evaluated in this study, but the search for best fit resulted to the use of GWR.

2013 MONSTER TYPHOON: HAIYAN

Imee V. Necesito 한국방재학회 2014 한국방재학회지 Vol.14 No.1

Recent Philippine Flood Disasters: 2009 Typhoon Ondoy and Pepeng

Imee V,Necesito,Insang Yu,Sangman Jeong 한국방재학회 2016 Journal of Disaster Management Vol.1 No.1

Abstract Natural disasters are out of control phenomena that continue to devastate even the most advanced countries in the world. Flood disaster is one of the most serious natural hazards for human societies which cause damages to properties as well as loss of human lives. A country, such as the Philippines, which is bounded by limited funds, is most likely to have a public outcry in times of catastrophes like intense floods. This paper examines the impacts of the 2009 Ondoy and Pepeng flood in view of the Philippines’ productive and social sectors as well as presents a glimpse on the economic conditions of the urban and rural poor communities and how they survived the hazards of the said catastrophes amid limited support from the government and other institutions. Data from the studies funded by the different institutions both local and international were used in order to evaluate the damages and losses on the economic and social perspective of the country during the said two catastrophic events. This assessment, backed up by previous actual observations, will help the government and civil society groups to refine and apply different recovery and reconstruction strategies for the benefit of the entire country. Abstract Natural disasters are out of control phenomena that continue to devastate even the most advanced countries in the world. Flood disaster is one of the most serious natural hazards for human societies which cause damages to properties as well as loss of human lives. A country, such as the Philippines, which is bounded by limited funds, is most likely to have a public outcry in times of catastrophes like intense floods. This paper examines the impacts of the 2009 Ondoy and Pepeng flood in view of the Philippines’ productive and social sectors as well as presents a glimpse on the economic conditions of the urban and rural poor communities and how they survived the hazards of the said catastrophes amid limited support from the government and other institutions. Data from the studies funded by the different institutions both local and international were used in order to evaluate the damages and losses on the economic and social perspective of the country during the said two catastrophic events. This assessment, backed up by previous actual observations, will help the government and civil society groups to refine and apply different recovery and reconstruction strategies for the benefit of the entire country.

2013 MONSTER TYPHOON: HAIYAN

Nesesito, Imee V. Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation 2014 한국방재학회지 Vol.14 No.1

Application of Principal Component Analysis in the Evaluation of the Damages Incurred by Ondoy and Perpeng’s Lash to Philippines

Necesito, Imee V,유인상,정상만 한국방재학회 2014 한국방재학회논문집 Vol.14 No.4

One of the adverse impacts of climate change is excessive rainfall patterns, most of the time creating flood disasters. Flood disaster isone of the most serious natural hazards for human societies which cause damages to properties as well as loss of human lives thus creatinggreat impacts on the economic status of the state. A country, such as the Philippines, which is bounded by limited funds, is mostlikely to have a public outcry in times of catastrophes like intense floods. This paper examines the impacts of the 2009 Ondoy andPepeng flood as well as used principal component analysis to derive components that were capable of explaining the 79.38% of thetotal variance in the flood damage. Data from the studies funded by the different institutions both local and international were used inorder to evaluate the damages and losses on the economic and social perspective of the country during the said two catastrophicevents.

문헌분석을 통한 동아시아 습지 변화 요인 및 영향 분석 연구

유영훈(Younghoon Yoo),아이미(Imee V. Necesito),이하늘(Haneul Lee),김경훈(Kyunghun Kim),이준형(Junhyeong Lee),김형수(Hung Soo Kim) 한국습지학회 2021 한국습지학회지 Vol.23 No.3

습지는 습지를 구성하는 내·외부적 환경으로부터 끊임없이 영향을 받으면서 크고 작은 변화를 겪는다. 람사르 등록 습지의 약 15%가 위치하고 있는 동아시아 지역은 다양한 습지 유형, 생물 다양성 등으로 매우 보존가치가 높은 지역이지만, 기후변화 등의 요인으로 습지 면적의 감소, 생물 다양성 훼손 등의 문제가 제기되고 있다. 이를 완화하고 습지의 지속적인 관리를 위해서는 습지의 변화 요인을 파악하고, 각 요인이 어떤 영향을 미치는지 분석할 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는동아시아 지역의 습지관련 문헌분석을 통해 습지의 변화에 영향을 주는 요인을 도출하고, 영향 요인별 관계를 분석하여향후 습지 변화요인을 고려한 연구방향을 제시하였다. 대부분의 동아시아 지역 국가는 직접적인 요인 내 추출 요인과간접적인 요인 내 물-에너지 인프라, 관광/레저 요인에 대한 연구가 부족하였다. 또한 각 요인 간 연결성 및 관계 분석결과와 Ramsar에서 제시한 요인 간 관계표를 통해 추가적인 연구에 대한 방향을 제시하였다. 본 연구를 통해 얻은 결과들은 동아시아 지역의 연구개발 협력체계 구축, 습지 관리 역량 강화 등에 기여할 것으로 판단된다. Wetlands are constantly affected by internal and external environments that make up the wetlands, and these effects make wetlands change. East Asia countries where about 15% of Ramsar s registered wetlands are located, is valuable conservation area due to various wetland types and biodiversity. However, due to climate change and other factors, the total area of wetlands has been reduced and biodiversity have been damaged. To mitigate these problems and to manage wetlands efficiently, it is important to identify the factors that change wetlands and to identify how each factor affects them. In this study, we conducted a wetland-related literature analysis in East Asia to derive factors that affect the changes in wetlands, and analyzed the relationships among the factors. Finally we presented research directions considering wetland change factors. In most of the East Asia countries, it was found that there is deficiency in research studies about extraction in direct factors and water-energy infrastructure, tourism & recreation in indirect factors. Also, we presented the necessity for future research using the result between connectivity & relationship analysis and indirect drivers of change and their influence on direct drivers of change. The results of this study could contribute to the establishment of an R&D cooperation system in East Asia region and strengthen wetland management.