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Influence of Hexaconazole on Biochemical Constituents of Groundnut
I. Johnson,T. Marimuthu,R. Samiyappan,Byeongjin Cha(차병진) 한국농약과학회 2008 농약과학회지 Vol.12 No.4
In this study, hexaconazolc 5% SC, an ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitor, was tested on groundnut with its recommended (500 mL ㏊<SUP>-1</SUP>) and higher (2,000 mL ㏊<SUP>-1</SUP>) concentrations under greenhouse conditions in India. Its influcnce on biochemical constitucnts of groundnut plants was assessed apart from its disease management potential against late leaf spot caused by Phaeoisariopsis personata (Berk and Curt). Likewise, leaf samples were collected from hexaconazole 5% SC-sprayed plants at different time intervals. Thereafter, their analyses showed considerable differences in the plant constituents, such as chlorophyll, soluble protein, and total phenol contents and the activity of nitrate reductase enzyme. The induction activity of defense-related enzyme, peroxidase, was also analyzed. However, no difference was observed in the isozymic pattern. Moreover, the ground kernels collected from treated plants also showed no difference in the estimated carbohydrate and other constituents.
Johnson, R.P.,Uthaman, S.,Augustine, R.,Zhang, Y.,Jin, H.,Choi, C.I.,Park, I.K.,Kim, I. Elsevier 2017 Reactive & functional polymers Vol.119 No.-
Zwitterionic hybrid block copolymer based nanocarriers are ideal candidates for drug delivery applications due the higher resistance to nonspecific protein adsorption in complex media compared to nonionic polymers. Especially, zwitterionic poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) p(MPC) based nanocarriers can maintain its stability during circulation in complex media, such as serum. Thus, a series of bioreducible and pH-responsive zwitterionic/amphiphilic block copolymers, poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine)<SUB>50</SUB>-block-poly(l-aspartic acid)<SUB>n</SUB> (p(MPC)<SUB>50</SUB>-b-p(AA)<SUB>n</SUB>) (n=10, 25, 50, 75), bearing a degradable disulfide linker have been synthesized and exploited as dual-stimuli-responsive drug delivery vehicle of the chemotherapeutic drug, doxorubicin (Dox). Dox was successfully loaded into uniform vesicles (~100nm) fabricated from p(MPC)<SUB>50</SUB>-b-p(AA)<SUB>n</SUB> and the release performance was investigated under different pH conditions and with a range of concentrations of the reducing agent, 1,4-dithiothreitol (DTT). At physiological conditions, increasing concentrations of DTT resulted in faster Dox release from vesicles. Dox release at elevated DTT concentrations was more effective at pH5.5 than at pH7.5. Blank vesicles were non-toxic over a wide concentration range when tested in normal cell lines (0.01-100μg/mL). Vesicles efficiently encapsulated Dox and the dual stimuli-responsive disassembly results demonstrated controlled and sustained release of Dox tin 4T1 cancer cells to confer dose-dependent cytotoxicity. Thus, the bioreducible and pH sensitive vesicles appear to be a promising theranostic platform for drug delivery applications.
Farré,, Marta,Kim, Jaebum,Proskuryakova, Anastasia A.,Zhang, Yang,Kulemzina, Anastasia I.,Li, Qiye,Zhou, Yang,Xiong, Yingqi,Johnson, Jennifer L.,Perelman, Polina L.,Johnson, Warren E.,Warren, We Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press 2019 Genome research Vol.29 No.4
<P>The role of chromosome rearrangements in driving evolution has been a long-standing question of evolutionary biology. Here we focused on ruminants as a model to assess how rearrangements may have contributed to the evolution of gene regulation. Using reconstructed ancestral karyotypes of Cetartiodactyls, Ruminants, Pecorans, and Bovids, we traced patterns of gross chromosome changes. We found that the lineage leading to the ruminant ancestor after the split from other cetartiodactyls was characterized by mostly intrachromosomal changes, whereas the lineage leading to the pecoran ancestor (including all livestock ruminants) included multiple interchromosomal changes. We observed that the liver cell putative enhancers in the ruminant evolutionary breakpoint regions are highly enriched for DNA sequences under selective constraint acting on lineage-specific transposable elements (TEs) and a set of 25 specific transcription factor (TF) binding motifs associated with recently active TEs. Coupled with gene expression data, we found that genes near ruminant breakpoint regions exhibit more divergent expression profiles among species, particularly in cattle, which is consistent with the phylogenetic origin of these breakpoint regions. This divergence was significantly greater in genes with enhancers that contain at least one of the 25 specific TF binding motifs and located near bovidae-to-cattle lineage breakpoint regions. Taken together, by combining ancestral karyotype reconstructions with analysis of <I>cis</I> regulatory element and gene expression evolution, our work demonstrated that lineage-specific regulatory elements colocalized with gross chromosome rearrangements may have provided valuable functional modifications that helped to shape ruminant evolution.</P>
Enhanced Multiple Exciton Generation in PbS|CdS Janus-like Heterostructured Nanocrystals
Kroupa, Daniel M.,Pach, Gregory F.,Vö,rö,s, Má,rton,Giberti, Federico,Chernomordik, Boris D.,Crisp, Ryan W.,Nozik, Arthur J.,Johnson, Justin C.,Singh, Rohan,Klimov, Victor I.,Galli, American Chemical Society 2018 ACS NANO Vol.12 No.10
<P>Generating multiple excitons by a single high-energy photon is a promising third-generation solar energy conversion strategy. We demonstrate that multiple exciton generation (MEG) in PbS|CdS Janus-like heteronanostructures is enhanced over that of single-component and core/shell nanocrystal architectures, with an onset close to two times the PbS band gap. We attribute the enhanced MEG to the asymmetric nature of the heteronanostructure that results in an increase in the effective Coulomb interaction that drives MEG and a reduction of the competing hot exciton cooling rate. Slowed cooling occurs through effective trapping of hot-holes by a manifold of valence band interfacial states having both PbS and CdS character, as evidenced by photoluminescence studies and <I>ab initio</I> calculations. Using transient photocurrent spectroscopy, we find that the MEG characteristics of the individual nanostructures are maintained in conductive arrays and demonstrate that these quasi-spherical PbS|CdS nanocrystals can be incorporated as the main absorber layer in functional solid-state solar cell architectures. Finally, based upon our analysis, we provide design rules for the next generation of engineered nanocrystals to further improve the MEG characteristics.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>
X-ray detections of submillimetre galaxies: active galactic nuclei versus starburst contribution
Johnson, S. P.,Wilson, G. W.,Wang, Q. D.,Williams, C. C.,Scott, K. S.,Yun, M. S.,Pope, A.,Lowenthal, J.,Aretxaga, I.,Hughes, D. Oxford University Press 2013 Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Vol.431 No.1
Field emission properties of self-assembled silicon nanostructures formed by electron beam annealing
S. Johnson,A. Markwitz,M. Rudolphi,H. Baumann,S.P. Oei,K.B.K. Teo,W.I. Milne 한국물리학회 2006 Current Applied Physics Vol.6 No.3
Arrays of silicon nanostructures on n- and p-type silicon (100) substrates were fabricated using electron beam annealing of untreated silicon at 1100 C. Following annealing for 15 s, the nanostructures exhibit an average height of 8 ± 1 nm and a surface density of 11 lm2, independent of the substrate conduction type. Following annealing for 600 s the individual nanostructures coalesce and the surface appears roughened with an rms roughness of 30 nm. The field emission properties of these nanostructure arrays have been assessed and electron emission through Fowler–Nordheim tunnelling was confirmed. The difference in threshold field for electron emission from the nanostructured and roughened substrates is related to the geometrical differences between the substrate surfaces. At large electric fields, space charge limited conduction dominates the field emission characteristics of the nanostructured surface.