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Hagyoul Bae,Hyunjun Choi,Sungwoo Jun,Chunhyung Jo,Yun Hyeok Kim,Jun Seok Hwang,Jaeyeop Ahn,Oh, Saeroonter,Jong-Uk Bae,Sung-Jin Choi,Dae Hwan Kim,Dong Myong Kim IEEE 2013 IEEE electron device letters Vol.34 No.12
<P>We report a novel technique for simultaneous extraction of subgap donor- and acceptor-like density of states [g<SUB>D</SUB>(E) and g<SUB>A</SUB>(E)] over the subgap energy range (E<SUB>V</SUB> <;E<;E<SUB>C</SUB>) using a single-scan monochromatic photonic capacitance-voltage technique in n-channel amorphous indium-gallium-zinc-oxide thin-film transistors. In the proposed technique, we applied two different equivalent circuit models for the photoresponsive carriers excited from g<SUB>D</SUB>(E) and g<SUB>A</SUB>(E) under depletion (V<SUB>GS</SUB> <; V<SUB>FB</SUB>) and accumulation (V<SUB>GS</SUB> <; V<SUB>FB</SUB>) bias by employing a sub-bandgap optical source that includes a relation between photon energy (E<SUB>ph</SUB>) and bandgap energy (E<SUB>g</SUB>) as h<SUB>v</SUB> = E<SUB>ph</SUB> <; E<SUB>g</SUB>.</P>
모빌리티 산업의 경쟁 지형을 고려한 디지털 전환 추진 전략 연구
윤정섭(Jungsub Yoon),김석관(Seok-Kwan Kim),전지은(Jieun Jeon),박현준(Hyunjun Park) 과학기술정책연구원 2021 정책연구 Vol.- No.-
This study aims to propose policies for the emerging industry in consideration of the competitive landscape of the mobility industry, where the industrial ecosystem is rapidly changing. Firms in the mobility industry can be largely divided into traditional car-makers, digital-based firms, and mobility service firms. Promotion policies for digital transformation are derived according to the policy needs of each type of firm. The analysis of this study focused on ① the automobile industry at the technology-firm-industry level, ② the digital transformation policy for the mobility industry, and ③ the needs of the mobility industry. First, as a result of the industrial ecosystem analysis, this study addresses that the digitalization of traditional car-makers is very urgent in the process of changing the industrial structure centered on electric vehicles and future cars due to electrification and autonomous driving in the traditional automobile industry. In particular, the autonomous driving sector, which is the core of the future automobile industry, is shifting mainly to start-ups, but in the case of the domestic automobile industry, its competitiveness is declining due to its high dependence on OEM firms. Next, as a result of analyzing the evolution of technology, it is unveiled that the transition to electric vehicles was initiated in 2014, and it was confirmed that electric vehicles are at the beginning of the growth phase in the technology life cycle. Turning to the analysis of the representative firm of each type, Hyundai Motor, Tesla, and Uber, most of them are growing in a direction that invades each others territory. Hyundai Motor had pursued closed ecosystem, but after the industrial transition, it has tried to form an open ecosystem, whereas Tesla gradually shifted to a closed ecosystem. Furthermore, we found that Uber has pursued an open ecosystem as a limitation of service firms. Next, as a result of analyzing mobility industry support and digital transformation policies, major countries were focusing on the transition to zero-emission vehicles, while the United States and China are spurring autonomous driving technology innovation. In Korea, the mobility industry policy is being promoted by the Ministry of Trade, industry and Energy, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, and the Ministry of Environment. From the interview of experts in each type of firm, we derived several difficulties and needs which is necessary for the successful digital transformation in the mobility industry. First, the regulation related to new technologies has not been fully legitimated. In addition, due to the significances of digital experts, firms are hard to hire new digital experts who is required for digitalization. Even if firms tried to contribute to digitalization pursued by the government, they may fail due to the lack of the common data platform. In addition, mobility infrastructure such as charging station and cities should be designed for the introduction of next-generation mobility. Lastly, they considered that the government should manage the education curriculum for nurturing experts for data analysis and actively expand the employment support business to solve the wage problem of professional manpower. Finally, this study proposes five policies in response to the transformation of the industrial ecosystem and the policy needs required by firms. First, it is necessary to form a support organization to clarify new industrial technology regulations and review laws and systems. Second, the infrastructure to support the development of new industries should be expanded. Third, a system to support industrial technology development in the long term should be implemented. Fourth, the data platform for inter-firm cooperation needs to be standardized. Lastly, it is necessary to operate a program to support the human resources for new industry transformation and foster professional workers. The
Lee, Boreum,Lee, Hyunjun,Kim, Sehwa,Cho, Hyun-Seok,Cho, Won-Chul,Jeon, Byong-Hun,Kim, Chang-Hee,Lim, Hankwon Elsevier 2019 ENERGY Vol.182 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Economic uncertainty analysis of employing a membrane reactor (MR) equipped with H<SUB>2</SUB>O separation membranes for a synthetic natural gas (SNG) production as simultaneous power-to-gas and CO<SUB>2</SUB> utilization technologies was carried out. Based on previously reported reaction kinetics, process simulation models were created for a conventional packed-bed reactor (PBR) and an MR. Deterministic economic analysis showed the unit SNG production cost of 1.67 $ kgSNG<SUP>−1</SUP> in an MR compared to 1.82 $ kgSNG<SUP>−1</SUP> in a PBR for a SNG production capacity of 1000 kg d<SUP>−1</SUP>, showing about 8% cost reductions in the MR. From sensitivity analysis, raw material and labor were identified as the key economic factors to affect a unit SNG production cost for all cases studied. Stochastic economic analysis using a Monte-Carlo simulation method provided better insights for economic-uncertainty associated with premature technology like a SNG production in an MR using H<SUB>2</SUB>O separation membranes by presenting a wide range of SNG production costs and their probability.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> A H<SUB>2</SUB>O permeable membrane reactor (MR) was proposed to improve SNG yield. </LI> <LI> Deterministic and stochastic economic analysis for SNG production were performed. </LI> <LI> For industrial-scale plant, the MR showed about 8% cost saving of a unit SNG cost. </LI> <LI> Uncertainty analysis presented a wide range of a unit cost from 1.01 to 2.28 $ kg<SUP>−1</SUP>. </LI> </UL> </P>
Kwon, Young-Do,Kang, Shinwoo,Park, Hyunjun,Cheong, Il-koo,Chang, Keun-A,Lee, Sang-Yoon,Jung, Jae Ho,Lee, Byung Chul,Lim, Seok Tae,Kim, Hee-Kwon Elsevier 2018 European journal of medicinal chemistry Vol.159 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Translocator protein (TSPO) is an interesting biological target because TSPO overexpression is associated with microglial activation caused by neuronal damage or neuroinflammation, and these activated microglia are involved in several central nervous system diseases. Herein, novel fluorinated ligands (<B>14a–c</B> and <B>16a–c</B>) based on a 2-phenylpyrazolo[1,5-<I>a</I>]pyrimidin-3-yl acetamide scaffold were synthesized, and <I>in vitro</I> characterization of each of the novel ligands was performed to elucidate structure activity relationships. All of the newly synthesized ligands displayed nano-molar affinity for TSPO. Particularly, an <I>in vitro</I> affinity study suggests that 2-(5,7-diethyl-2-(4-(3-fluoro-2-methylpropoxy)phenyl)pyrazolo[1,5-<I>a</I>]pyrimidin-3-yl)-<I>N,N</I>-diethylacetamide (<B>14a</B>), which exhibited high nano-molar affinity for TSPO and proper lipophilicity, was suitable for <I>in vivo</I> brain studies. Thus, radiosynthesis from tosylate precursor <B>13a</B> using fluorine-18 was performed, and [<SUP>18</SUP>F]<B>14a</B> was obtained in a 31% radiochemical yield (decay-corrected). Dynamic positron emission tomography (PET) imaging studies were performed in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation rat model using [<SUP>18</SUP>F]<B>14a</B> to identify the location of inflammation in the brain with a high target-to-background signal ratio. In addition, we validated that the locations of inflammatory lesions found by PET imaging were consistent with the locations observed by histological examination of dissected brains using antibodies. These results suggest that [<SUP>18</SUP>F]<B>14a</B> is a novel promising PET imaging agent for diagnosing neuroinflammation, and it may also prove to be applicable for diagnosing other diseases, including cancers associated with altered TSPO expression, using PET techniques.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> New TSPO ligands with pyrazolopyrimidine core were synthesized. </LI> <LI> <I>K</I> <SUB>i</SUB> value of <B>14a</B> was 3.12 nM. </LI> <LI> <I>In vivo</I> PET imaging of [<SUP>18</SUP>F]<B>14a</B> showed its high uptake in neuroinflammatory region. </LI> <LI> Immunohistochemical study confirmed selective binding of [<SUP>18</SUP>F]<B>14a.</B> </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>