연령에 따른 한국인의 음향지표 변화와 특성

김형태,조승호,윤성문,선동일,김민식 대한이비인후과학회 2000 대한이비인후과학회지 두경부외과학 Vol.43 No.1

탄산가스 농도 변화가 팽이 버섯 재배에 미치는 영향

윤형식 외 한국버섯학회 2010 한국버섯학회지 Vol.8 No.3

팽이버섯 병재배에서 재배사 내의 탄산가스 농도를 조절하여 소비자 요구에 맞는 버섯을 안정적으로 생산하고, 생육과 수확에 관련하여 적정기준 설정을 위해 실험을 수행한 결과이다. 공시균주 특성 값을 종합해보면 탄산가스 농도가 높아지면 초발이소요일수, 생육일수, 수확일수는 증가하는 경향이고, 백색계열보다 갈색계열이 탄산가스 농도에 상관없이 초발이소요일수, 생육일수, 수확일수가 전체적으로 짧으며, ASI 4103 균주와 같이 균주의 유전적 형질이 재배적 특성에 많은 영향을 주는 것으로 판단된다. 병당 수량성은 균주에 따라 처리농도에 따른 증감의 차이는 있으나, 전반적으로 탄산가스 농도가 높아지면 수확량은 감소하였다. 개체중은 균주에 따라 약간씩 차이는 있으나 대체적으로 탄산가스 농도가 증가하면서 약간씩 감소하는 경향이다. 병당 개체수에서는 균주간의 차이가 커서 탄산가스 농도 증가에 따른 일정한 경향을 확인 할 수 없었다. 자실체의 수분함량은 균주에 따라 약간의 차이는 있으나 탄산가스 농도의 증가에 따라 수분함량이 감소되었다. This study was performed to determine the optimal concentration of carbon dioxide, which effects mushroom growth and yield. It was shown that the periods for fruiting initiation, growth and harvest of Flammulina velutipes were increased when the CO₂ concentration was raised. In general, those characteristics were less affected in brown strains than in white ones. Especially brown strain ASI4103 was susceptible to changes in CO₂ concentration. Yields per bottle and individual mushroom weight also decreased in most strains when CO₂ levels increased. We were unable to designate any tendency in the number of fruiting bodies due to the large variation within each respective strain. Finally, water contents in the fruiting bodies were found to decline under high CO₂ concentrations.

수박 종자에서 Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes subsp. citrulli의 분리를 위한 선택배지

金炯武,李光植 全北大學校 1993 論文集 Vol.36 No.-

A semiselctive agar medium(PSC) was developed for the isolation of Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes subsp. citrulli(Ps.c.) from watermelon seed. The medium contains following per liter : 20g proteose peptone #3, 5.0㎖ glycerol, 1.5g K2HPO4, 1.5g MgSO47H2O, 15g agar, 1㎎ ampicillin, 100㎎ cycloheximide 1㎖ 1.5% bromthymol blue, 1㎖ 1.0% methyl violet and 1㎎ vancomycin. Colonies of Ps.c. were 3-4㎜ in diameter, smooth, round, slight convext, dark green(lighter margin) and glistening after 5 days at 39C on the PSC medium. The recovery of 10 strains including ATTC type 29625, on PSC medium in comparison to KB ranged from 93% to 105%(mean 97.8%). Reduction in seed flora of 10 watermelon seed lots on PSC medium was 97.2%. Recovery of Ps.c. added to watermelon seed ranged from 91.3% to 103.4%(mean 96.7%).

랫드에서 인체 재조합 적혈구 조혈인자, rHuEPO의 13주 정맥투여 아만성독성에 관한 연구

김형식,곽승준,천선아,박현선,한하수,임소영,안미영,김원배,김병문,안병옥,홍성렬,이병무 성균관대학교 약학연구소 1998 成均藥硏論文集 Vol.10 No.1

A recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) was administered intravenously at dosage levels of 0, 100, 500, and 2500 IU/㎏/day for a period of 13 weeks. There were no observed clinical signs and deaths related to treatment in all groups tested. Decreases in body weight gain and food consumption were observed only in males of 2,500 IU/㎏ group after 2 weeks. In hematological parameters, erythrocyte content, hematocrit values and hemoglobin concentration were dose-dependently increased in rHuEPO treated groups. The ratio between kidney weight and whole body weight was significantly increased in females of 500 and 2,500 IU/㎏ groups. The spleen weight was also increased in both sexes of 500 and 2,500 IU/㎏ groups. However, the absolute weight change of other organs was not observed. In histopathological examinations, the renal tubular basophilia was observed only in males and females of 2,500 IU/㎏ groups. From these results, it is concluded that the no-observed adverse effect level(NOAEL) of rHuEPO is 100 IU/㎏ in rats in the present study.

總輸膽管 結紮術후 Hepatic Glycogen 變化에 관한 形態學的 硏究

李亨周,李永浩,朴景蘭,金源式 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1991 충남의대잡지 Vol.18 No.1

For the study on the changes of hepatic glycogen after common bile duct ligation, Sprague -Dawley rats (b.w. 250± 20gm, male) were used as experimental animal. In expermental group, at 3hrs, 6hrs, 9hrs, 12hrs, 24hrs, 48hrs, 72hrs, 96hrs, and 120hrs after ligation, the common bile duct at the point of about 1cm proximal portion from its duodenal opening, the liver specimens were collected under ether anesthesia. Simple laparotomy was performed in control rats. After fixation, the specimens were sectioned 5㎛ thickness and stained with Periodic Acid Schiff, and observed under light microscope. Also, transmission electron microscopic photos were obtained with H-7000(Hitachi Co.) TEM. The results were as followings: 1. PAS reactions were changed into negative 6hours after common bile duct ligation. 2. Glycogen depletion after common bile duct ligation was closely related with functional lobule, but not in simple laparotomized rats. 3. In the common bile duct ligated rats, PAS negativity continued in the zone I until 120hours after ligation.

고시치카제오라이트에 의한 아민류의 흡착평형특성

이성식,김형준,최정균 동아대학교 공과대학부설 생산기술연구소 1998 生産技術硏究所硏究論文集 Vol.3 No.1

Liquid phase adsorption equilibria of amines in aqueous solution onto high silica zeolite pellets(HSZ) experimentally determined by use of a batch bottle technique at 298K. The data for HSZ / amines system was fit to 4 isotherm equations to determine an optimum equation. The best equation for the amine adsorption isotherms onto HSZ is the Freundlich isotherm. The products k·n of the Freundlich constant increase with the boiling point T_B, molecular volume V_m and dissociation constant pK_a of amines.

우리나라 文書管理制度에 關한 一般的 考察 : Filing System의 問題意識을 中心으로

金馨植 이화여자대학교 법정대학 비서학과 1982 비서학연구 Vol.- No.2

The purpose of this paper is to study the practice and performance of filing systems exercised currently by business corporations in Korea with reference to the problems of efficiency, organization and paperwork which is essential for effective management operations in the office. To this aim, questionnaires were given to 400 business corporations covering domestic and foreign firms in Seoul. A random sampling of 365 was evaluated. A brief summary of the results is as follows: 1. With rapid economic growth in the past decade. today's business corporations are playing a vital role in the rapid transition to industrialization, and in the process of which our corporations appear to have grown enough to stand up against international competition in the world market. However, it used to be true, even only a decade ago, that large companies' executives as a whole wuold certainly not have thought of any problems arising out of filing and records management. Today, as our corporations grow in the form of modern businesses, the filing system has become an important management operation throughout the country, and executives have to deal with a variety of information, most of which is generated outside the company. Many of our corporations have turned out to be modern establishments to the extent that they have installed the latest large-scale plants and equipment so as to enable them to take advantage of the merits of volume production. Nevertheless, it is a widely accepted fact that despite the progress made on physical expansion, the administrative and management side has not been able to keep pace with the physical progress and has lagged behind owing to a lack of operating experience and managerial techniques in modern management. As a result, the organized filing system in our business society has not been improved. 2. According to the survey, it was revealed that as the problem of communication within business corporations is recognized to be one of the major problems in a highly sophisticated society, great emphasis has been placed on the improvement of the filing system by organizing and controlling files and records managemengt as an integral part of overall rationalization of management operations. The survey also indicates that most corporations, both domestic and foreign alike expressed the urgent need for improvement, of which the bigger the firm the more serious the expression was made, especially in the case of domestic companies. Domestic companies as a whole pointed out a number difficulties such as a lack of systematic filing systems and procedures, ignorance of the basic knowledge of practices, propensity to hoard and not destroy invalid records, shortage of filing cabinets, narrow space in the office room, etc. However, it should be noted at this juncture that there are certain differences between domestic and foreign firms in their expression of difficulties. For example, the former stresses the shortage of cabinets wheras the latter is concerned about not destroying invalid records. 3. The survey shows that, in the case of domestic firms, the importance of systematic filing and records management is widely recognized and accepted in some degree by the executives of most large firms, but they are reluctant to take necessary action, as insisted by clerical workers, because it would incur additional expenses and be a tedious, time consuming task. Therefore, it was concluded that unless an executive makes up his mind to solve the communications problem completely and to confirm whether or not the present system is suitable for the job, the company would have to gamble on guess work without useful information at hand. The time alone that is lost by looking for improperly stored records may cost a company much money. Regardless of the size of company, a standardized filing system should be introduced, (if necessary, step by step) and practices shuld be based on research and be suited to meet the needs of the company in consultation with a professional consultant, because the practice of copying another company's filing system for similar records in their own company is not suitable in some cases and many other technical factors should be taken into account. 4. According to the survey, standardized paper sizes and uniform writing patterns in the business community as a whole, including government groups, should be made as a first step toward the social goal of efficient management throughout our society. In orther to do this, it is desirous for the government to take the initiative to provide the business community with uniform paper sizes and writing patterns similar to those of western countries in collaboration with research institutes, business circles and others. Furthermore, one factor hindering our filing system as pointed out in the survey is the multi-staged approval system, a system peculiar to our business community. This system implies that documents are subject to interim officers review, which often means that it most pass more than half a dozen checkers before they get the final approval of the top manager. This system is time-consuming, and unnecessary paperwork is generated which stems from not delegating responsibilities to subordinates. Finally, it should be kept in mind that even though a filing system is installed it can not be managed without trained personnel. Therefore, the system must be led by a competent administrator and be staffed with trained clerks who understand the full importance of records management. And the community as a whole should cooperate to improve our present filing system and to provide more opportunities to train clerical workers for the betterment of our business society.

Angiotensin Ⅱ 수용체 선택적 길항제 Losartan이 Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat 적출 대동맥의 수축에 미치는 영향

김춘식,한형수,김중영 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1994 慶北醫大誌 Vol.35 No.4

목적 : SHR의 장간막을 적출하여 장간막 혈관 관류를 시켰을 때 losartan을 2주간 처치한 군에서 대조군에 비해 norepinephrine을 투여하여 나타나는 관류압의 상승에 대한 전기자극에 의한 관류압의 비가 감소되어 나타났다. 이러한 현상의 원인을 검정하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : SHR의 적출 대동맥에 90분 동안 losartan을 처치하였을 때 처치전후에 phenylephrine과 KCl에 의한 수축력의 차이를 비교하였다. 결과 : losartan 처치로 수축력이 감소됨을 확인하였다. 또 내피세포를 가진 대동맥 절편이 내피를 제거한 절편보다 수축력의 감소가 더 현저하게 나타내었다. 한편 losartan에 의한 수축력 감소 현상은 2주간 ACEI인 enalapril을 식수에 타서 먹인 경우에는 나타나지 않았다. 결론 : losartan에 의해 KCl이나 phenylephrine에 의한 수축력이 감소하는 것은 혈관에 존재하는 RAS 특히 angiotensin Ⅱ의 다른 수축제의 작용을 증가시키는 작용이 차단됨에 따른 것임을 짐작할 수 있었다. 또 내피세포를 가진 대동맥 절편이 내피세포 제거한 절편에서보다 losartan에 의한 수축력 감소를 더 현저히 보이는 현상은 내피세포가 losartan의 영향을 받아 생긴 것으로 사료된다. The perfusion pressure ratio, electrical field stimulation(40 V, 5 msec, 40 ㎐, 30 sec)-induced pressure change/norepinephrine(10^-5M, 15 ㎖)-induced pressure change, in isolated mesenteric bed was evaluated. Losartan-treated (30 ㎎/㎏/day, 2 weeks) SHR showed decreased perfusion pressure ratio compared with control. To evaluate the cause of the decrease in perfusion pressure ratio we used isolated aorta. Incubation with losartan (10^-4M, 90 min) decreased the contractile response induced by phenylephrine(10^-7M) and KCI(50 mM) and the decreased response was not shown in enalapril treated(5 ㎎/㎏/day, 2 weeks) SHR. The decreased contractile response by losartan was more prominent in endothelium intact strip and less remarkable in denuded strip. From these results we can assume that losartan decreased the contractile response by eliminating local renin angiotensin system, particularly in the endothelium of aorta and therefore by reducing the contraction amplifying effect of angiotensin Ⅱ.

우리나라 文書管理制度에 關한 一般的 考察 : Filing System의 問題意識을 中心으로

金馨植 이화여자대학교 한국문화연구원 1981 韓國文化硏究院 論叢 Vol.37 No.-

The purpose of this is to study the practice and performance of filing systems exercised currently by business corporations in Korea with reference to the problems of efficiency, organization and paperwork which is essential for effective management operations in the office. To this aim, questionnaires were given to 400 business corporations covering domestic and foreign firms in Seoul. A random sampling of 365 was evaluated. A brief summary of the results is as follows : 1. With rapid economic growth in the past decade, today's business corporations are playing a vital role in the rapid transition to industrialization, and in the process of which our corporations appear to have grown enough to stand up against international competition in the world market. However, it used to be true, even only a decade ago, that large companies' executives as a whole would certainly not have thought of any problems arising out of filing and records management. Today, as our corporations grow in the form of modern businesses, the filing system has became an important management operation throughout the country, and executives have to deal with a wide variety of information, most of which is generated outside the company. Many of our corporations have turned out to be modern establishment to the extent that they have installed the latest large-scale plants and equipment so as to enable them to take advantage of the merits of volume production. Nevertheless, it is a widely accepted fact that despite the progress made on physical expansion, the administrative and management side has not been able to keep pace with the physical progress and has lagged behind owing to a lack of operating experience and managerial techniques in modern management. As a result, the organized filing system in our business society has not been improved. 2. According to the survey, it was revealed that as the problem of communication within business corporations is recognized to be one of the major problems in a highly sophisticated society, great emphasis has been placed on the improvement as an integral part of overall rationalization of management operations. The survey also indicates that most corporations, both domestic and foreign alike expressed the urgent need for improvement, of which the bigger the film the more serious the expression was made, especially in the case of domestic companies. Domestic companies as a whole pointed out a number of difficulties such as a lack of systematic filing systems and procedures, ignorance of the basic knowledge of practices, propensity to hoard and not destroy invalid records, shortage of filing cabinets, narrow space in the office room, etc. However, it should be noted at this juncture that there are certain differences between domestic and foreign firms in their expression of difficulties. For example, the former stresses the shortage of cabinets whereas the latter is concerned about not destroying invalid records. 3. The survey shows that, in the case of domestic firms, the importance of systematic filing and records management is widely recognized and accepted in some degree by the executives of most large firms, but they are reluctant to take necessary action, as insisted by clerical workers, because it would incur additional expenses and be a tedious, time consuming task. Therefore, it was concluded that unless an executive makes up his mind to solve the communications problem completely and to confirm whether or nor the present system is suitable for the job, the company would have to gamble on guess work without useful information at hand. The time alone that is lost by looking for improperly stored records may cost a company much money. Regardless of the size of company, a standardized filing system should be introduced, (if necessary, step by step) and practices should be based on research and be suited to meet the needs of the company in consultation with a professional consultant, because the practice of copying another company's filing system for similar records in their own company is not suitable in some cases and many other technical factors should be taken into account. 4. According to the survey, standardized paper sizes and uniform writing patterns in the business community as a whole, including government groups, should be made as a first step toward the social goal of efficient management throughout our society. In order to do this, it is desirous for the government to take the initiative to provide the business community with uniform paper sizes and writing patterns similar to those of western countries in collaboration with research institutes, business circles and others. Furthermore, one factor hindering research our filing system as pointed out in the survey is the multi-staged approval system, a system peculiar to our business community. This system implies that documents are subject to interim officers review, which often means that it most pass more than half a dozen checkers before they get the final approval of the top manager. This system is time-consuming, and unnecessary paperwork is generated which stems from not delegating responsibilities to subordinates. Finally, it should be kept in mind that even though a filing system is installed it can not be managed without trained personnel. Therefore, the system must be led by a competent administrator and be staffed with trained clerks who understand the full importance of records management. And the community as a whole should cooperate to improve our present filing system and to provide more opportunities to train clerical workers for the betterment of our business society.

食用油(해바라기)의 貯藏條件에 따른 變化(1報) : 抗酸化劑 및 抗酸化相乘劑의 抗酸化 效果比較 Relative Effectiveness of Antioxidation in Antioxidants and Synergist

尹衡植 慶北大學校 1978 論文集 Vol.25-26 No.-

Tocopherol, BHT(Bntylated hydrotoluene) as antioxidants, and citric acid as synergist were added to the sunflower oil as substrate at the concentration of 0.01% respectively. In case of stored under the condition of 42℃ incubator, or stored in a dark place after heating 2 hrs everyday in oven at 100℃, the variations of peroxide value, acid value and iodine value were observed to the effect of antioxidation about what used together antioxidants and synergist. The results obtained were as follows; (1) In a stored condition at 42℃ or 100℃, what used each antioxidant and synergist was pronounced in the inhibitory effect of rancidity, and what used synergist was more effectiven than each antioxidant. (2) In the inhibitory effect of antioxidation, what used BHT and this added synergist appeared more stabilities than tocopherol and this added synergist. And to be used togther tocopherol, BHT and citric acid was along more effective of antioxidation in both conditions than additive control of other antiovidants. (3) What under the condition at 42℃ was ever more effectiwe of antioxidation than at 100℃.