재래종 콩 유전자원의 주요 형태적 특성과 변이

윤문섭,백형진,이정란,김행훈,조양희,안종웅,김창영 한국국제농업개발학회 2003 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.15 No.4

본 실험은 한국, 중국 및 일본 재래종 콩 유전자 자원의 주요형질 변이를 조사하고 이들 자원간의 지리적 유연관계를 비교하고자 수행하였으며, 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 경장은 한국(66㎝)이나 일본자원(54.9㎝)보다 중국자원(71㎝)에서 더 컸으며, 또한 변이도 중국자원에서 가장 큰 것으로 나타났다. 2. 개화일수 및 생육일수는 한국자원(65.5일, 151.4일)이 가장 길었으며 중국(57일, 120일)과 일본자원(59.9일, 122.4일)은 같은 경향을 나타냈다. 또한 한국과 중국자원은 지역에 따른 차이를 나타냈으나 일본자원에서는 확인할 수 없었다. 3. 백립중은 한국(18.8g), 일본(17.2g) 및 중국(14.7g) 순으로 무거웠다. 특히 한국자원은 9~11g과 23~25g에서 정점을 나타냈고, 변이폭도 가장 컸다. 반면 일본과 중국자원은 13~17g사이에서 정점을 나타냈다. 4. 협수는 중국(46.9개)이나 일본자원(36.5개)보다 한국자원(75.5개)에서 가장 많았으며, 변이폭도 한국자원에서 가장 컸다. 내도복성은 일본자원에서 가장 강하였다. 5. 정준판별분석결과 can 1을 경계로 하여 오른쪽 상하에 한국재래종이 주로 분포하였고 왼쪽에는 중국과 일본 재래종이 주로 분포하여 각 나라별로 고유한 영역을 가지고 분리되었다. 전체적 경향이 중국과 일본자원이 한국자원보다 가까운 경향을 나타냈다. This experiment was carried out to compare the characters of 944 Korean soybean landraces, 716 Chinese, and 170 Japanese soybean landraces introduced from USDA soybean germplasm collection. Cannonical discriminant and cluster analyses were conducted by their origins. The population from China was taller in plant height than those from Korea and Japan, also its variation was largest in Chinese population. The population from Korea was langer than those from China and Japan in terms of days to flowering and maturity. Also, Korean and Chinese accessions appeared the difference of those traits according to latitude. One hundred seeds weight was in the order of Korean(18.8g), Japanese(17.2g) and Chinese populations(14.7g), especially Korean population was distinguished into two groups; the group including accessions between 10 and 15g, and the other group including accessions between 20 and 25g. However, others showed the peak in range of 13~17g. The number of pod per plant was more in Korean accession(75.5) with the largest variation than Chinese(46.9) and Japanese accession(36.5). The distribution of Korean, Chinese and Japanese accessions reflected the origin of accessions analyzed by cannonical discriminant analysis. The relationship between their geographical origins showed the population of China and Japan are losely related.

일본 Okinawa지역에서 두류유전자원의 수집과 Vigna riukiuensis의 지리적 변이

윤문섭,Kaga, Akito,Tomooka, Norihiko,Vaughan, Duncan,백형진,김창영 한국국제농업개발학회 2003 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.15 No.4

일본 남서제도에 자생하는 두류 근연야생종집단의 분포와 집단구조를 파악하기 위해서 1999년 10월 21일부터 29일 까지 오끼나와 지역의 Hateruma, Tarama, Yonaguni 섬들에서 탐색ㆍ수집을 수향한 결과와 이들 섬으로부터 수집된 Vigna riukiuensis 집단에 대한 AFLP분석을 통하여 그들의 지리적 변이를 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 일본의 본도에서는 발견되지 않는 Vigna riukiuensis, V. reflexo-pilosa, V. luteola, V. minima, Canavalia rosea 및 Glucine tabacina와 같은 야생종을 수집하였으며, 또한 재배종인 Macroptilium atropureum, Vigna unguiculate 및 Glycine max를 수집하였다. 2. V. riukiuensis는 잔디밭에서만 발견되었고, V. marina와 C. rosea는 해안가의 모래사장에서 주로 발견되어 두류의 내염성 육종에 유용한 재료가 될 것으로 기대되었다. 서식집단의 범위는 10여 개체에서부터 1㏊에 이르기까지 매우 다양했다. G. tabacina는 Miyako의 바닷가와 인접한 잔디밭에서만 발견되었으며, 사료작물로 도입된 M. atropureum은 대부분의 섬에서 반 재배형으로 널리 분포하고 있었다. 3. 수집된 자원은 총 74점으로서 V. riukiuensis 27점, V. reflexo-pilosa 10점, V. marina 17점, V. luteola 2점, V. unguiculate 5점, G. tabacina 5점, G. max 1점, M. atropureum 3점 및 C. rosea 4점을 각각 포함했다. 또한 이들 자원에 대한 근류균의 수집과 식물표본이 만들어 졌으며, 각 수집지점의 위치가 기록되었다. 4. V. riukiuensis집단들 사이의 지리적 유연관계는 principal coordinate analysis(PCA)에 의해 처음 두개의 주요성분은 전체변이의 57.9%를 설명했다. 전체 변이의 46.0%를 설명하는 PCA1은 Yonaguni-Ishigaki-Iromote-Hateruma집단과 Miyakowlqeks으로 구분시켰다. 전체변이의 11.9%를 설명하는 PCA2에 의해 Haterumawlqeks은 Yonaguni-Ishigaki-Iromote집단과 분리되었다. Exploration and collection of legume genetic resources was conducted on the southern islands of Okinawa prefecture, Hateruma, Iriomote, Irabu, Ishigaki, Miyako, Tarama and Yonaguni islands, Japean, from 21^(st) to 29^(th) October. 1999. From these islands, the following wild species were collected Vigna riukiuensis, V, reflexo-pilosa, V. luteola, V. marina, Canavalia rosea and Glycine tabacina and seeds or root nodules of the following cultivated species Macroptilium atropurpureum. Vigna unguicullata and Glycine max. The wild species collected were generally found in open herbaceous habitats such as roadside bushes, lawns or on beaches. Several species have specific adaptations such as V. riukiuensis and G. tabacina whic can survive in cut lawns. V. marina and C. rosea grow along sandy beaches of every island visited and may have physiological tolerances, such as salt tolerance, which may be of value in legume breeding. Population size varied greatly within and between species from less than 10 plants to covering more than 1ha. M. atropurpureum, introduced as a forage crop, has escaped and is widely changing. During this exploration and collection, V. riukiuensis and V. reflexo-pilosa , from the subgenus Ceratotropis were both found on Ishigaki, Iriomote, Yonaguni and Miyako islands. On the small island of Irabu and Tarama only V. reflexo-pilosa from the subgenus Ceratotropis was found. On Hateruma only V. riukiuensis from subgenus Ceratotropis was found. A total of 74 wild legume seed samples were collected. The comprehensive collection will enable diversity analysis to highlight islands and populations of particular genetic diversity for conservation and evaluation. Geographical variation of V. riukiuensis among the collected species was found within it's populations by AFLP analysis. Populations of Miyako island were genetically different from of other islands of Okinawa based on PCA.

정맥내 통증자가조절법을 이용한 Nalbuphine-Ketorolac과 Butorphanol-Ketorolac의 술후 진통효과 비교

윤석화,이원형,손수창,신용섭,김윤희,양신영 충남대학교 의과대학 의학연구소 2003 충남의대잡지 Vol.30 No.1

This study aimed to compare analgegic efficacy, satisfaction score and side effect of nalbuphine-ketorolac and butorphanol-ketorolac by using intravenous patient controlled analgesia(IV-PCA) for postoperative anlgesia following a gastrectomy for stomach cancer. Ninety patients who had undergone gastrectomy for stomach cancer under general anesthesia were randomly divided into two groups. Each group recieived nalbuphine 50mg with ketorolac 150mg(Group 1, n=45) and butorphanol 5mg with ketorolac 150mg(Group 2, n=45) by using IV-PCA during postoperative 48hrs. Assessments for pain with numerical rating scale(NRS), and side effects were evaluated at 2hr, 6hr, 12hr, 24hr, 36hr and 48hr after the operation. There were no significant difference in NRS for pain during rest, but Group 2 requested significantly greater amount of supplementary diclofenac during first 24 hours. Side effects were higher Group 1 in pruritus, nausea and vomiting and Group 2 in sedation, nausea and vomiting. This study suggests that adding ketorolac with intravenous nalbuphine or butrophanol in using an intravenous PCA can decrease analgesics requirement and improve analgesic property without the major morbidity like respiratory depression, but needs for the careful observation and treatment on the side effects like nausea. vomiting, pruritis and sedation...

항생제 대체제(앤타시드-100)의 급여가 젖소 송아지 육성에 미친 영향

명윤아,박덕섭,이인덕,남명수,이형석,김용국 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2007 농업과학연구 Vol.34 No.2

This study was carried out to develope an antibiotic substitute with some feed additive ingredients; activated charcoal, microbial products( Saccharomyces cerevisiae), sodium bentonite and pyroligneous. Sixty Holstein male calves(control 30 and tested 30 calves) were assigned to one of two diets, control(containing commercial antibiotic) and treatment diet (containing antibiotic substitute) with three replicates(10 calves each). The experiment were carried out for 30 days. The daily weight gains were similar between control(1.01kg/d) and treatment groups(1.01kg/d), however feed requirement were lower for treatment calves (2.80kg) than control calves (3.24kg) (P<0.05). Also calves were more health for treatment calves than control calves for diarrhea and respiratory diseases occurrences. The ammonia concentration of feces were lower for treatment calves(2.67 ppm) than for control calves(6.33 ppm) (P<0.05). No statistical difference were found in blood substances between control and treatment calves(P>0.05). In conclusion, the calve performances were improved by substitute without commercial antibiotic additive. 본 연구는 항생제를 대체할 목적으로 동물체의 활성을 가져오는 원료로 알려져 있는 활성탄과 목초액, sodium bentonite, 홍삼박, 생균제를 선별하여 이들 원료로 구성된 항생물질 대체제를 개발하여 홀스타인 수송아지에 급여하였을 때 생산성에 미치는 효과를 규명하고자 수행하였다. 송아지의 일당증체량은 대조구(1.011kg), 처리구(l.0lkg)간에 유의적인 차이가 없었고(P>0.05), 사료 요구율은 대조구 3.24에 비하여 처리구 2.80로 처리구에서 유의적인 개선효과를 나타냈다(P<0.05). 설사 발생률은 동일하였으나 분 상태는 처리구가 양호하였고, 호흡기 질병은 처리구에서는 발생하지 않았다. 분 중 NH₃ 농도는 대조구(6.33 ppm)에 비하여 처리구(2.67 ppm)에서 뚜렷한 개선 효과를 보였고(P<0.05), 혈액 수치는 대조구와 처리구가 유사하였다. 항생물질 대체제를 급여한 처리구가 시판 항생제 첨가사료급여군(대조구)에 비하여 증체에서는 다소 낮은 성적을 나타냈지만 질병 발생 없이 유사한 성적을 낸 것은 대체물질이 가축 소화기관의 활성화, 사료의 소화율 증진 등에 영향을 나타내어 동물의 활력이 증진되므로 항생제의 사용 없이도 양질의 축산물을 생산할 수 있는 결과를 얻었다.

농업용 저수지의 부영양화와 수질관리방안

이광식,윤경섭,김형중,김호일 한국환경농학회 2003 한국환경농학회지 Vol.22 No.2

1990년부터 2001년까지 농업용수 수질측정망 조사자료를 분석하고, Chl-α 농도와 유효저수량/만수면적비를 이용하여 498개 저수지에 대하여 유형을 분류하고, 각 유형에 대한 수질개선방안을 제시하기 위하여 본 연구를 수행하고 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 우리 나라 농업용 저수지의 Chl-α 농도는 유효저수량/만수면적비(ST/WS)에 민감하게 반응하였으며, ST/WS비가 클수록 Chl-α 농도는 감소하는 경향을 나타내었는데, 저수지의 부영양화를 억제하기 위해서는 ST/WS비를 최소 5~6 m 이상, 가능하면 10m 이상이 되도록 건설ㆍ보수하는 것을 좋을 것으로 판단된다. 우리나라 저수지를 Chl-α 농도 25 mg/m³, ST/WS비 5m를 기준으로 유형을 분류하고 그 특성을 고찰한 결과 ST/WS비가 작고 부영양화가 진행된 종합정비형인 Ⅰ형 저수지는 호소의 지형학적 특성과 외부에서의 부하가 모두 복합적으로 부영양화에 영향을 준 것으로 판단되며, 동일한 형상이라도 부영양화가 진행되지 않은 호내정비형인 Ⅱ형 저수지는 상대적으로 외부 유입이 적은 것으로 나타났다. 반면에 지형학적 특성상 수질관리에 유리한 ST/WS비가 큰 관리형인 Ⅳ형 저수지는 대부분이 부영양화가 아직 진행되지 않았으며, 유역으로부터 높은 부하량을 나타내는 유역정비형인 Ⅲ형는 부영양화가 이루어 졌으나 전체 저수지의 약 5% 미만으로 극히 드문 것으로 나타나 ST/WS비가 큰 경우 상대적으로 외부유입으로 인한 부영양화는 작은 것으로 나타났다. 수질개선사업우선순위(안)는 Ⅰ형(종합정비형) → Ⅲ(유역정비형) → Ⅱ형(호내정비형) → Ⅳ형(관리형)의 순으로 정비해 나가는 것이 바람직할 것으로 판단된다. 또한 농업용수 수질기준 항목 중 COD 농도를 유기오염 지표뿐 아니라 부영양화를 나타내는 지표로써도 함께 고려하여 세분화한 결과 현행 8 mg/L에서 10 mg/L 이상을 대책기준, 6~10 mg/L을 우려기준, 6 mg/L이하는 안전기준으로 세분하고, 이에 따라 수질개선사업을 실시하는 것이 효율적일 것으로 판단된다. A total of 498 agricultural reservoirs ranging from 164 × 10³ to 253 × l0^(6) ㎥ in storage volume were investigated from 1990 to 2001 with respect to Chl-a, COD concentration and pollutant loading of BOD, TN, and TP. The lakes and reservoirs could be classified to 4 types using the relationships between the ratio of storage volume per water surface area(ST/WS) and Chl-a concentration. It is recommended that the improvement of polluted lakes should be performed in the order of integrated consolidation type→watershed consolidation type→in-lake consolidation type→management type and reservoir should be constructed to be over 5∼6 m in depth(STWS ratio) for preventing the eutrophication of agricultural reservoirs. We propose that water quality criteria for agricultural water is changed from less than 8 ㎎/L to less than 6㎎/L for safety value, 6-10 ㎎/L for concern value, and more than 10 mg/L for countermeasure value in COD concentration, respectively.

Phosphorescence Color Tuning of Cyclometalated Iridium Complexes by <i>o</i>-Carborane Substitution

Kim, Taewon,Kim, Hyungjun,Lee, Kang Mun,Lee, Yoon Sup,Lee, Min Hyung American Chemical Society 2013 Inorganic Chemistry Vol.52 No.1

<P>Heteroleptic (<I>C</I><SUP>∧</SUP><I>N</I>)<SUB>2</SUB>Ir(acac) (<I>C</I><SUP>∧</SUP><I>N</I> = 4-<I>CBppy</I> (<B>1</B>); 5-<I>CBppy</I> (<B>2</B>), 4-<I>fppy</I> (<B>4</B>) <I>CB</I> = <I>ortho</I>-methylcarborane; <I>ppy</I> = 2-phenylpyridinato-C<SUP>2</SUP>,N, 4-<I>fppy =</I> 2-(4-fluorophenyl)pyridinato-C<SUP>2</SUP>,N, acac = acetylacetonate) complexes were prepared and characterized. While <B>1</B> exhibits a phosphorescence band centered at 531 nm, which is red-shifted compared to that of unsubstituted (<I>ppy</I>)<SUB>2</SUB>Ir(acac) (<B>3</B>) (λ<SUB>em</SUB> = 516 nm), the emission spectrum of <B>2</B> shows a blue-shifted band at 503 nm. Comparison with the emission band for the 4-fluoro-substituted <B>4</B> (λ<SUB>em</SUB> = 493 nm) indicates a substantial bathochromic shift in <B>1</B>. Electrochemical and theoretical studies suggest that while carborane substitution on the 4-position of the phenyl ring lowers the <SUP>3</SUP>MLCT energy by a large contribution to lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) delocalization, which in turn assigns the lowest triplet state of <B>1</B> as [d<SUB>π</SUB>(Ir)→π*(<I>C</I><SUP>∧</SUP><I>N</I>)] <SUP>3</SUP>MLCT in character, the substitution on the 5-position raises the <SUP>3</SUP>MLCT energy by the effective stabilization of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level because of the strong inductive effect of carborane. An electroluminescent device incorporating <B>1</B> as an emitter displayed overall good performance in terms of external quantum efficiency (6.6%) and power efficiency (10.7 lm/W) with green phosphorescence.</P><P>The introduction of an <I>o</I>-carborane to the 4- and 5-position of the phenyl ring of a <I>ppy</I> ligand in heteroleptic (<I>C</I><SUP>∧</SUP><I>N</I>)<SUB>2</SUB>Ir(acac) complexes gave rise to red and blue shifts of the phosphorescence band, respectively, compared to that of (<I>ppy</I>)<SUB>2</SUB>Ir(acac). PhOLED devices incorporating the 4-carborane substituted Ir(III) complex as a phosphorescent emitter displayed good performance with green phosphorescence.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/inocaj/2013/inocaj.2013.52.issue-1/ic3015699/production/images/medium/ic-2012-015699_0008.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ic3015699'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

Deep Red Phosphorescence of Cyclometalated Iridium Complexes by <i>o</i>-Carborane Substitution

Bae, Hye Jin,Chung, Jin,Kim, Hyungjun,Park, Jihyun,Lee, Kang Mun,Koh, Tae-Wook,Lee, Yoon Sup,Yoo, Seunghyup,Do, Youngkyu,Lee, Min Hyung American Chemical Society 2014 Inorganic chemistry Vol.53 No.1

<P>Heteroleptic (C<SUP>∧</SUP>N)<SUB>2</SUB>Ir(acac) (C<SUP>∧</SUP>N = 5-MeCBbtp (<B>5a</B>); 4-BuCBbtp (<B>5b</B>); 5-BuCBbtp (<B>5c</B>); 5-(<I>R</I>)CBbtp = 2-(2′-benzothienyl)-5-(2-<I>R</I>-<I>ortho</I>-carboran-1-yl)-pyridinato-C<SUP>2</SUP>,N, R = Me and <I>n</I>-Bu; 4-BuCBbtp = 2-(2′-benzothienyl)-4-(2-<I>n</I>-Bu-<I>ortho</I>-carboran-1-yl)-pyridinato-C<SUP>2</SUP>,N, acac = acetylacetonate) complexes supported by <I>o</I>-carborane substituted C<SUP>∧</SUP>N-chelating ligand were prepared, and the crystal structures of <B>5a</B> and <B>5b</B> were determined by X-ray diffraction. While <B>5a</B> and <B>5c</B> exhibit a deep red phosphorescence band centered at 644 nm, which is substantially red-shifted compared to that of unsubstituted (btp)<SUB>2</SUB>Ir(acac) (<B>6</B>) (λ<SUB>em</SUB> = 612 nm), <B>5b</B> is nonemissive in THF solution at room temperature. In contrast, all complexes are emissive at 77 K and in the solid state. Electrochemical and theoretical studies suggest that the carborane substitution leads to the lowering of both the HOMO and LUMO levels, but has higher impact on the LUMO stabilization than the HOMO, resulting in the reduction of the triplet excited state energy. In particular, the LUMO stabilization in the 4-substituted <B>5b</B> is more contributed by carborane than that in the 5-substituted <B>5a</B>. The solution-processed electroluminescent device incorporating <B>5a</B> as an emitter displayed deep red phosphorescence (CIE coordinate: 0.693, 0.290) with moderate performance (max η<SUB>EQE</SUB> = 3.8%) whereas the device incorporating <B>5b</B> showed poor performance, as well as weak luminance.</P><P>The introduction of an <I>o</I>-carborane to the 4- or 5-position of the pyridine ring of a btp ligand in heteroleptic (C<SUP>∧</SUP>N)<SUB>2</SUB>Ir(acac) complexes leads to deep red phosphorescence, which is substantially red-shifted compared to that of (btp)<SUB>2</SUB>Ir(acac). The solution processed PhOLED devices incorporating the 5-carborane substituted Ir(III) complex as an emitter display moderate performance with deep red phosphorescence.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/inocaj/2014/inocaj.2014.53.issue-1/ic401755m/production/images/medium/ic-2013-01755m_0010.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ic401755m'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

Heteroleptic Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Complexes Supported by Triarylborylpicolinate Ligand: Ratiometric Turn-On Phosphorescence Response upon Fluoride Binding

Sharma, Sanjeev,Kim, Hyungjun,Lee, Young Hoon,Kim, Taewon,Lee, Yoon Sup,Lee, Min Hyung American Chemical Society 2014 Inorganic Chemistry Vol.53 No.16

<P>Heteroleptic cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes (C^N)<SUB>2</SUB>Ir(Bpic) (<B>4</B>–<B>6</B>) (C^N = <I>dfppy</I> (<B>4</B>), <I>ppy</I> (<B>5</B>), <I>btp</I> (<B>6</B>)) supported by triarylborylpicolinate (Bpic) ancillary ligand were synthesized and characterized. X-ray diffraction study of <B>5</B> confirmed N^O chelation of the Bpic ligand to the iridium center forming an (C^N)<SUB>2</SUB>Ir–borane conjugate. While the UV/vis absorption bands of <B>4</B>–<B>6</B> remained almost unchanged in the low-energy region upon fluoride addition, a ratiometric turn-on phosphorescence response was observed for <B>4</B> and <B>5</B>. In contrast, the phosphorescence of <B>6</B> was little affected by fluoride binding. Experimental and theoretical studies suggest that the LUMO in neutral <B>4</B> and <B>5</B> is dominated by the Bpic ligand, which makes the weakly emissive <SUP>3</SUP>ML′CT/<SUP>3</SUP>LL′CT (L = C^N; L′ = Bpic) states as the lowest-energy triplet excited state, while the fluoride binding to <B>4</B> and <B>5</B> induces the highly emissive <SUP>3</SUP>MLCT/<SUP>3</SUP>ππ* states centered on the (C^N)<SUB>2</SUB>Ir moiety. Thermally induced conversion from the <SUP>3</SUP>MLCT/<SUP>3</SUP>ππ* to the <SUP>3</SUP>ML′CT/<SUP>3</SUP>LL′CT states is suggested to be responsible for the low-energy weak phosphorescence in <B>4</B> and <B>5</B>.</P><P>Heteroleptic (C^N)<SUB>2</SUB>Ir(Bpic) complexes supported by N^O chelating triarylborylpicolinate (Bpic) ancillary ligand were synthesized and characterized. Fluoride binding to the B atom of the Bpic ligand led to a novel ratiometric turn-on phosphorescence response. Switching of the weakly emissive <SUP>3</SUP>ML′CT/<SUP>3</SUP>LL′CT state to the highly emissive <SUP>3</SUP>MLCT state centered on the (C^N)<SUB>2</SUB>Ir moiety is suggested to be responsible for the observed turn-on phosphorescence response.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/inocaj/2014/inocaj.2014.53.issue-16/ic501286m/production/images/medium/ic-2014-01286m_0010.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ic501286m'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

Turn-on colorimetric sensing of fluoride ions by a cationic triarylborane bearing benzothiazolium

Song, Ki Cheol,Lee, Kang Mun,Kim, Hyungjun,Lee, Yoon Sup,Lee, Min Hyung,Do, Youngkyu Elsevier 2012 Journal of organometallic chemistry Vol.713 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>A cationic triarylborane Lewis acid bearing benzothiazolium moiety, 2-(4′-dimesitylborylphenyl)-3-methylbenzo[<I>d</I>]thiazol-3-ium ([<B>2</B>]<SUP>+</SUP>) was prepared from a neutral borane (<B>2a</B>) and their crystal structures were determined from X-ray diffraction studies. While <B>2a</B> shows a blue-shift with a small decrease in the UV–vis absorption band upon fluoride binding to the boron atom, [<B>2</B>]<SUP>+</SUP> undergoes a red-shift of the absorption band which tails over visible region, giving rise to the color change of the solution from colorless to yellow. The fluoride binding constant in THF/H<SUB>2</SUB>O (9/1, v/v) is calculated to be 1.3 × 10<SUP>4</SUP> M<SUP>−1</SUP> that is much greater than that of a neutral borane <B>2a</B> (<I>K</I> = 4.2 × 10<SUP>2</SUP> M<SUP>−1</SUP>). DFT calculation results suggest that the absorption process in the fluoroborate (<B>2</B>F) is involved with π(Mes)→π*(phenylbenzothiazolium) intramolecular charge transfer and the greater elevation of the π(Mes) donor level is responsible for the turn-on colorimetric response of [<B>2</B>]<SUP>+</SUP>.</P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P><P>A cationic triarylborane Lewis acid bearing benzothiazolium moiety ([<B>2</B>]<SUP>+</SUP>) was prepared and characterized. [<B>2</B>]<SUP>+</SUP> displays enhanced fluoride ion affinity and turn-on colorimetric response toward fluoride.<ce:figure id='dfig1'></ce:figure></P><P><B>Highlights</B></P><P>► A novel cationic triarylborane Lewis acid was synthesized. ► Fluoride ion affinity was significantly enhanced. ► Fluoride binding led to turn-on color change from colorless to yellow.</P>

Turning On MLCT Phosphorescenceof Iridium(III)–BoraneConjugates upon Fluoride Binding

Vadavi, RameshS.,Kim, Hyungjun,Lee, Kang Mun,Kim, Taewon,Lee, Junseong,Lee, Yoon Sup,Lee, Min Hyung American ChemicalSociety 2012 Organometallics Vol.31 No.1

<P>The heteroleptic complexes (<I>C</I><SUP>∧</SUP><I>N</I>)<SUB>2</SUB>Ir<SUP>III</SUP> (<I>C</I><SUP>∧</SUP><I>N</I>: ppy, <B>2</B>; btp, <B>3</B>), bearing a 4-(dimesitylboryl)benzoate (Bbz) auxiliary ligand,and their fluoride adducts were prepared and characterized. Whilethe PL spectra of <B>2</B> and <B>3</B> exhibit very weakemission in solution, the addition of fluoride turned on (<I>C</I><SUP>∧</SUP><I>N</I>)<SUB>2</SUB>Ir-centeredphosphorescence (λ<SUB>em</SUB> 527 nm for <B>2</B> and617 nm for <B>3</B>). Experimental and DFT calculations suggestthat the weak emission is ascribable to a photoinduced electron transferfrom the MLCT state of the (<I>C</I><SUP>∧</SUP><I>N</I>)<SUB>2</SUB>Ir moiety to the Bbz ligand and is switchedon by fluoride binding to the boron center of the Bbz ligand.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/orgnd7/2012/orgnd7.2012.31.issue-1/om2008937/production/images/medium/om-2011-008937_0007.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/om2008937'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>