CdSe ; Cu 광전도 cell 제작

신영진,정태수,신현길,김택성,정철훈,이훈,신영신 경북대학교 센서기술연구소 1992 센서技術學術大會論文集 Vol.3 No.1

筋骨格系 領域에서 Thermography의 臨床的 活用에 對한 考察

신현택,정석희,이종수,김성수,신현대 경희대학교 동서의학연구소 2001 東西醫學硏究所 論文集 Vol.2000 No.-

근골격계 질환은 임상에서 가장 흔하게 접할 수 있는 대상의 하나로 그 진단과 평가가 매우 중요하며 여러 가지 진단기기와 평가방법이 이용되고 있다. Thermography는 기존의 진단기기와 달리 질병의 기능적인 측면을 평가할 수 있다는 점과 통증과 같은 주관적인 표현을 어느정도 객관화할 수 있다는 점에서 임상적 가치가 고려되고 있다. 본 연구는 최근 국내외의 임상 논문을 대상으로 근골격계 영역에서 Thermography의 활용 동향을 고찰하여 진단적 가치를 확인하고자 하였다. Thermography는 척추신경병증, 근막동통증후군, 말초신경병증, 반사성 교감신경 이영양증, 레이노증후군, 악관절 장애 및 일부 기타 질환에서 적용되었으며, 대부분의 질환에서 보조적인 진단기기로 활용가치가 있었다. 특히, 질병의 경과 관찰과 약물 및 기타 처치에 대한 효과 판정에 유용하였으며, 레이노 증후군 및 반사성 교감신경 이영양증과 같은 질병에서는 일차적인 진단기기로도 활용이 가능하였다. 향후 근골격계 영역에서 Thermography의 보다 폭넓은 적용을 위해서는 질환에 따른 적절한 촬영방법의 개발 및 결과 판독에 대한 객관성 확보가 있어야 할 것이다. The purpose of this study is to assess the usefulness of thermography in patients with musculoskeletal disease. Thermography is noninvasive, easy to reading, objective and physiologic instrument by measuring and imaging infrared energy emitted from skin surface. Thermography can show the skin temperature changes in various conditions of the body with musculoskeletal disease. This literature review was done for the usefulness of thermography in diagnosing musculoskeletal disease. In conclusion, thermography was adapted in radiculopathy, MPS, peripheral neuropathy, RSD, Raynaud's phenomen, TMJ dysfunction, etc. It was useful as a secondary diagnostic method in those diseases, also possible as a primary diagnostic method in RSD, Raynaud's phenomen. And, it might be reliable tool for estimating disease procedure and consequence after treatment. But, the objectivity of the reading and the development of the operating method are required for further adaptation in musculoskeletal disease.

筋骨格系 領域에서 Thermography의 臨床的 活用에 對한 考察

신현택,정석희,이종수,김성수,신현대 동국대학교 한의학연구소 2000 東國韓醫學硏究所論文集 Vol.8 No.2

근골격계 질환은 임상에서 가장 흔하게 접할 수 있는 대상의 하나로 그 진단과 평가가 매우 중요하며 여러 가지 진단기기와 평가방법이 이용되고 있다. Thermography는 기존의 진단기기와 달리 질병의 기능적인 측면을 평가할 수 있다는 점과 통증과 같은 주관적인 표현을 어느정도 객관화할 수 있다는 점에서 임상적 가치가 고려되고 있다. 본 연구는 최근 국내외의 임상 논문을 대상으로 근골격계 영역에서 Thermography의 활용 동향을 고찰하여 진단적 가치를 확인하고자 하였다. Thermography는 척추신경병증, 근막동통증후군, 말초신경병증, 반사성 교감신경 이영양증, 레이노 증후군, 악관절 장애 및 일부 기타 질환에서 적용되었으며, 대부분의 질환에서 보조적인 진단기기로 활용가치가 있었다. 특히, 질병의 경과 관찰과 약물 및 기타 처치에 대한 효과 판정에 유용하였으며, 레이노 증후군 및 반사성 교감신경 이영양증과 같은 질병에서는 일차적인 진단기기로도 활용이 가능하였다. 향후 근골격계 영역에서 Thermography의 보다 폭넓은 적용을 위해서는 질환에 따른 적절한 촬영방법의 개발 및 결과 판독에 대한 객관성 확보가 있어야 할 것이다. The purpose of this study is to assess the usefulness of thermography in patients with musculoskeletal disease. Thermography is noninvasive, easy to reading, objective and physiologic instrument by measuring and imaging infrared energy emitted from skin surface. Thermography can show the skin temperature changes in various conditions of the body with musculoskeletal disease. This literature review was done for the usefulness of thermography in diagnosing musculoskeletal disease. In conclusion, thermography was adapted in radiculopathy, NIPS, peripheral neuropathy, RSD, Raynaud's phenomen, TMJ dysfunction, etc. It was useful as a secondary diagnostic method in those diseases, also possible as a primary diagnostic method in RSD, Raynaud's phenomen. And, it might be reliable tool for estimating dlsease procedure and consequence after treatment. But, the objectivity of the reading and the development of the operating method are required for further adaptation in musculoskeletal disease.

요부수핵탈출증에서 Thermography의 진단적 가치

신현택,신승우,송재철,정석희,이종수,김성수,신현대 경희대학교 동서의학연구소 2001 東西醫學硏究所 論文集 Vol.2000 No.-

Objectives : Lumbar radiculopathy is a common disease in oriental rehabilitation medicine. It can be diagnosed by physical examination, plain X-ray, Myelography, CT, MRI, EMG etc. But those methods are not useful in observing the clinical procedure. Objectvie evaluating the clinical procedure is very important in treatment of lumbar radiculopathy. Mehthods : We studied the clinical efficacy of thermography in lumbar radiculopathy during conservative managements. We studied 36 patients with lumbar radiculopathy convinced by MRI. The had low back pain and radiating pain on one side. Thermography had taken before an after 4 weeks treatments, and compared with clinical procedure Results and conclusions : Thermography is not pertinent as a primary diagnostic method in lumbar radiculopathy, but useful in observing the clinical procedure. And it can be recommended as a objective evaluation for lumbar radiculopathy.

세계태권도연맹 경기규칙 제정 기록의 오류

신현규(Shin, Hyun-Gyu),김영수(Kim, Young-Soo) 한국사회체육학회 2015 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.0 No.60

The purpose of this study was to examine and correct the error about enactment recording of competition rules in World Taekwondo Federation(WTF). Through this study, the following conclusion were drawn; Now official notice recording of enactment on May 28th in 1973 at WTF is wrong. At that time competition rule of WTF was not enacted by Yang’s(2005), Shin’s(2012), elders of Taekwondo, etc. I didn’t found at any references and anywhere. Then competition rule of Korea Taekwondo Association(KTA) applied intactly for the 1st World Taekwondo Championships on May 25 ~ 27 in 1973. Also competition rule of WTF was not enacted until in 1979 to be held biennially from the 2nd to the 4th World Taekwondo Championships by same reason as mentioned earlier. In addition, first amendment on October 1st in 1977 at WTF is wrong for such reasons. Therefore this study was found an estimated competition rule of enactment on May 1st in 1980 by quarterly magazine on April in 1980 at KTA. This competition rules was comprised the 35 article and additional clause. On comparative analysis has considered that this competition rule was the real enactment of WTF. In conclusion, the enactment of competition rule in WTF is not on May 28th in 1973, but on May 1st in 1980. And so the enactment of competition rule in WTF was to correct again recording of enactment May 1st in 1980. Later I hope future studies about amendment of competition rules in WTF.

痛症의 暗箱的評價法에 관한 考察

신승우,정석희,이종수,신현대,김성수 동국대학교 한의학연구소 2000 東國韓醫學硏究所論文集 Vol.8 No.2

통증은 환자들로 하여금 내원하게 하는 주된 증상중의 하나로, 치료방법의 선택 및 효과 판정을 위해서는 적절한 평가가 필요하다. 통증은 실험적인 방법과 임상적인 방법에 의해 측정될 수 있는데, 통증의 주관적인 성격상 임상적인 방법이 일반적으로 사용된다. 통증의 임상적측정법은 일차원적 측정법과 다차원적측정법으로 대별할 수 있는데, 일차원적 측정법으로는 시각적상사척도(Visual Analogue Scale), 구술적평정척도(Verbal Rating Scale), 수치평정척도(Numerical Rating Scale), 통증표정척도(Pain Faces Scale), 그리고 포커칩 도구(Poker Chip Tool)등이 있고, 다차원적 측정법으로는 McGill 동통질문서(McGill Pain Questionnaire), 다면적인성검사(MMPI), 통증행동척도(Pain Behavior Scale), 통증장애지표(Pain Disability Index), 그리고 통증평정척도(Pain Raing Scale)등이 있다. 일차원적 측정법은 주로 환자의 자기통증평가법에 기초하여 통증의 강도를 측정하는데, 측정방법의 단순함과 신속성으로 인해 급성통증을 평가하는데 주로 사용된다. 다차원적인 측정법은 통증의 주관적, 정신적 그리고 행동적인 면을 측정하는데, 측정방법이 포괄적이고 신뢰성이 있어서 만성통증을 측정하는데 사용된다. 환자의 언어와 인지능력은 정확한 통증을 평가하는데 장애가 되는 주된 요인이다. 통증에 따른 행동반응이나 생체반응은 환자의 통증을 완전히 대변하지 못하지만 이러한 상황에 있어 유용한 통증평가지표가 될 수 있다. 통증평가법을 결정할 때에는 먼저 측정하려고 하는 통증의 성격을 고려하여 어떠한 면을 측정할 것인가를 결정해야하며 아울러 환자의 언어와 인지능력을 고려해야 한다. 적절한 평가법의 선택은 환자의 진단과 치료에 있어 유효한 결론에 이르게 하는 중요한 과정이다. Pain can be evaluated by experimental methods and clinical methods, but due to subjective characteristics of pain, clinical methods are generally used. The clinical pain measurement tools are divided into unidimensional and multidimensional assessment tools. The former include Visual Analogue Scale, Verbal Rating Scale, Numerical Rating Scale, Pain Faces Scale, and Poker Chip Tool and the latter include McGill Pain Questionnaire, MMPI, Pain Behavior Scale, Pain disability index, and Pain Rating Scale. Unidimensional pain scales mainly measure the intensity of pain on the basis of the patient s self report and their simple construction and ease of use enable the invesgator to assess acute pain. Multidemensional pain scales are used to evaluate subjective, psychological and behavioral aspects of pain and because of its comprehensive and confidential properties they are applied to chronic pain. Patient s linguistic and cognitive abilities are major factors to restrain accurate assessment of pain. Although behavioral patterns and vital sign are inferior to self-report in the measurement of pain, they can be useful indexes in those situations. When deciding on a pain-assessment tool, the investigator must determine which aspect of pain he or she wishes to evaluate on the characteristics of the group of patients, their backgrounds, and their communication skills. Making the proper choice will facilitate the acquisition of meaningful data and the formulation of valid conclusions.

만성 틱 장애 뚜렛씨 장애의 임상 특성

신성웅,임명호,현태영,성양숙,조수철 대한소아청소년정신의학회 2001 소아청소년정신의학 Vol.12 No.1

뚜렛씨 장애는 근육틱과 음성틱이 만성적으로 지속되는 질환이다. 만성 틱장애는 근육틱 혹은 음성틱 중 하나만 지속적으로 나타나는 질환이다. 본 연구에서는 1998년 4월 1일부터 1999년 4월 1일까지 서울대학교병원 소아정신과 병동에 입원한 만성 틱 장애 아동과 뚜렛씨 장애 아동의 임상적 특징을 조사하고 두 질환 사이의 관계를 비교하고자 시행되었다. 이들의 특성을 확인하기 위해 대조군으로 학습장애 환자를 선정하였다. 조사 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 만성 틱장애(n=13)와 뚜렛씨 장애 환자(n=29)의 평균 발병연령은 각각7.3±2.5, 7.2±2.2.세, 입원시 연령은 평균 11.7±2.7, 11.5±2.6세, 입원기간은 5.7±5.4, 11.0±8.7주였고두 군 사이에 의미 있는 차이는 없었다. 학습장애의 경우 발병연령(4.2±1.9세)이 두 장애보다 빠르고 의료기관을 찾는 시기(9.8±3.2세)도 빨랐다. 출생 계절은 틱장애 환자들에서 6월에서 9월 사이가 가장 적었지만 의미 있는 차이는 없었다. 남녀의 성비율은 각각 10 : 3, 26 : 3, 11 : 5였고 의미 있는 차이는 보이지 않았다. 환자가 출생할 때의 아버지와 어머니 연령은 세 군 모두 차이가 없었다. 둘째, 정신과적 가족력이 있는 경우도 세 군 사이에 차이가 없었고 각각 24.1%, 46.2%, 56.3%였다. 발병전 유발 요인이 확인된 경우는 만성틱장애와 뚜렛씨 장애에서 11.1%와 35.7%로서 의리 있는 차이를 보이지는 않았지만 학습장애(56.3%)에 비해서는 적었다. 셋째, 만성 틱장애와 뚜렛씨 장애, 그리고 학습장애 환자의 지능지수는 각각 언어성 지능 92.3±10.7, 94.7±14.9, 94.3±13.8이었고, 동작성 지능은 93.0±20.5, 97.5±13.0, 95.0±16.9이었으며, 전체 지능은 91.9±20.1, 95.8±14.5, 93.9±15.1로서 세 군 사이에 의미 있는 차이가 없었다. 기질적 뇌장애 소견은 CT/MRI등에서 0%, 27.3%, 6.3%, 뇌파 이상은 8.3%, 17.2%, 12.5%에서 나타났고 차이는 발견하지 못하였다. 넷째, 항도파민 약물에 대한 반응은 만성 틱장애와 뚜렛씨 장애 환자에서 각각 84.6%, 77.0%가 부분관해를 보였고 완전 관해된 경우는 한 명도 없었으며 두 군 사이에 차이가 없었다. 다섯째, 공동 유병현황을 조사한 결과 주의력결핍 · 과잉운동장애가 학습장애에서 의리 있게 많은 것을 제외하고는 세 군 사이에 통계적으로 의미 있는 차이를 보이지 않았다. 조사 결과 입원한 환자의 경우 만성 틱장애와 뚜렛씨 장애를 가진 환자들은 임상적으로 학습장애를 가진 환자와 많은 부분에서 파이를 보였으나 만성 틱장애와 뚜렛씨 장애를 구분해야 하는 근거를 찾지 못하였다. 중심 단어 : 뚜렛씨 장애 · 틱장애 · 진단 분류 ㆍ 임상적 특성. Tourette's disorder is a disease which manifests one or more motor tics and vocal tics for more than a year. Chronic motor tic or vocal tic disorders are characterized by only one kind of tics for more than a year. We intended to investigate the clinical characteristics of the patients with chronic motor tic disorders or Tourette's disorders who had admitted from May 1, 1998 to May 1, 1999 to Seoul National University Hospital Child and Adolescent Psychiatry ward. In addition, we compared the clinical characteristics of the patients in order to elucidate the relationship between the two disorders. The patients with learning disabilities were selected as controls. There was no statistically significant difference between the onsets of the patients with chronic motor tic disorders(n=13, 7.3±2.5 years) , and Tourette's disorder(n=39, 7.2±2.2 years), but with learning disability (4.2±1.9 years). Also, the patients with chronic motor tic disorder and Tourette's disorder showed similar age at admission (11.7±2.7 versus 11.5±2.6 years), duration of admission (5.7±5.4 versus 11.0±8.7 weeks), mothers' ages at child birth(27.3±2.9 versus 28.3 ±6.7 years old), and fathers' age at child birth (32.2±3.2 versus 33.3±5.2 years old). We observed that those who had learning disabilities were alike in those aspects, except for age at visit to clinic (9.8±3.2 years old). Family history of psychiatric illnesses (24.1% versus 46.2%), recognized precipitating factors (11.1% versus 35.7%) and response to pharmacological treatments (77.8% versus 76.9%) of the patients with chronic motor tic disorders and Tourette's disorders were observed and no differences were found. Comorbid patterns of diseases were noted. Intrafamilial conflicts were more common in the patients with learning disabilities than those with chronic tic disorders or Tourette's disorders. Precipitating factors were observed more frequent in chronic tic disorder and Tourette's disorder than learning disability. Neurocognitive profiles were investigated, and verbal IQs of the patients with chronic motor tic disorder, Tourette's disorder and learning disability were 92.3±10.7, 94.7±14.9, 94.3±13.8, performance IQs 93.0±20.5, 97.5±13.0, 95.0±16.9 and full-scale IQs 91.9±20.1, 95.8±14.5, 93.9±15.1, respectively, which were found to be not significantly different. No difference was found in structural neurological abnormalities and EEG profiles. The patients with learning disabilities showed more common Bender-Gestalt test abnormalities. In conclusion, we have not found any affirmative clues for the division of chronic motor tic disorder and Tourette's disorder in clinical perspective. KEY WORDS : Tourette's disorder ㆍ Tic disorder ㆍ Classification ㆍ Clinical study.

산화물 초전도체 Bi₂Sr₂Ca_(1-x)Nd_(x)Cu₂O_(8+δ)의 반사스펙트럼에 관한 연구

신재수,송인걸,김현철 대전대학교 기초과학연구소 2002 自然科學 Vol.13 No.1

고상반응법 (solid-state reaction method)으로 산화물 초전도체 Bi₂Sr₂Ca₁xNdxCu₂O_(B)+δ(0≤X≤0.8)시료를 제조하여, 200~3200 ㎚의 영역에서 반사스펙트럼을 측정하고, KK분석을 통하여 실수유전율, 흡수계수, 에너지 손실함수 등을 구하였다. 반사스펙트럼에서 나타난 MIR 밴드는 치환량 X가 증가함에 따라 고에너지 쪽으로 이동하였으며. 에너지 손실함수의 피크는 치환량 X가 증가함에 따라 저에너지 쪽으로 이동하는 것이 관찰되었다. MIR영역에서의 실수 유전율은 치환량 X가 증가함에 따라 그 값이 음에서 양으로 증가함을 알 수 있었다. The Bi₂Sr₂Ca₁, Nd_(x)Cu₂Ox8 6 (0≤x≤0.8) samples were prepared using the solid-state reaction method. The optical reflectivity spectra of these samples were measured in the range from 200 to 3200 nm at the room temperature. The real part of the dielectric constant, the absorption coefficient, and the energy loss function were obtained from the reflectivity spectra through the KK(E;ramers-Kronig) analysis. It was observed that the MIR band shifts to the high energy side and the energy loss peak to the low energy side with increasing x content. We found that the real part of the dielectric constant in the MIR region changes from the negative to the positive with increasing x content.

급속 열처리 조건에 따른 Pb(Zr_0.52Ti_0.48)O_3 박막의 전기적 특성 변화

신현용,백동수 남서울대학교 1996 남서울대학교 논문집 Vol.2 No.-

Pb(Zr_0.52Ti_0.48)O_3∼Pb(10wt%) stock solution prepared by sol-gel processing was spin-coated on Pt/SiO_2/Si substrate and annealed by rapid thermal annealing to fabricate Pb(Zr_0.52Ti_0.48)O_3 ferroelectric thin films. Annealing temperature was changed from 550 ℃ to 750 ℃ and the annealing time was varied from 10 seconds to 120 seconds to observe their effects on the characteristics of the films. The films annealed at 650t! for 20 seconds showed dielectric constant of 1550 and dielectric loss(tanδ) of 0.02. However, dielectric constant and tan6 of the films annealed at 550℃ for 20 seconds showed severely deteriorated values of 840 and 0.04, respectively. Coercive field and remnant polarization of the films annealed at 650 ℃ for 20 seconds were 32㎸/㎝ and 29μC/㎠, respectively, and irrelevant to the annealing time longer than 20 seconds. Dielectric constant of the films annealed at 650℃ for 20 seconds was increased as the film thickness increased and the value was about 1550∼1600 for the films thicker than or equal to 0.7㎛ in thickness. The deviation of dielectric constant of 0.7㎛ film was within 4% over the area of 15 × 15㎟.

GT rotary file을 이용한 만곡 근관형성시 작업 효율 및 file 변형 발생에 관한 연구

신주희,백승호,배광식,임성삼,윤수한,김병현 대한치과보존학회 2001 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.26 No.5

Root canal preparation process is of utmost importance in successful treatment of root canal. Also, one of the most important purpose of the root canal preparation is to enlarge the root canal three dimensionally without changing the curvature of the root canal. However, as the curvature of the root canal increases, there are many difficulties involved in formation of optimum root canal. Therefore, in order to solve the above mentioned problems, new developments in methods of root canal preparation and equipments for such purposes were made. Recently, vigorous studies about newly introduced engine-driven nitckel-ti-tanium rotary file are conducted. As shown in research results to dates, it is well established that the use of nickel-titanium file is better suited for curved root canal than stainless steel file in maintaining the curvature of root canal and reducing the deformation of root canal. However, it is also acknowledged that there are a few discrepancies in research results according to protocol, due to failure to remove variables in experiments. In addition, although it is recommended by the manufacturer that the GT rotary file should maintain a low rotational speed of 150∼350rpm and 'light pressure' as light as not to break the lead of a pencil, academic studies about the vertical force which is not yet standardized are not sufficiently explored. Therefore, this research devised and utilized a special research equipment to standardize the appropriate range of vertical force for GT rotary file through experiments by breaking of the lead of a pencil as expressed by the manufacturer and to accurately measure factors involved through repeating and recreating the environment of root canal preparation. Forming nine experimental groups by varying the vertical forces (150g, 220g, 300g) and rpm (150rpm, 250rpm, 350rpm), the effects of changing vertical forces and rpm on working efficiency were measured in terms of time expended in root canal preparation by crown-down method using a transparent resin block with 35 degree curvature and GT rotary file (z-test). The following research using this special research equipment that involved nine experimental groups and varying the vertical force for root canal preparation from 300g which is within the normal vertical force range to 700g and 1000g which fall outside the normal rpm range. The results were as follows : 1.Analysis of the experiment results revealed that the tome spent in root canal preparation decreased as the vertical forces and rpm increased (p<0.05). Also, the effects of rpm were greater than those of the vertical forces within the normal vertical force range (β-weight test) . 2.Observation of the deformation of GT rotary file revealed that deformation increases in a direct correlation with the vertical force increase and in a reverse correlation with the rpm decrease, In the case of the vertical forces close to the normal range, the probability of GT rotary file deformation were quite different depending on the rpm changes. In the case of◎eater tier◎cal forces, the occurrences of deformation of the file were more frequent regardless of the rpm changes. 3.Deformation and breakage of file were also commonly observed in the expended time measurement experiments and GT rotary file deformation experiments in which low speed rpm (150rpm) was used and at the curved portion of the resin block. Key words : GT rotary file, Crown-down method, Working efficiency, Vertical force, Rpm, Deformation and breakage of file