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실제 및 시뮬레이션 환경에서의 적대적 공격 기법 연구 동향
김용수(Yongsu Kim),윤영여(Youngyeo Yun),강효은(Hyoeun Kang),김명길(Myeongkil Kim),김호원(Howon Kim) 한국통신학회 2021 한국통신학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2021 No.2
딥러닝 기술은 지속적인 발전을 통해 실생활에 다양하게 적용되고 있지만, 악의적인 데이터를 주입하여 오작동하게 만드는 적대적 공격에 취약한 것으로 밝혀져 큰 위협이 되고 있다. 특히, 기존 연구에서 발전하여 실제 환경이나 이와 유사한 시뮬레이션 환경에서 딥러닝 모델을 공격할 수 있는 연구가 많이 제안되었다. 본 논문에서는 실제 및 시뮬레이션 환경에서의 적대적 공격 기법 연구 동향을 조사하여, 향후 실생활에 큰 위협이 되는 적대적 공격에 대한 효과적인 방어 연구를 진행하는 데 기여하고자 한다.
A case of erythema-multiforme like lesions in a patient with hand-foot-mouth disease
( Hyoeun Park ),( Yujin Jung ),( Jongsic Kim ),( Yu Ri Woo ),( Miri Kim ),( Hyun Jeong Park ) 대한피부과학회 2019 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.71 No.1
Hand-foot-mouth disease(HFMD) is a viral infection caused by Coxsackie virus and enterovirus that predominantly affects children. Typical symptoms include erythematous maculopapular or vesicular eruptions localized on palms, soles, and perioral skin. An increasing number of HFMD adults present with atypical exanthems similar to erythema multiform (EM), which is a mucocutaneous targeotid eruption caused by a hypersensitivity reaction due to infection. A 38-year-old male was presented with pruritic, multiple, variable-sized, erythematous maculopapular targetoid eruptions on both hands, feet, and trunk for 1 week. Initially, he experienced malaise, and his children were diagnosed with HFMD 3 weeks before. Histopathological examination showed neutrophils presented with necrosis in upper epidermis and vacuolar alteration on dermoepidermal junction. The laboratory examination showed positive titers of 1:128, 1:16, and 1:64 respectively, in Coxsackie virus A type 6, 10, and 16. The patient was diagnosed with HFMD based on characteristic clinical features and positive results in Coxsackie serologic markers. After treatment with antihistamine, the lesions completely resolved. The patient was presented with erythema-multiforme like lesions on the trunk without involvement of the mouth. As HFMD often affects children and sometimes immune-compromised adults, herein, we report the immune-competent adult patient with atypical clinical manifestations.
Cardiac-specific delivery by cardiac tissue-targeting peptide-expressing exosomes
Kim, Hyoeun,Yun, Nuri,Mun, Dasom,Kang, Ji-Young,Lee, Seung-Hyun,Park, Hyelim,Park, Hyewon,Joung, Boyoung Elsevier 2018 Biochemical and biophysical research communication Vol.499 No.4
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Naturally occurring RNA carriers such as exosomes might be an untapped source of effective delivery vehicles. However, if exosomes are to be exploited for therapeutic applications, they must target specific tissues or cell types to avoid off-target effects. This study evaluated whether genetic modification of exosomes could enhance exosome delivery to heart cells and heart tissue without toxicity. Exosomes expressing cardiac-targeting peptide (CTP)-Lamp2b on the exosomal membrane (CTP-Exo) were generated by introducing vectors encoding CTP-Lamp2b into HEK 293 cells. The expression of CTP-Lamp2b peptide on exosomes was stabilized by attaching glycosylation sequences. Exosomes expressing only Lamp2b on exosomal membranes (CTL-Exo) were generated as a control. The <I>in vitro</I> and <I>in vivo</I> uptake of CTL-Exo and CTP-Exo was evaluated in cell lines and mice. Both exosomes were delivered to HEK 293 and H9C2 cells. The delivery of the exosome was not different between CTP-Exo and CTL-Exo in HEK 293 cells, whereas the delivery of CTP-Exo was 16% greater than that of CTL-Exo in H9C2 cells (P = 0.047). Cell viability was maintained at almost 100% with different dosages of both CTL-Exo and CTP-Exo. Moreover, compared with CTL-Exo, the <I>in vivo</I> delivery of exosomes to the hearts of mice was increased by 15% with CTP-Exo (P = 0.035). The delivery to livers and spleens was not different between the two exosomes. Genetic modification of exosomes by expressing CTP-Lamp2b on the exosomal membrane enhanced exosome delivery to heart cells and the heart tissue. These results suggested that CTP-Exo might be used as a therapeutic tool for heart disease.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Genetic modification of exosomes could enhance exosome delivery to heart. </LI> <LI> CTP-Exo did not show toxic effects <I>in vitro</I> or <I>in vivo.</I> </LI> <LI> CTP-Exo might be used as a therapeutic tool for heart disease. </LI> </UL> </P>
A modified von Bertalanffy growth model dependent on temperature and body size
Kim, Hyoeun,Lim, Roktaek,Seo, Young-Il,Sheen, Dongwoo Elsevier 2017 Mathematical biosciences Vol.294 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Fish growth models are widely used in fisheries as well in aquacultures and ecology. Water temperature is one of the most important factors determining the growth of fish. In the present study, we propose a growth model that includes the effect of water temperature on the growth in the von Bertalanffy growth model. Our model was applied to fit the growth data of bullhead (<I>Cottus gobio</I>), brown trout (<I>Salmo trutta L.</I>), juvenile salmon (<I>Salmo salar</I>), and Araucanian herring (<I>Strangomera bentincki</I>). The model reproduces the growth patterns of each species and fits a set of appropriate parameter values for each species. Moreover, the model reflects the seasonal growth rates quite well.</P>
Kim, Kwoneel,Yang, Woojin,Lee, Kang Seon,Bang, Hyoeun,Jang, Kiwon,Kim, Sang Cheol,Yang, Jin Ok,Park, Seongjin,Park, Kiejung,Choi, Jung Kyoon Oxford University Press 2015 Nucleic acids research Vol.43 No.12
<P>Global network modeling of distal regulatory interactions is essential in understanding the overall architecture of gene expression programs. Here, we developed a Bayesian probabilistic model and computational method for global causal network construction with breast cancer as a model. Whereas physical regulator binding was well supported by gene expression causality in general, distal elements in intragenic regions or loci distant from the target gene exhibited particularly strong functional effects. Modeling the action of long-range enhancers was critical in recovering true biological interactions with increased coverage and specificity overall and unraveling regulatory complexity underlying tumor subclasses and drug responses in particular. Transcriptional cancer drivers and risk genes were discovered based on the network analysis of somatic and genetic cancer-related DNA variants. Notably, we observed that the risk genes were functionally downstream of the cancer drivers and were selectively susceptible to network perturbation by tumorigenic changes in their upstream drivers. Furthermore, cancer risk alleles tended to increase the susceptibility of the transcription of their associated genes. These findings suggest that transcriptional cancer drivers selectively induce a combinatorial misregulation of downstream risk genes, and that genetic risk factors, mostly residing in distal regulatory regions, increase transcriptional susceptibility to upstream cancer-driving somatic changes.</P>