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서울의 Penicillinase Producing Neisseria Gonorrhoeae 발생빈도(1996)
김재홍,황동규,전재홍,김윤석,김중환,김용준,이창균,임동진,김현수,조창근,김경문,박상훈,전우형,김희성,이호정,차명수,김갑형,김형석,김석우,황지환,박병순,권오상,이민수,송기훈,성소영,이인섭,부태성 대한화학요법학회 1999 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.17 No.2
Background : In recent years, gonorrhea has been panedemic and remains one of the most commom STDs in the world, especially in developing countries. Objective & Methods: For the detection of a more effective therapeutic regimen and assessing the prevalence of PPNG, we have been trying to study the patients who have visited the VD Clinic of Choong-Ku Public Health Center in Seoul since 1980 by means of the chromogenic cephalosporin method. Results: In 1996, 139 strains of N. gonorrhoeae were isolated, among which 53(39.0%) were PPNG. Conclusion: Our results suggests that after a peak of 74.3% in 1993, the prevalence of PPNG in Seoul is gradually declining.
장세진,고상백,강동묵,김성아,강명근,이철갑,정진주,조정진,손미아,채창호,김정원,김정일,김형수,노상철,박재범,우종민,김수영,김정연,하미나,박정선,이경용,김형렬,공정옥,김인아,김정수,박준호,현숙정,손동국 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4
Background and Purposes: Over the past three decades, numerous studies performed in Korea have reported that job stress is a determinant risk factor for chronic diseases and work disability. Every society has its own culture and occupational climate particular to their organizations, and hence experiences different occupational stress. An occupational stress measurement tool therefore needs to be developed to estimate it objectively. The purpose of this study is to develop and standardize the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) which is considered to be unique and specific occupational stressors in Korean employees. Subjects and Methods: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project: 2002-2004). A total of 12,631 employees from a nationwide sample proportional to the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were administered. The KOSS was developed for 2 years (2002-2004). In the first year, we collected 255 items from the most popular job stress measurement tools such as JCQ, ERI, NIOSH and OSI, and 44 items derived from the a qualitative study (depth interview). Forty-three items of KOSS, in the second year, were retained for use in the final version of the KOSS by using Delphi and factor analysis. Items were scored using conventional 1-2-3-4 Likert scores for the response categories. Results: We developed eight subscales by using factor analysis and validation process: physical environment (3 items), job demand (8 items), insufficient job control (5 items), interpersonal conflict (4 items), job insecurity (6 items), organizational system (7 items), lack of reward (6 items), and occupational climate (4 items). Together they explained 50.0% of total variance. Internal consistency alpha scores were ranged from 0.51 to 0.82. Twenty-four items of the short form of the KOSS (KOSS-SF) were also developed to estimate job stress in the work setting. Because the levels of the subscales of occupational stress were gender dependent, gender-specific standard norms for both the 43-item full version and the 24-item short form using a quartile for the subscales of KOSS were presented. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that KOSS might be an appropriate measurement scale to estimate occupational stress of Korean employees. Further and more detailed study needs to be conducted to improve the validity of this scale.
김한석,김명래,이성근,강상원,김기환,김형섭 大韓顎顔面成形再建外科學會 2003 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.25 No.1
Objective : This is to report the effectiveness of intraoral distraction osteogenesis for alveolar augmentation in the extremely atrophied alveolar defects and to review the clinical results of the 2 cases. Subjects and Methods : Anterior segmental osteotomy was performed and the trans-oral alveolar distractors(Martin, Germany) were applied in 2 patients with the severe acquired anterior maxillary and mandibular defect. After latent period for 1 week, the osteomized alveolar segments were distracted by 1 ㎜ a day (0.5 ㎜/l turn) for 8 days in case Ⅰ and 0.6 ㎜ a day(0.3 ㎜/l turn) for 10 days in case Ⅱ. The consolidation period was about 8 weeks in each case. Thereafter, 6 titanium threaded implants(Branemark, Restore) were simultaneously installed with removal of distractor. The implants were tested clinically and radiographically. Results : Amounts of acquired alveolar bone were 8 ㎜ in case Ⅰ and 6 ㎜ in case Ⅱ respectively, with the increased width of the ridge crests and soft tissue expansion. Dental implants installated on the augmented alveolar ridges in 8 weeks after distrction were confirmed as in good osseointegration and in good function without any complications. Conclusion : Intraoral distraction osteogenesis can be a good option for alveolar ridge augmentation of the severely atrophied ridges and soft-tissue defects. However, for the better vector control of distracting segments and for anterior esthetics, customized distraction devices could be considered later.
A Review of Design Considerations and Representation of Sustainable Tall Building
Kim, Hyeong-Il,Shin, Sung-Woo Sustainable Building Research Center 2011 International journal of sustainable building tech Vol.2 No.4
The purpose of this paper is to introduce design considerations for the super tall building especially those related with sustainable design methodology and the topic presented in the SB11 Helsinki World Sustainable Building Conference by Hyeong-il Kim. The design of tall buildings should take into consideration of environmental impact and economic benefits from sustainable approaches to ensure low energy consumption and $CO_2$ emissions. In the paper, author tried to identify key issues related to sustainable building technology and emphasis the role of the sustainability in tall building design. The study also provides analytical survey of the significance of adaptable use of sustainable solutions that demonstrate use of renewable energy resources, and respond to climatic conditions with energy conscious design principles including form, orientation and materiality of the buildings on the current practice.
수령독재 하에서 권력과 이권을 둘러싼 갈등 동학 그리고 장성택 숙청
박형중 ( Hyeong Jung Park ),최대석 ( Dae Seok Choe ),김학성 ( Hank Sung Kim ),박영자 ( Young Ja Park ),장인숙 ( In Suk Jang ) 북한연구학회 2014 北韓硏究學會報 Vol.18 No.1
Under the Suryong dictatorship, by definition, there is no political completion for Suryong`s status. There are, however, horizontal competitions to expand power and interest carried out by major power organizations and elites. Apparently they are loyalty competition devoted to the Suryong. During the power succession, as the ruling coalition is reconstructed, they intensify themselves. Two features have been pronounced during the hereditary succession from Kim Jong-il to Kim Jong-un in regard to competition for power and interest among power organizations and elites: the one is the competition for regency, i.e. to advance oneself as the dominant force in the promotion of the power succession; the other is the competition for increasing share of power and interest by power organizations and elites. Jang Sung-taek has stood in the center of these two competitions and he was purge thereof.
김기흥,류근상,신영철,이형래 진주산업대학교 산업과학기술연구소 2004 산업과학기술연구소보 Vol.- No.11
In order to evaluate six formula of T_(c) presented in the facilities criterion of small basin, the water stages were observed on fifteen mountainous small basin in Sanchung county region. The results of six formula compared with the observed data to evaluate T_(c). All basin area were less than 2.25 ㎢. The average basin area was 1.19 ㎢, the average basin length was 1.65 ㎢, the average basin slope was 6.95%, average length and slope of main channel were 1.86 ㎞ and 7%. The average T_(c) was 33.77 minutes and results of six formula showed the changes in average and standard deviation widely. The conclusions obtained in this study are as follows. The time of concentration was influenced basin slope, basin length, basin slope and channel slope consequently but did not affected the shape factor of basin.
비유기중의 소유방염에 대한 항균펩타이드(Buforin Ⅱb)의 효능실험
김인송,권성균,임형준,이완규 한국수의공중보건학회 2002 예방수의학회지 Vol.26 No.3
Recently, a novel antimicrobial peptide including Buforin II has been emphasized to kill multi-drug resistant bacteria and avoid promoting multi-drug resistance. This study evaluated the efficacy of an antimicrobial peptide (Buforin IIb) on bovine mastitis. Based on the Minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC, 4 g/ml) of Buforin IIb, syringes were made five concentration(MIC×10, ×50, ×100, ×300, and ×500). Thirty three cows(38 quarters) with bovine mastitis were selected using California mastitis test and grouped in dependant on drug concentration and treatment duration. Each group treated by intramammary infusion twice a day for 3 5 days. The milk samples of 5 groups were aseptically collected from quarters at 0, 3, 7 and 14 days, and 2 groups were collected at 0, 5, 9 and 14 days after first treatment. Collected samples were used for bacterial culture and somatic cell count. Bacterial number(log_(10) mean CFU/ml) was decreased in dependant on drug concentration and extending treatment duration. In group D(MIC×300), bacterial number was decreased from 4.59±0.10(day 0) to 2.89±1.37(day 3), 4.04±0.33(day 7), and 4.19 ± 0.10(day 14), respectively(p 0.05). Bacterial number of B2(MIC×50, 5 days treated) is decreased, approximately 10%, than group B1(MIC×50, 3 days treated). Somatic cell count of group D was slightly decreased from 11,100(×10³)(day 0), to 7,386(×10³)(3 day), 6,886(×10³)(day 7), and 9,661(×10³)(day 14). Staphylococcus spp., was the most common isolate, was bacteriologically cured 100% by Buforin IIb treatment. Overall results indicate that Buforin IIb could have possibility to cure bovine mastitis, if higher concentration over experimental concentration were treated with extending treatment duration.