The Return of the Repressed: Representing Trauma, Memory, and Identity in Chang-rae Lee`s A Gesture Life

( Yoo Hyeok Lee ) 한국현대영미소설학회 2012 현대영미소설 Vol.19 No.2

This paper examines representation of trauma in Chang-rae Lee`s A Gesture Life. Creative writers have to tackle the contradiction arising from the relation between trauma and representation, in their attempts to embody trauma, often considered the unrepresentable, through the medium of language. This is the sense of difficulty and limitation Lee experienced, as he struggled to grasp and depict the trauma of comfort women. Interestingly, however, Lee`s experience of his inability to truthfully deal with comfort women`s trauma in his literary representation is where his creative act as a writer usefully intervenes in the process of (re)writing his novel so that his new approach to comfort women`s trauma can provide the reader with an opportunity to witness that trauma from a new perspective, from the perspective of a victimizer who was originally a marginal character in the first draft of his novel. Lee shows the ways in which Hata`s life is deeply influenced by and inescapably intertwined with the two women: Kkutaeh or K, the Korean comfort woman he encountered in wartime, and Sunny, his Korean adoptee. Hata represses the trauma he experienced in wartime in relation to K so as to forget it, yet this repressed and forgotten trauma returns belatedly in relation to another painful event-his failed relationship with his adopted daughter Sunny-that happened in other time and place later in Hata`s life. This belated return of the repressed is significant in that it serves as a rupturing and deconstructive moment in the novel by revealing what is repressed underneath the surface of Hata`s life as an immigrant, which is represented or disguised as a "model minority." The existence and appearance of these two women-the return of the repressed-in the novel agitates Hata inwardly; they trouble Hata by challenging his identity so much that he has to painfully grapple with the questions of who he is and where he belongs throughout the novel. So Lee`s novel shows how deeply trauma, memory, and identity are interwoven in Hata`s life through his relationship with K and Sunny. By unraveling the entanglement of trauma, memory, and identity in-and particularly the interconnection among these topics in the process of producing-A Gesture Life, this paper intends to examine the ways in which the unwanted past-or trauma-once repressed in Hata`s life returns by means of the work of memory. In particular, the paper explores how the theme of identity and belonging relates to the topic of the relation between trauma and representation. The examination of this topic provides us with an opportunity to (re)consider the formation of identity, particularly minority identity in the United States. In relation to this topic, the paper considers the significance of Hata`s transnational or diasporic trajectory from Asia to America, since Lee draws attention to Hata`s life of transnational displacement: first from Korea to Japan (by means of adoption) and later from Japan to the United States (by means of immigration).

The Search for Decolonizing Subjects in Nora Okja Keller’s Comfort Woman

( Lee¸ Yoo Hyeok ) 동국대학교 영어권문화연구소 2018 영어권문화연구 Vol.11 No.2

This paper examines Keller’s Comfort Woman, focusing on how Keller characterizes two main characters Akiko and Beccah’s search for their decolonizing subjects out of their postcolonial condition. The postcolonial condition of their present life is characterized by the effects of Akiko’s past colonial experience as a sex slave on Akiko and Beccah. This makes them endlessly ‘displaced’ and ‘haunted,’ even to the extent that their relationship as a mother and a daughter is so ruined that it remains detached and unbridgeable. Keller shows two individual stories that go parallel in the novel, and these alternate stories―Akiko and Beccah stories―finally converge at the point when Beccah begins to make sense of her mother’s hidden traumatic life story of the past. On the one hand, this characterization reveals how hard it is to restore the broken relationship between Beccah and Akiko. On the other hand, however, in those individual stories, Keller shows how they desperately manage to overcome adverse situations to which they are often forced; in the end, Keller represents their stories as stories of survival. It is significant that they develop their agency as decolonizing subjects against colonizing forces in such process. More importantly, what makes Keller’s oppositional cultural politics notable is that the way of Keller’s appropriating comfort women’s traumatic history in Asian American studies serves to decolonize Asian American subjectivities by enabling us to envision possibilities beyond the hyphen: a way of forging a connection between Asia and Asian America.

Infectious in vivo Transcripts from a Full-length Clone of Soybean mosaic virus Strain G5H

Seo, Jang-Kyun,Lee, Hyeok-Geun,Choi, Hong-Soo,Lee, Su-Heon,Kim, Kook-Hyung The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2009 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.25 No.1

An infectious full-length clone of Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) strain G5H was constructed under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter. The cloned SMV G5H established infections upon simple rub-inoculation of soybean leaves with intact plasmid DNA. We demonstrated that this SMV G5H infectious DNA clone caused typical characteristic symptoms and virulence of SMV strain G5H in twelve tested soybean cultivars. Soybean cultivars Lee74, Somyungkong and Sowonkong developed systemic mosaic symptom while Kwanggyo, Taekwangkong, Hwangkeumkong and Geumjeongkong-l showed systemic necrosis. In contrast, Geumjeongkong-2, Jinpumkong-2, L29, V94-5152 and Ogden showed resistant response against SMV-G5H infection. We also determined full-length sequence of cloned SMV-G5H. The phyogenetic analyses reveal that SMV-G5H is most closely related to SMV-G5, and support that SMV-G5H might be derived from SMV-G5 by recombination rather than mutation.

마이크로 컴퓨터에 의한 심전도 데이타 압축 알고리즘의 개선

이명호,이경중,황선철,정혁구 연세대학교 대학원 1988 延世論叢 Vol.24 No.-

This paper represents an improved ECG data reduction algorithm which is very useful for real time ECG analysis based-on microcomputer. In order to increase data reduction rate of Turning Point(TP), existing real time data reduction algorithm. The results obtained from the improved Modified Turning point(MTP) data reduction algorithm applied to three different pattern ECG signals. (1) The average data reduction rate of MTP algorithm is 67%, which is increased by 17% than that of TP algorithm. (2) The average percent rms difference(APRD) which is a normalized value that indicates the error between two signals is 9.4% for TP algorithm, while the APRD of MTP algorithm is 6.2% for MTP algorithm. It means that the PRD can be improved by 3.19. Therefore, it gives more excellent resolution than that of TP algorithm.

지리산편마암복합체의 지온 및 지압계에 관한 연구

이상원,이혁우 부산대학교 사범대학 1990 교사교육연구 Vol.21 No.-

The Chirisan gneiss complex is composed of various paragneisses and small amounts of orthogneisses metamorphosed in Precambrian, which are intruded by gabbroic rock, porphyritic granite and Namwon granite. The gneiss complex was undergone multimetamorhism that early high-grade progressive metamorphism reached to upper amphibolite facies, later amphibolite and epidote-amphinbolite facies(partially to greenschist facies) were overlapped by retrogressive metamorphism. Major mineral assemblage of those gneisses are biotite-garnet,biotitie-garnet-sillimanite,biotite-garnet-cordierite,biotite-garnet-cordierite-sillimanite. Coexisting minerals of 14 samples were analysed by EPMA. Metamorphic conditions were estimated using various experimental, theoretical geothermometers and geobarometers. They show wide ranges of temperature and pressure as 600∼750℃, 720∼820℃, 420∼550℃ of biotite-garnet, cordierite-garnet, alkali feldspar-plagioclase geothermometer and 4.6~6.2Kb, 4.5~7Kb of cordierite-garnet, plagioclase-garnet geobarometer, respectively. But peak metamorphic condition is about 700℃ with 4.67Kb(X=0.40) inferred by plotting of cordierite composition to the P-T diagram under consideration of H₂0 content. The metamorphic path, according to the inferred P-T conditions with the reaction of coexisting minerals and analyses of various geothermo-barometers, is considered that progressive peak metamorphism reached to upper amphibolite facies with partial melting under 700∼750℃, 4.67Kb of temperature and pressure, and later epidote-amphibolite facies was overlapped by the retrogressive metamorphism.

미세 전산화 단층 촬영을 이용한 글라스 아이오노머 수복물의 인접면우식 재광화 효과에 관한 장기간 연구

이혁상,김영재,김정욱,장기택 대한소아치과학회 2006 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.33 No.3

경제성장과 국가홍보 : 아일랜드의 해외자본 유치를 중심으로

이동근,김혁주 朝鮮大學校 社會科學硏究所 2004 社會科學硏究 Vol.25 No.1

화학-기계적 우식 제거법을 이용한 유구치 우식의 치료 : 증례보고

이혁상,이재천,김영재,김정욱,김종철,장기택 大韓小兒齒科學會 2004 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.31 No.2

전통적인 bur에 의한 우식치질의 삭제는 진동과 열에 의한 자극을 초래하기 때문에 아이들은 치과에 가는 것을 무서워 한다. 최근 전통적인 방법을 대체하는 방법을 개발하려는 노력이 이루어져 왔고, 화학-기계적인 우식 제거법 역시 이러한 시도 중 하나이다. Carisolv^(TM)는 세가지 아미노산과 낮은 농도의 sodium hypochlorite, 그리고 특별하게 고안된 수 기구로 구성된 제품이다. 본 증례는 Carisolv^(TM)로 치료한 두 증례를 보고한다. 우식 상아질을 Carisolv^(TM) gel과 기구로 제거하고 복합레진으로 수복하였다. The conventional drilling method of caries removal makes vibration and thermal stimuli, so that children are afraid of dental treatment. Recently, various non-invasive caries removal techniques of alternatives to traditional methods are introduced and chemo-mechanical canes removal is one of them. Carisolv^(TM) comprises a gel that is composed of three different amino acids and a low concentration of sodium hypochlorite and specially-designed hand instruments. This report describes two cases of dental caries treatment with Carisolv^(TM). The carious dentin was eliminated with Carisolv^(TM) gel with instruments and then composite resin restoration was conducted.

냉동 건조 탈회 동종골 이식후 골막이 골 형성 과정에 미치는 영향에 관한 실험적 연구

이동근,엄인웅,민승기,권혁도 大韓顎顔面成形再建外科學會 1995 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.17 No.4

Periosteum in general is described as a specialized fibrous membrane of mesenchymal origin consisting of two basis layers : outer fibrous layer consists of irregularly arranged dense connective-tissue with fibroblasts, and inner osteogenic or cambial layer is composed of more loosely arranged fibers, greater vascularity and flatted spindle-shaped pre-osteoblasts. This periosteum may serve in controlling bone growth, especially mandibular growth has been emphasized. But, the periosteum enwrapping the facial skeleton have been studied for many years leaving a controversy in opinion regarding the function of these structures. We evaluated the bone formation activity of te periosteum in allogeneic bone grafts which bones are made of freeze-dried preparation preoperatively. We made the calvarial bone defects, 5×7mm sized, amd grafted with allogeneic bone in rats, which a half of specimens has dissected the overlying periosteum and a rest intacted. After bone grafting, we evaluated the capacity ofbone formation of periosteum, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 weeks postoperatively. There are subtle differences of bone formation during early healing period after demineralized allogeneic bone grafting between control groups with periosteum and experimental groups without periosteum.

유한요소법을 이용한 밸브 스프링 리테이너의 형상설계

신혁수, 김동범, 박진근, 이인환, 조해용 충북대학교 산업과학기술연구소 2013 산업과학기술연구 논문집 Vol.27 No.2

A valve spring retainer is a small disc and located at intake and exhaust valve stem of engine. The retainer supports a valve spring and transmits spring force to a valve. Force is applied to the retainer repeatedly by a rocker arm. Durability of the retainer is an important factor of performance. Weight of retainer affect dynamic performance of engine. Therefore, optimal strength and weight of the retainer design are needed. In this study, stress distribution and fracture load of retainer were analyzed by using FEM to design optimal strength and weight. Static load test was simulated by using commercial FEM code DEFORM-3D. Shapes of the retainer to reduce weight were designed and analyzed to verify validity of it. Simulated results and experimental ones were compared