대형정신병원 입원환자의 수면제 처방에 관련된 인자

김현숙,서혜수,송인제,손진욱 대한생물치료정신의학회 1997 생물치료정신의학 Vol.3 No.1

만성화된 환자들이 주로 입원하여 있는 대형정신병원에서 수면제의 처방에 영향을 미치는 요소들을 조사해 보고자 하였다. 1996년 10월 2일 국립부곡정신병원에 입원해 있는 환자 402명을 대상으로 병록지조사를 통해 입원시부터 조사당일까지의 수면제 사용을 조사였다. 담당의사의 routine order에 의한 수면제 처방의 여부, 담당의사의 p.r.n. order에 의한 처방 여부, 당직의사에 의한 수면제 처방 여부를 조사하여 환자의 나이, 성별, 진단, 입원횟수, 유병기간, 담당의사의 정신과 근무 연수 등의 변수에 따라 비교해 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) 207명(51.5%)이 재원기간동안 최소한 일회 이상 수면제를 복용하였고, 195명(48.5%)은 수면제를 복용한 적이 없었다. 2) 담당의사의 routine order에 의한 수면제 처방의 빈도는 남자에 비해 여자에서 높았다. 3) 담당의사의 routine order에 의한 수면제 처방의 빈도는 전문의가 담당의사인 환자군에서 높았다. 4) 담당의사의 p.r.n. order에 의한 수면제 처방의 빈도는 전공의 1년차가 담당하는 환자나 전문의가 담당하는 환자에서 높았다. 5) 연령, 진단, 유병기간, 입원횟수 등은 수면제 처방의 빈도와 유의한 관계가 없었다. 이상의 결과를 통해 국립부곡정신병원의 입원환자에서 수면제의 처방이 환자의 성별과 담당의사의 정신과 근무 연수와 관계됨을 알 수 있었다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors that were associated with the prescription of hypnotics in inpatients of a large mental hospital. The medical records were reviewed in 402 inpatients who were admitting in Bugok National Mental Hospital at October 2, 1996. The results were as follows: 1) Fifty-one percent of the whole group received a hypnotics at least once during hospitalization. 2) The prescription of hypnotics by routine order of doctor in charge was more frequent in female patients than male patients. 3) The prescription of hypnotics by routine order of doctor in change was more frequent in patients whose doctor in charge was a psychiatric specialist than patients whose doctor in charge was a psychiatric resident. 4) The prescription of hypnotics by p.r.n. order of doctor in charge was more frequent in patients whose doctor in charge was a first-year psychiatric resident or a psychiatric specialist than a second, a third, or a forth-year psychiatric resident. 5) Age, duration of illness, frequency of admission, and diagnosis were not significantly associated with frequency of hypnotics prescription. These findings suggest that the prescription of hypnotics in inpatients of Bugok National Mental Hospital was positively associated with patient's sex and duration of service of doctor in charge.

문헌고찰을 통한 김치문화 활성화 방안

송혜숙(Song, Hyea-suk) 한국문화산업학회 2015 문화산업연구 Vol.15 No.3

본 연구는 김치와 김장문화의 기원과 발달배경을 이해하고, 계승 발전시키고자 하였다. 최근 한류열풍과 건강식에 대한 열망으로 김치에 대한 세계적인 관심과 수요가 증가하고 있다. 이에 종주국인 우리나라의 김치와 김장 문화를 개발 보완하는데 기초자료가 되고자 한다. 연구방법은 김치, 김장, 음식문화라는 단어로 문헌고찰을 하였고, 약 100여편의 발행 논문을 통해 분야별 통합 분석을 하였다. 김치와 음식문화에 대한 설문 연구결과는 학생과 주부, 유학생, 일반인등의 그룹 분석을 통해 유형별 차이를 확인하고자 하였다. 분석 결과, 우리나라 국민들은 김치에 대한 자긍심과 선호도가 과반수 이상 이었다. 또한 김치는 발효식품으로 면역력 강화, 암발생 예방 등의 기본지식도 과반수이상 높았다. 그러나 김치소비량은 최근 60여년 동안 많이 하락하여, 국민 1인당 김치소비량이 1940년대 20포기에서 2000년 이후 5포기 였고, 가구당 김장량도 1960년대 77포기에서 2000년 이후에는 20포기로 급락하였다. 그러나, 김치 필수 양념인 고춧가루 소비량은 배추 1포기당 1960년대 26g에서 2000년대에는 145g으로 7배 증가하였다. 이는 국민들이 김치는 점점 안먹는데, 김치는 점점 매워졌음을 의미한다. 반면에 설문종합결과 전 연령의 내국인과 외국인 모두 김치에 대한 만족도는 과반수이상 높은데, 일부 기피하는 대상들의 이유는 김치가 맵고, 짜고, 냄새가 싫다는 것 이었다. 또한 내국인 과 외국인 주부들은 김치에 대한 선호가 높았으나 김치 만들기가 어렵고, 시간이 많이 걸린다는 이유로 약 40% 정도는 직접 담그지 못하고 있었다. 그러나 김치 담는 방법의 교육프로그램이 있으면 적극 참여하고 싶다는 의견이 40%이상으로 매우 높았다. 본 연구결과 국내외 김치의 소비량 증대를 위해 덜 맵고, 덜 짜고, 냄새를 줄일 수 있는 맞춤형 김치를 개발하여 한식의 세계화를 꾀하고자 한다. 매운맛 조절을 통해 국내외 김치브랜드의 고급화 및 현지 식사문화와 접목 시킬 수 있는 퓨전요리 등의 개발 노력이 필요하다. The purpose of this study is to understand the origin and development background of Kimchi and culture related making Kimchi and to inherit and improve this culture. Foreign people"s interest in Kimchi and demand for Kimchi have been increased due to the latest Korean wave and the interest in heathy food. This studymight be basic to improve the culture related Korean Kimchi. Literature searchwith Kimchi, making Kimchi and food culture was conducted and about 100 papers were analyzed by category. The poll about Kimchi and food culturewas conducted and analyzed by groups of students, housewives, international students, others and so on. According to the analysis, over 50% of Koreans has pride in Kimchi. Over 50% has information that Kimchi is fermented food and helps enhancement of immunity and prevention of cancer incidence. Nevertheless, consumption of Kimchi has been so decreased for 60 years that the amount of Kimchi consumption per person has been dropped from20 heads of cabbage in 1940"s to 5 heads of cabbage in 2000"s and the amount of making Kimchi per house also has been dropped from 77 heads of cabbage in 1940"s to 20 heads of cabbage in 2000"s. On the other hand, the amount of red pepper powder consumption that is essential seasoning to make Kimchi has been increased 7 times, from 26g in 1960"s to 145g in 2000"s. It means that people have eaten less amount of Kimchi but Kimchi has been spicier and spicier. According to the poll analysis, over 50% of Koreans and foreigners in all age group was satisfied with Kimchi but a few people were not satisfied since Kimchi is spicy, salty and smelly. Korean housewives and foreign housewives show high preference to Kimchi but about 40% of themdoes not make Kimchi by themselves because it is hard and takes time tomake Kimchi.Meanwhile, over 40%wants to attend a programthat teaches howtomake Kimchi, if any. This study shows that we need to develop customized Kimchi that is less spicy, less salty and less smelly in order to help more people from more counties be able to enjoy Kimchi.We also need to enhance Kimchi brand and develop newfusion cuisine to gowell with foreign cuisine. 본 연구는 김치와 김장문화의 기원과 발달배경을 이해하고, 계승 발전시키고자 하였다. 최근 한류열풍과 건강식에 대한 열망으로 김치에 대한 세계적인 관심과 수요가 증가하고 있다. 이에 종주국인 우리나라의 김치와 김장 문화를 개발 보완하는데 기초자료가 되고자 한다. 연구방법은 김치, 김장, 음식문화라는 단어로 문헌고찰을 하였고, 약 100여편의 발행 논문을 통해 분야별 통합 분석을 하였다. 김치와 음식문화에 대한 설문 연구결과는 학생과 주부, 유학생, 일반인등의 그룹 분석을 통해 유형별 차이를 확인하고자 하였다. 분석 결과, 우리나라 국민들은 김치에 대한 자긍심과 선호도가 과반수 이상 이었다. 또한 김치는 발효식품으로 면역력 강화, 암발생 예방 등의 기본지식도 과반수이상 높았다. 그러나 김치소비량은 최근 60여년 동안 많이 하락하여, 국민 1인당 김치소비량이 1940년대 20포기에서 2000년 이후 5포기 였고, 가구당 김장량도 1960년대 77포기에서 2000년 이후에는 20포기로 급락하였다. 그러나, 김치 필수 양념인 고춧가루 소비량은 배추 1포기당 1960년대 26g에서 2000년대에는 145g으로 7배 증가하였다. 이는 국민들이 김치는 점점 안먹는데, 김치는 점점 매워졌음을 의미한다. 반면에 설문종합결과 전 연령의 내국인과 외국인 모두 김치에 대한 만족도는 과반수이상 높은데, 일부 기피하는 대상들의 이유는 김치가 맵고, 짜고, 냄새가 싫다는 것 이었다. 또한 내국인 과 외국인 주부들은 김치에 대한 선호가 높았으나 김치 만들기가 어렵고, 시간이 많이 걸린다는 이유로 약 40% 정도는 직접 담그지 못하고 있었다. 그러나 김치 담는 방법의 교육프로그램이 있으면 적극 참여하고 싶다는 의견이 40%이상으로 매우 높았다. 본 연구결과 국내외 김치의 소비량 증대를 위해 덜 맵고, 덜 짜고, 냄새를 줄일 수 있는 맞춤형 김치를 개발하여 한식의 세계화를 꾀하고자 한다. 매운맛 조절을 통해 국내외 김치브랜드의 고급화 및 현지 식사문화와 접목 시킬 수 있는 퓨전요리 등의 개발 노력이 필요하다. The purpose of this study is to understand the origin and development background of Kimchi and culture related making Kimchi and to inherit and improve this culture. Foreign people"s interest in Kimchi and demand for Kimchi have been increased due to the latest Korean wave and the interest in heathy food. This studymight be basic to improve the culture related Korean Kimchi. Literature searchwith Kimchi, making Kimchi and food culture was conducted and about 100 papers were analyzed by category. The poll about Kimchi and food culturewas conducted and analyzed by groups of students, housewives, international students, others and so on. According to the analysis, over 50% of Koreans has pride in Kimchi. Over 50% has information that Kimchi is fermented food and helps enhancement of immunity and prevention of cancer incidence. Nevertheless, consumption of Kimchi has been so decreased for 60 years that the amount of Kimchi consumption per person has been dropped from20 heads of cabbage in 1940"s to 5 heads of cabbage in 2000"s and the amount of making Kimchi per house also has been dropped from 77 heads of cabbage in 1940"s to 20 heads of cabbage in 2000"s. On the other hand, the amount of red pepper powder consumption that is essential seasoning to make Kimchi has been increased 7 times, from 26g in 1960"s to 145g in 2000"s. It means that people have eaten less amount of Kimchi but Kimchi has been spicier and spicier. According to the poll analysis, over 50% of Koreans and foreigners in all age group was satisfied with Kimchi but a few people were not satisfied since Kimchi is spicy, salty and smelly. Korean housewives and foreign housewives show high preference to Kimchi but about 40% of themdoes not make Kimchi by themselves because it is hard and takes time tomake Kimchi.Meanwhile, over 40%wants to attend a programthat teaches howtomake Kimchi, if any. This study shows that we need to develop customized Kimchi that is less spicy, less salty and less smelly in order to help more people from more counties be able to enjoy Kimchi.We also need to enhance Kimchi brand and develop newfusion cuisine to gowell with foreign cuisine.

포괄수가제(DRG) 대상자의 인식과 태도 및 만족도에 관한 연구

송혜숙 ( Hyea Suk Song ),김영순 ( Young Soon Kim ),최효정 ( Hyo Jung Choi ),심상효 ( Sang Hyo Sim ),김윤신 ( Yoon Shin Kim ),조우현 ( Woo Hyun Cho ) 대한보건협회 2013 대한보건연구 Vol.39 No.1

Objectives: This study was done to provide basic data that can be establish stablization of system through study on what people are thinking about DRG payment system. Methods: This survey was done over 7 weeks on 200 people having completed their hospital bill payment through the DRG payment system at 2 general hospitals in the new towns of Gyongido, which provide the DRG payment system. The way of analysis is to investigate their perception, satisfaction, recommendation and intention of reutilization as well as correlations of each of the variables by self-reported responses. Results: The main results of this study show more than 75% were unaware of the DRG payment system when being admitted and 78% found out at the time of discharge, but the satisfaction level of payment method and treatment cost was high at over 58% while 4% or less were dissatisfied. Recommendation and intention of reutilization had a high support of over 55%, while more than 60% hoped for expansion of the DRG payment system The more caesarean section had lowest recommendation and intention of reutilization. However Cataract surgery had as much as 6 times or more the recommendation than the caesarean section. Conclusion: The degree of satisfaction is higher than half of people even though people do not know that they included in DRG payment system. Govement try to establish way of support and advertisement activity in order to promote understanding of general public.

ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction as a Result of Coronary Artery Ectasia-Related Intracoronary Thrombus in a Patient with Liver Cirrhosis

Ji Woong Roh,Eun Hyea Park,Joon Cheol Song,Young Seung Oh,Tong Yoon Kim,Hyo Suk Kim,Sungmin Lim 대한중환자의학회 2015 Acute and Critical Care Vol.30 No.4

Coronary artery ectasia (CAE) is a rare condition defined as the dilatation of coronary artery to at least 1.5 times larger than the normal adjacent coronary artery. Clinical manifestations of CAE vary, ranging from asymptomatic to ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Because of its rarity and clinical diversity, the best treatment strategy and prognosis for CAE remain unclear. We describe a case of STEMI caused by intracoronary thrombus formation within an ectatic area in a patient with liver cirrhosis (LC). The patient was successfully managed by thrombus aspiration only, without balloon angioplasty or stent implantation, and maintained by dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and ticagrelor, a potent new P2Y12 inhibitor.

Antiviral Activity of Corylus heterophylla Fisch Against Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Infection

Lee, Jae-Sook,Kwon, Dur-Han,Song, Hyea-Suk,Choi, Hwa-Jung,Yoon, Kyungah The Korean Society for Microbiology 2016 Journal of Bacteriology and Virology Vol.46 No.3

The porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) has recently been shown to cause huge economic losses in the global pork industry. Our results demonstrated that the extract dose-dependently inhibited the replication of PEDV and reduced the visible cytopathic effect (CPE). Treatment with C. heterophylla Fisch extract resulted in marked reduction of PEDV-induced cytokine and chemokine expression. The antiviral activity of C. heterophylla Fisch extract on PEDV replication was found to be primarily exerted at the early stages after infection. Taken together, our data indicate that C. heterophylla Fisch extract may be a good therapeutic agent for use against PEDV and also a potential candidate to be evaluated against other human and animal coronaviruses.

Antiviral Activity of Corylus heterophylla Fisch Against Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Infection

Jae-Sook Lee,Dur-Han Kwon,Hyea-Suk Song,Hwa-Jung Choi,Kyungah Yoon 대한미생물학회 2016 Journal of Bacteriology and Virology Vol.46 No.3

가임기 여성의 재혼과 출산 문화

이난희(Yee, Nan-hee),송혜숙(Song, Hyea-suk) 한국문화산업학회 2015 문화산업연구 Vol.15 No.4

본고는 저출산 시대를 사회의 근간을 이루는 가장 소규모 집단인 가정의 측면에서, 가정의 해체와 재혼에서의 출산문화를 살펴보고자 하였다. 연구자료는 우리나라는 재혼자의 임신 및 출산에 대한 양적 연구가 많지 않기 때문에 통계청의 혼인 및 이혼통계와 전국 출산력조사 데이터를 통해 그 관련성의 일부만을 살펴보았다. 연구결과 우리나라 15~49세 가임기여성의 재혼자 수는 초혼을 포함해서 전체 혼인자의 13.4%에 불과했다. 재혼한 여성은 이혼의 경험을 안고 있어 생애에서 중요한 변화를 겪었으며, 초혼에서부터 재혼하기까지의 기간으로 인해 초혼연령보다 평균연령이 더 높아 고위험산모가 될 가능성뿐만 아니라 산전 산후우울증이 발생할 가능성도 있었다. 그러나 이들의 추가예정 자녀 수는 1명 이상으로 초혼인 경우와 비슷한 수준의 경향을 보이고 있었다. 따라서 저출산시대에 산모 및 출생아들의 건강을 위해서는 재혼 여성과 같이 복합적으로 열악한 상황에 있는 대상자들에 대한 좀 더 세분화되고 전문화된 서비스 문화가 필요하다. The purpose of this study is to investigate the birth of remarriage after divorce in the most small groups at the same time that the foundation of the society. There are not so much in Korea that the study of pregnancy and childbirth after remarriage. Therefore, It was used for marriage and divorce statistics and national fertility survey data of theNational Statistics Office to examine the relevance of the birth after remarriage. The number of 15-49 year-old women of childbearing age is no more than 13.4% of the total marriage including first marriage. A remarried woman experienced divorce and suffered from a major change in her life, so she is likely to be a high-risk pregnant women due to between first marriage and second marriage. In addition, there are also possibilities of prenatal postpartum depression. However, the number of additional children in the future is not less than compared with the case of first marriage. Therefore, it is needed fragmented and specialized services for the subjects in a poor situation such as remarriedwomen to be health formothers and newborns in low-fertility Korea. 본고는 저출산 시대를 사회의 근간을 이루는 가장 소규모 집단인 가정의 측면에서, 가정의 해체와 재혼에서의 출산문화를 살펴보고자 하였다. 연구자료는 우리나라는 재혼자의 임신 및 출산에 대한 양적 연구가 많지 않기 때문에 통계청의 혼인 및 이혼통계와 전국 출산력조사 데이터를 통해 그 관련성의 일부만을 살펴보았다. 연구결과 우리나라 15~49세 가임기여성의 재혼자 수는 초혼을 포함해서 전체 혼인자의 13.4%에 불과했다. 재혼한 여성은 이혼의 경험을 안고 있어 생애에서 중요한 변화를 겪었으며, 초혼에서부터 재혼하기까지의 기간으로 인해 초혼연령보다 평균연령이 더 높아 고위험산모가 될 가능성뿐만 아니라 산전 산후우울증이 발생할 가능성도 있었다. 그러나 이들의 추가예정 자녀 수는 1명 이상으로 초혼인 경우와 비슷한 수준의 경향을 보이고 있었다. 따라서 저출산시대에 산모 및 출생아들의 건강을 위해서는 재혼 여성과 같이 복합적으로 열악한 상황에 있는 대상자들에 대한 좀 더 세분화되고 전문화된 서비스 문화가 필요하다. The purpose of this study is to investigate the birth of remarriage after divorce in the most small groups at the same time that the foundation of the society. There are not so much in Korea that the study of pregnancy and childbirth after remarriage. Therefore, It was used for marriage and divorce statistics and national fertility survey data of theNational Statistics Office to examine the relevance of the birth after remarriage. The number of 15-49 year-old women of childbearing age is no more than 13.4% of the total marriage including first marriage. A remarried woman experienced divorce and suffered from a major change in her life, so she is likely to be a high-risk pregnant women due to between first marriage and second marriage. In addition, there are also possibilities of prenatal postpartum depression. However, the number of additional children in the future is not less than compared with the case of first marriage. Therefore, it is needed fragmented and specialized services for the subjects in a poor situation such as remarriedwomen to be health formothers and newborns in low-fertility Korea.

의료문화산업시장의 공공병원과 민간병원의 재원일수 차이 분석

곽진미(Kwak, Jin-Mi),송혜숙(Song, Hyea-suk) 한국문화산업학회 2024 문화산업연구 Vol.24 No.3

This study analyzed the difference in the length of stay between public and private hospitals in the healthcare culture industry market for health insurance patients. To control for patient characteristics that might affect the length of stay, Propensity Score Matching (PSM) was used. The analysis was conducted on matched patients frompublic and private hospitals. After controlling for patient characteristics and structural factors of medical institutions, the analysis revealed that the length of stay for health insurance patients in public hospitals was significantly longer than in private hospitals. This could be due to the higher proportion of patientswith chronic diseases and those requiring long-termcare in public hospitals, as well as differences in supply factors in the provision of medical services. In studies on the length of stay in public and private hospitals, it is necessary to propose more rational length of stay management measures that consider the unique characteristics of medical institutions and patient composition, rather than focusing solely on reducing the length of stay to improve profitability and operational performance.

주민센터 건축물의 석면함유 자재 사용 및 위해등급 평가에 관한 연구

정준식(Joon-sig Jung),송혜숙(Hyea-suk Song),김지흔(Ji-heun Kim),이원정(Won-jeong Lee),김윤신(Yoon-shin Kim),전형진(Hyung-jin Jeon) 한국생활환경학회 2015 한국생활환경학회지 Vol.22 No.3

The aim of this study is to identify the characteristics of asbestos containing materials and risk assessment in Community Service Centes. We investigated 133 CSCs between January and December in 2009. We collected presumed asbestos containing materials according to EPA AHERA, and analyzed it by US EPA method 600/R/116. The airborne samples of CSCs were analyzed by Phase Contrast Microscopy. For the survey on ACM risk assessment, we sed both ASTM rule and Korea ACM risk assessment by the Korea ministry of employment and labor. The results were as follows. Detection rate of the ACM in CSCs showed that before 1970’s, 1970’s, 1980’s, 1990’s, 2000’s buildings were 40%, 100%, 85.7%, 92.3% and 46.4%, respectively. The miscellaneous materials showed that a high detection rate were gasket (100%), wall cement flat board (96.2%) and ceiling textile (74.9%). Ceiling textiles contained chrysolite/amosite (1 and 6%) and cement flat boards contained chrysolite (6 and 15%), gasket contained chrysolite (5 and 40%). The airborne concentration of fiber materials were ranged with 0.003~0.004 f/cc in CSCs by PCM. In this study, ASTM rule of asbestos material showed that 2 materials were “Abatement” grade and 309 materials were “Q&M” grade. And, adjusted Korea ACM risk assessment showed that 36 materials were “Fair” and 278 materials were “Good”. Study results can be used for data of asbestos use and management plane at Community Service Centers.

일부 학교 건축물의 석면함유 건축자재(ACM) 특성과 위해등급에 관한 연구

정준식(Jung, Joon-sig),박형규(Park, Hyung-kyu),송혜숙(Song, Hyea-suk),이원정(Lee, Won-jeong),김윤신(Kim, Yoon-shin),전형진(Jeon, Hyung-jin) 한국산학기술학회 2015 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.16 No.7

본 연구의 목적인 우리나라 일부 학교의 석면함유 건축자재을 조사하고 EPA AHERA rule과 ASTM rule을 적용하여 위해성평가를 실시하였다. 총 100개 학교를 2010년 1월부터 12월까지 조사하였다. 건축년도에 따른 ACM 검출율은 1980년대 이전 건축물은 100%, 1990년대 이전은 94.1%, 2000년대 이전은 100%, 2000대 이후는 62.5%로 나타났다. 학교별 ACM 검출율은 유치원과 고등학교는 100%, 초등학교는 97.1%, 중학교는 92.9%, 특수학교 는 80%로 나타났다. 천장 텍스는 2∼8 %의 백석면과 갈석면, 밤라이트 보드는 6∼11 %의 백석면이 검출되었다. 또한 개스 킷과 슬레이트 지붕은 각각 16∼17 %, 10∼13 %의 백석면이 검출되었다. EPA AHERA rule을 이용하여 ACM의 위해성 평가를 실시한 결과, 모든 건축자재는 “Pool” 등급이 나왔으며, ASTM rule 평가에서는 모든 ACM이 “Q&M program”이 필요한 것으로 나타났다. The objective of this study is to investigate the distribution of asbestos containing materials and to evaluate risk assessment method in some schools, Korea. For the survey on ACM risk assessment, we used both EPA AHERA rule and ASTM rule. We investigated 100 schools between January and December in 2010. Detection rate of the ACM according to construction year showed that before 1980’s, 1990’s, 2000’s, after 2000’s buildings were 100%, 94.1%, 100% and 62.5%, respectively. Compared with school types, detection rate of the ACM in Kindergarten, Elementary, Middle, High, Special Education schools were 100%, 97.1%, 92.9%, 100%, 80%, respectively. Ceiling textiles contained chrysolite/mixed amosite(2∼8 %) and wall cement flat boards contained chrysolite(6∼11 %). Also, gasket contained chrysolite(16∼17 %), slate roof contained chrysolite(10∼13 %). In this study, risk assessment EPA AHERA rule of ACM showed that all materials were “Pool” grade. And, ASTM rule risk assessment showed that all materials were “Q&M program” grade.