The expression patterns of RANKL and OPG in murine tooth eruption

Hwang, Kyung-Mun,Kim, Eun-Jung,Kim, Hyun-Jung,,Kim, Young-Jin,Nam, Soon-Hyeun 大韓小兒齒科學會 2006 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.33 No.2

치아의 맹출은 치아기 (dental organ)와 치조골의 세포와 연관된 매우 복잡한 과정이다. 우선 치아 맹출이 일어나기 전에 파골세포가 치낭으로 집결하게 된다. 이러한 치낭의 역할은 파골세포와 조골세포의 상호작용으로 이루어 지는 골개조와 밀접한 관련이 있는데, 이는 치아 맹출과 연관된 많은 유전자들이 치낭에서 발현되기 때문이다. RANKL는 TNF ligand family로써 조골세포에 존재하며 파골세포의 형성 및 전구세포로 부터의 활성화를 유도한다. 이러한 RANKL은 OPG에 의해 그 작용이 억제되며 RANKL와 OPG의 상대적인 비율이 파골세포의 형성에 영향을 미친다. 또한 Runx2유전자의 변이는 조골세포의 분화와 활성에 차질을 가져오고 결국 RANKL/OPG pathway를 통해 파골세포 형성에 영향을 줄 수 있다. 치아의 발육 및 맹출에 미치는 RANKL 및 OPG의 영향을 알아보고 Runx2와의 연관성을 알아보기 위해 in situ hybridization 방법으로 태생 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11일된 쥐의 하악 및 제1대구치를 사용하여 실험을 실시한 결과 RANKL, OPG, Runx2의 mRNA가 태생 1일부터 11일까지 치낭 및 치아주위조직에 특성있게 나타났다. 이중 태생 5일에서 9일 사이에 RANKL 및 Runx2는 치아의 교합면측과 하방 치조골 부위의 발현이 강하게 나타난 반면 OPG는 약한 발현을 보였다. 이는 또한 파골세포의 활성부위를 알아보기 위해 TRAP염색을 실시하여 태생 5일에서 9일 사이에 최대의 활성화를 나타낸 결과와 연광성 있게 나타났다. RANKL, OPG, Runx2의 특성있는 발현양상들을 종합해 볼 때, 치아 맹출은 치낭, 치아기, 치조골 사이의 상호 작용을 통해 이루어 지며, 이는 치낭이 치아 맹출에 있어서 매우 중요하다는 것을 의미한다. 또한, 이러한 유전자들 (RANKL, OPG, Runx2) 이 치아의 맹출에 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 사료된다. Tooth eruption is a complex and tightly regulated process that involves cells of the tooth organ and the surrounding alveolus. Osteoclast precursors must be recruited into the dental follicle prior to the onset of eruption. This function of dental follicle may be regarded as the ability of bone remodeling characterized by the interaction of osteoclasts and osteoblasts. This is because tooth eruption is a localized event in which many of the genes required for eruption are expressed in the dental follicle. RANKL is a membrane-bound protein that is a member of the TNF ligand family, which is present on bone marrow stromal cells and osteoblasts, and induces osteoclast formation and activation from precursor cell. The biologic effect of RANKL is inhibited by OPG and, in bone, the relative ratio of RANKL and OPG modulates osteoclastogenesis. To evaluate the roles of RANKL and OPG in tooth eruption and the relations with the expression pattern of Runx2, in situ hybridization was performed with mandibles of mice at postnatal stage 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11. mRNA of RANKL, OPG, and Runx2 are expressed in dental follicle and surrounding tissue from P1 to 11. To determine the sites of osteoclastic activity duing tooth eruption, mandibles were dissected. Peak osteoclastic activity in alveolar bone along the occlusal and basal regions was observed from P5 to 9, with osteoclasts in these regions being large and strongly TRAP-positive. The specific spatic-temporal expression patterns of RANKL, OPG and Runx2 in our study suggest that tooth eruption could be progressed through the interactions of molecular signaling among dental follicle, dental organ and alveolar bone, furthermore it means that dental follicle is quite important in tooth eruption. In addition, it indicates that these genes (RANKL, OPG, and Runx2) play critical roles in tooth eruption.

그라프트 중합에 의한 클로로프렌 고무의 물성에 관한 연구

황승순,이상호,손진언,박동원 동아대학교 생산기술연구소 2002 生産技術硏究所硏究論文集 Vol.7 No.1

Graft-copolymerization were performed with poly(chloroprene) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) in order to determined the effects of initiator concentration, reaction time, and nitrogen purging on the kinetics of the copolymerization and physical properties of the copolymer. At high concentrations of initiator poly(chloroprene-graft-methyl methacrylate) is more viscous in case that nitrogen is purged during the copolymerization, compare to the copolymerization under air environment. The conversion of MMA increases with the concentration of initiator while the elongation of the copolymer maintains relatively steady. After the copolymerization elapses around 3 hours with nitrogen purging, the viscosity of the copolymer increases rapidly. However, the viscosity is almost steady regardless of time under air environment. Whereas the conversion of MMA increases with reaction time, the efficiency of grafting decreases. The graft copolymer prepared in air has relativity constant tensile strengths of 200 Kgf/cm2. The copolymer prepared with nitrogen purging has tensile strengths grater than 250 Kgf/cm2 and shows a maximum value, 275 Kgf/cm2, at the reaction time of 2.5 hours. Drying the solvents used to make chloroprene adhesive is faster in order of methyl alcohol, methyl cyclopentane, o-xylene, and cyclohexane.

대뇌실질에 발생한 포도낭미충증 -증례 보고-

김상진,김진용,박상근,고원규,신형식,황용순 대한신경외과학회 1999 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.28 No.9

鋼纖維콘크리트의 異形鐵筋과의 附着耐力에 관한 實驗的 硏究

黃弘淳,金鎭泳 한밭대학교 산업과학기술연구소 1993 논문집 Vol.1 No.-

This investigation was conducted to study the effect of bond and slip of reinforcing deformed bars in steel fiber concrete. The experimental study were made to compare the resistance to slip deformed bars in non mixed with steel fiber concrete and mixed with steel fiber concrete through pull-out test in this paper. The capacities of bond and slip of deformed bars in mixed with steel fiber concrete are discussed. The conclussion are as follows. (1) The maximum bond stress increase with the increase of the compressive strength of the concrete. (2) The value of μ_amax/_cσ_c decrease with the increase of compressive strength of the concrete (3) The maximum bond stress of concrete increase with the mixed with steel fiber compare to non mixed with steel fiber.

環境條件이 다른 두 湖水에 있어서 植物成 Plankton 群集의 特性에 關한 硏究 : II. 植物性 Plankton 群集의 種構性 變動 Ⅱ. Seasonal changes in phytoplankton

黃淳珍,玄在善 서울大學校 農科大學 1986 서울대농학연구지 Vol.11 No.1

A study was made to examine some of the community characteristics of phytoplankton in two reservoirs, having different environmental conditions, on the outskirts of Suwon city, Kyonggi province. Monthly samples were taken from September, 1984, to August 1985, using Kemmlerer, except December, 1984. Total identified species of phytoplankton were 142 in 66 genera, and the numbers of species were 96 in 52 genera for Ilweol reservoir, and 117 species in 60 genera for Ucheon reservoir. The average densities of the phytoplankton were much greater in Ilweol reservoir than in Ucheon reservoir, and the differences were greater at the time of blooms. The blooms of phytoplankton were in May, July and September for Ilweol reservoir while they were in April, July and September for Ucheon reservoir. The dominant taxonomic groups were Oscillatoria, Anabaena, Microcystis, Merismopedia, Scenedesmus. Micractinium, Ankistrodesmus, Golenkinia and Cyclotela for Ilweol Reservoir. While they were Synedra, Fragilaria, Tabellaria, Staurastrum Characium, Pleurotaenium, Asterococcus, Chlorella, and Oscillatoria for Ucheon reservoir, depending on the Seasons. The dominance indices of phytoplankton were greater throughout the year at Ilweol reservoir, while species diversity components, Shanno-Weaver, evenness, and variety indices, were greater in Ucheon reservoir. From the results of the biological indicators in the phytoplankton species, Ilweol reservoir seemed to be already eutrophicated and Ucheon reservoir seemed to be on the way to the mesotrophic state.

울산시 보건소 당뇨교실에 참가한 당뇨환자의 식습관 실태에 관한 연구

홍순명,황혜진,최순호,정은미 울산대학교 2000 생활과학논문집 Vol.2 No.1

본 연구의 목적은 당뇨환자의 특성, 식사조절, 운동여부와 그 외의 식습관을 조사함으로써, 이를 영양교육과 영양상담을 하는 데에 있어 기초자료로 이용하고자 한다. 울산시 동구 보건소를 내원한 당뇨환자 112명을 대상으로 조사한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 대상자의 당뇨보유기간은 7.58 ± 7.30년이었고, 공복시 혈당과 식후 2시간 후 혈당은 각각 180.92 ± 71.42mg/dl 247.64 ± 105.26mg/dl으며, 합병증 증세로는 저혈당 증세가 가장 많았으며, 심혈관질환, 망막장애, 백내장, 당뇨족, 신장장애, 말초신경장애 등 여러 합병증도 존재함을 알 수 있었다. 당뇨병으로 인한 증상으로는 눈흐림 50.5%, 피로 46.7%로 대부분의 조사대상자가 느끼는 증상이었고, 그 외 잦은 소변, 갈증, 짜증, 기타 증상(손발 절임, 어지러움, 몸이 무겁다, 변비, 가래)이 나타났다. 조사대상자들의 38%는 식사조절을 하였으나 대부분이 식품 교환표를 이용하지 않는 것으로 나타났고, 음주와 흡연을 한다는 경우는 각각 15.7%로 나타났다. 보건소를 이용하는 환자들은 대부분 고령인 점을 고려하여 이들이 쉽게 이해할 수 있으며 식생활에 적응할 수 있는 영양교육프로그램의 개발이 필요하다고 본다. The purpose of this study is to investigate the diabetes subject of health center for nutrition education. 112 subjects were evaluated with Questionnaire., Diabetic duration were 7.58 years and the fasting and 2-hour postprandial glucose level were 180.92 ±71.42mg/dl, 247.64 ± 105.26mg/dl. The complications were hypoglycemia > weakness in legs > renal, failure > peripheral neural disorder, and diabetic symptoms were sight disturbance > fatigue> polyuria. 62% of subjects were not executed diet therapy and 15.7% of subject had drinking and smoking habit. The most influential referents were medical professionals including doctors, nurses, dieticians, so their role in diet therapy should be emphasized. Since diabetic patients commuting to a local health center were mainly illiterate and received little formal education, it is very important to develop and assess appropriate nutrition education for them.

정신보건법의 주요 쟁점 조항에 대한 선진국과의 사례 비교

홍진표,황순찬,박수빈,서동우,정은기,김진학,박종익,안주연,김수정,장홍석 大韓神經精神醫學會 2009 신경정신의학 Vol.48 No.2

Objectives The Mental Health Act is an initiative aimed at changing and shaping mental health services and protecting human rights of persons with mental disorders. Since the Mental Health Act was legislated in 1995, four amendments have been made according to the issues that arose from public concerns. However, there are still many debates about the human rights protection of the mentally iII. This study aimed to provide information regarding major aspects of the Mental Health Act by comparing them among several developed countries. Methods Current Mental Health Acts of the state of Michigan in the United States, Scotland in England, the state of Victoria in Australia, and Japan were reviewed. Issues regarding the Korean Mental Health Act were collected from seminar materials, news media contents, and mental health professionals Results The definition of subjects in Korean Mental Health Act was more inclusive than other countries and was derived from a medical classification of mental illness. Family members or guardians were granted important responsibilities for deciding the involuntary admission of mentally ill patients in Korea and Japan. In Western countries, Mental Health Review Tribunals or courts have the primary responsibility for important decisions about mentally ill patients. The regulation of immediate dis- charge after request by voluntarily admitted patients was not enacted in all countries except Korea. The mandatory procedure for involuntary admission in Western countries includes an individual case review with personal interview by a Mental Health Review Tribunal or court. Conclusion The Korean Mental Health Act appears to meet the basic standards of Guidelines from international organizations. Our traditional culture and inherent health systems seem to influence the legal regulation of mental health service and might be related to the problems of human rights protection of mentally ill patients in Korea.

미기상규모 영역의 온실기체 승온효과에 관한 수치연구

이순환,서광수,김동희,황수진 한국대기환경학회 2004 한국대기환경학회지 Vol.20 No.3

The change of land use such as the construction of way in mountainous area and tunnel leads to the quantitative change of the greenhouse gas. This study tried to clarify the effect of the change of land use around Miryang Ice Valley on thermal environment of micro-meteorological scale by numerical experiment. We carried out several numerical experiment under different atmospheric conditions with different amount of greenhouse gases. Heating rate increased by the greenhouse gas in the ground level is average of 0.0073 K/day. And the increasing rate is smaller than the daily average heat crossing quantity.

Goretex를 이용한 융비술

최진영,민철기,명훈,황순정,서병무,이종호,정필순,김명진 大韓顎顔面成形再建外科學會 2003 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.25 No.4

융비술시 실리콘 고무는 다루기 쉽고 조직 반응이 적어 현대 많이 돌출의 합병증이 생길 수 있다. 저자등은 이러한 실리콘의 단점을 보완할 수 있는 goretex를 사용하여 융비술을 시행하고 비첨에 대해서 자가연골을 이식하여 만족할 만한 결과를 얻었기에 goretex가 안면부 연조직의 증강을 위한 이식재료로 적합하다고 생각되어 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다. Many different materials have been used to provide augmentation of the nasal dorsum. this include both autogenous and homogenous materials,as well as allografts. Silicone among the artificial materials has been most widely used. The silicone has some advantages and disadvantages. Goretex(expanded polytetra-fluoroethylene) which has widely used in vascular surgery and abdominal surgery can be used for facial soft tissue augmentation. The author presemts 2 cases of nasal augmentaion using goretex with literature review.

실험적으로 유발한 가토의 급성 상악동염에서 sialoglycoconjugates의 표현양상

조진학,황순재 고려대학교 의과대학 1996 고려대 의대 잡지 Vol.33 No.1

The present study was carried out in order to observe the changes in the expression of the sialoglycoconjugates of the rabbit sinus mucosa in the acute maxillary sinusitis model utilizing a biotin labeled lectins for light microscopy and lectin-gold complexes for eletron microscopy with three different lectins; Maackia amurensis (MAA), Wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) and Sambucus nigra (SNA). A comparison of the affinity of these lectins demonstrated the different distribution of sialoglycoconjugates in the ciliary layer and goblet cells. The normal sinus mucosa stained with three types of lectins showed that the sialoglycoconjugates were mainly distributed in the ciliary layer and goblet cells, and that their ultrastructural localization was restricted to the surface of the cilia, microvilli and secretory granules. Moreover, the main sugar residues of the sialoglycoconjugates were found to be consisted of Neu5Ac( 2,3)Gal, GlcNAc and Neu5Ac. Influenza A virus infection decreased the staining intensity of the mucosa with MAA, but not with WGA. In sinus mucosa infected with S. pneumoniae 7 days after Influenza A virus inoculation, however, these findings reverted to the staining intensity shown in the normal sinus mucosa. In addition, there was a hypersecretory activity of the hyperplastic and hypertrophic goblet cells which showed the intense reactivity with MAA and WGA. All of these changes in the staining intensity were also confirmed by the electron microscopic lectin-gold complexes. These results suggest that Neu5Ac(a2,3)Gal sugar residues may be required as protecting factor or modulator for Influenza A virus and s. pnumoinae infectivity.