홧병 경험군과 홧병 비경험군간의 홧병의 질병개념에 대한 비교연구

홍진표,김창윤,이창화,김성윤,박인호,이철,한오수 울산대학교 의과대학 1995 울산의대학술지 Vol.4 No.2

Objective The concept of Hwa-byung in terms of illness entity remains vague. In order to clarify such illness entity, this study was conducted to find out differences and similarities in subjects who experienced Hwa-byung and those who did not experienced Hwa-byung from a wide distribution within the general population. Method (1) Test Material The questionnaires were made up with reference to previously published articles on Hwa-byung, to SCL-90-R and to diagnostic criteria of DSM-Ⅲ-R. The questionnaires included the subject's demographic variables, their awareness of Hwa-byung, their experience of Hwa-byung, and also their opinions about its possible causes, precipitating factors, symptomatology, effective treatment modalities, course and prognosis of Hwa-byung. Such questionnaires were given to 50 subjects, all of whom are psychiatric out-patients at Asan Medical Center, for determining its validity and reliability before selecting 27 questionnaires. (2) Subject Subjects were recruited from among patients and their family members who visited the out-patient clinics of seven different departments at Asan Medical Center in Seoul a large metropolis (N=334), the out-patient clinics of seven different departments of Hae Sung General Hospital in the industrial city of Ulsan, Korea (N=299) and the seven branches of the public health center of Yeonchun county, Korea (N=262), a rural area. From these 895 subjects, 67 subjects who don't know about Hwa-byung and 34 subjects who didn't answered to the question on experience were eliminated from study subjects. The final number of study subjects was 794. (3) Methods of analysis The subjects were divided into the Hwa-byung experienced group and the Hwa-byung inexperienced group. The demographic data and the concepts of Hwa-byung were statistically analyzed by the student t-test or the chi-sq test. Results and Discussion The mean age of the Hwa-byung experienced group is significantly higher than that of the Hwa-byung inexperienced group. MOre women experienced Hwa-byung than men and lesser educated subjects experienced significantly more Hwa-byung. The place of residence, the place of upbringing and socioeconomic status have no significant difference statistically between the two groups. Both groups considered the primary cause of Hwa-byung as being psychological origin. However in the Hwa-byung experienced group, more subjects considered that the supernatural factor was the primary cause of Hwa-byung. One of the primary precipitating events causing Hwa-byung in both groups is conflict in interpersonal relationships ; however, the Hwa-byung inexperienced group exhibited more experiences in the realm of economical losses such as "failure of business" or "loss of capital" as precipitating factors causing Hwa-byung. Both groups consider that the symptoms of Hwa-byung are a combination of multiple physical and mental symptoms. With particular respect to in mental symptoms, such as depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms and hostility are thought to be prominent features. As effective treatment modalities, subjects in both groups consider that both himself and his family members should make effort to resolve intrafamilial conflicts. But in contrast with the Hwa-byung inexperienced group, the Hwa-byung experienced group requires more concrete and more attention-giving modalities as important treatment strategies. The Hwa-byung experienced group considers its prognosis more grave than the Hwa-byung inexperienced group.

Multinational Lodging Firms’ Foreign Market Development Strategy

Hong,Jung-Hwa 한국문화관광학회 2009 문화관광연구 Vol.11 No.2

The purpose of this study is to investigate the determinants which influence the development strategy of multinational lodging firm. Once identified, an attempt was made to determine if there was any relationship which existed between these factors and development strategy choices. This effort was initially influenced by the transaction cost analysis(TCA) which insists firm chooses development strategy which minimize the all costs associated with its integration. Certain unique characteristics of multinational hotel business have been considered when selecting the variables for the empirical research. The empirical framework with eight variables was established and 130 multinational hotel developments were included in the sample and ordered logit model was used to analyzed the sample. The findings from the research included eight hypotheses that explain the relationships among the influential factors and development strategies in the multinational hotels. Although numerous factors appear to influence a company’s particular choice of development strategy in a given situation, uncertainty factors show the most significance.

한국 직업지위 지수

유홍준(Yoo Hong Joon),김월화(Kim Worl Hwa) 한국사회학회 2006 韓國社會學 Vol.40 No.6

사람의 일생에서 생활의 중심이라고 할 수 있는 직업과 관련된 연구는 매우 중요하며, 특히 직업의 위계에 따라 달리 부여되는 직업위세는 한 사회의 계층구조를 드러내는 강력한 지표이기 때문에 이에 대한 연구는 필수적이다. 본 연구의 목적은 ‘한국표준직업분류’에 따른 직업별 직업지위 점수를 산출하고, 지난 25년간 우리나라의 직업지위 변화를 비교분석해 보는 것이다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 이전까지의 연구들에서 조사된 주관적 직업위세와 이 연구에서 계산된 직업지위간의 상관관계는 0.87로, 수입과 교육으로 계산된 직업지위와 주관적으로 부여된 직업위세가 상당히 일치하였다. 둘째, 현재 직업지위 구조의 전반적인 양상은 직업대분류에 따라 역(逆)대각선의 형태로 나타났다. 즉, 대분류 1에서 9로 갈수록 평균적 직업지위가 대체로 하강한다. 셋째, 직업지위 결정에 있어서 1975년에는 직업지위에 미치는 영향력에 있어서 교육에 비하여 수입의 영향력이 높았던데 반해, 2000년에는 수입에 비해 교육의 영향력이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 1975년과 2000년의 직업지위를 비교해 보면, 직업지위 간 상관관계가 0.81로 대체로 안정적인 것으로 나타났으며, 직업지위 변화의 대체적인 경향은 상승세이다. 구체적으로 직업대분류별 직업지위의 변화를 살펴보면, ‘0 의회의원, 고위임직원 및 관리자’에 속하는 직업들의 직업지위가 크게 높아졌고, ‘4 서비스 종사자’ 및 ‘5 판매 종사자’의 직업지위는 대체로 상승하였다. 반면에 ‘2 기술공 및 준전문가’ 및 ‘3 사무종사자’는 전반적으로 직업지위가 하락한 것으로 나타났다. 한편 ‘1 전문가’나 ‘6 농업 및 어업 종사자’, ‘7 기능원 및 관련 기능 종사자’, ‘8장치, 기계조작 및 조립 종사자’, ‘9 단순노무 종사자’의 경우에는 일부 직업의 직업지위는 상승한 반면에, 일부 직업의 직업지위는 낮아져서 이중성을 보인다. 다섯째, 1975년에 비해 2000년에는 직업위세와 직업지위간의 상관관계가 낮아지며, 회귀식의 설명력 역시 낮아졌다. 이러한 결과는 직업지위의 결정에 교육과 수입만으로 설명되지 않 는 부분이 더 증가한다는 것을 의미하며, 따라서 직업지위에 영향을 미치는 다른 변인에 대한 연구가 추후 지속적으로 이루어질 필요가 있다. The major purpose of this research is to construct the Occupational Status Score Scheme for Korean occupations based on KSCO(Korean Standard Classification of Occupations).The second purpose is to analyze the trends in changes of status scores during the last 25 years. The equation is withdrawn with the median value of education from 2000 Census and the median value of income from 2002 KLIPS(Korea Labor Institute Panel Survey) as independent variables and with the 'subjective perception for occupational prestige' taken from 2000 Equity Survey as a measure of dependent variable. The results are compared with Hong's(1983) to analyze the patterns of change. The overall pattern of occupational status shows a reversed diagonal line, which represents that the status ranking is higher if the one-digit KSCO score is smaller. During the last 25 years, those occupations in categories number 0, 4, and 5 have experienced increase of occupational status score, while those in categories number 2 and 3 have experienced decrease. The other occupations belong to categories number 1, 6, 7, 8 and 9 have shown a sort of dualistic pattern, some of which are increased while the others are decreased.

과학(생물)교과 서술형·논술형 평가 문항 자료 개발

홍명지,정화숙 경북대학교사범대학과학교육연구소 2006 科學敎育硏究誌 Vol.30 No.-

수술실 손 소독제의 종류에 따른 균주 수의 변화

홍성윤,김정민,김소영,이수정,오은실,양서인,김화실,김남초 병원간호사회 2006 임상간호연구 Vol.11 No.2

Purpose: The present study purposed to compare the hand washing effect of 7.5% powidone-iodine, which is used in the operation room of C university hospital in Seoul, with that of Ethyl alcohol-CHG mixture recommended by the US Association of Operating Room Nurses (2002) and to adopt a more effective hand disinfectant. Method: In a quasi-experimental design, 48 medical staff who participated in operations during the period from November 2004 to February 2005 had hand washing using the two kinds of hand disinfectants: 7.5% povidone-iodine and the ethyl alcohol-CHG mixture. Their palms were swabbed and cultured just after hand washing and again after taking dff sterile gloves after the operation. The number of colonies from the two occasions were counted and compared. Result: The number of general bacillus increased significantly in the group using 7.5% povidone-iodine compared to that in the group using the ethyl alcohol-CHG mixture. The number of general bacillus increased signficantly in doctors compared to that in nurses. The factors affecting the increase of the number of general bacillus were disinfectants and medical personnel. The number of general bacillus was expected to increase 9.41 times with 7.5% povidone-iodine than with the ethyl alcohol-CHG mixture and 14.87 times in doctors than in nurses. Conclusion: This study shows that the ethyl alcogol-CHG mixture has a stronger hand disinfection effect than 7.5% povidone iodine. Thus we need to change the hand disinfectant used in operating rooms as soon as possible in order to minimize the infection of wounds resulting from operations.

두피에 발생한 악성림프종 1례

정화영,송홍석,정강호 啓明大學校 醫科大學 1993 계명의대학술지 Vol.12 No.3

A case of primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of scalp is presented. The patient is 16-year-old male who has develped 10×15cm huse scalp tumor on left frontal head with both cervical lymph node enlagement. The CT presentation of slightly isodense soft tissue mass lesion without rim enhancement on left scalp was found. Magnetic resonance imaging of head showed that tumors invaded outer table of the skull focally. There were no other extra cutaneous manifestations. Biopsy of tumor revealed diffuse poorly differentiated lymphocytic type of malignant lymphoma. The patient was treated with six cycles of COPBLAM-V chemotherapy that resulted in complete remission. Four months after the completion of chemotherapy, the left preauricular lymph node was enlarged. Biopsy revealed same pathology with that of scalp. Again he obtained a complete response with combination chemotherapy.

컨버터로 제어되는 유도전동기 드라이브 시스템의 손실 모델링

정동화,이정철,박기태,이홍균 순천대학교 1999 순천대학교 자연과학논문집 Vol.18 No.2

An accurate loss model of induction motor drive controlled by the converter is proposed. Steady state fundamental and hamonics loss characteristics, besides the dynamics of the machine are analyzed and incorporated in the model, resulting in a new synchronous frame dynamics d-q equivalent circuit. The converter system has been modeled accurately for condition and switching losses.

비호지킨씨 림프종에서 COPBLAM-V 복합화학요법의 치료효과

송홍석,정화영,남계윤 啓明大學校 醫科大學 1993 계명의대학술지 Vol.12 No.2

1989년 3월부터 1992년 6월사이에 계명대학교 의과대학 내과학교실에서 stage II, III 및 IV의 intermediate-grade 림프종환자 29례를 대상으로 COPBLAM-V 복합화학요법으로 치료한 결과 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 총 29례 환자 중 18례(62.1%)에서 완전관해,11례(37.9%)에서 부분관해로 총관해율은 100%였고, 나이 조직형 병기 B증상유무에 따른 차이는 없으나 남자는 완해율을 보였다. 전체환자의 중앙생존기간은 36.8개월로 1년, 2년, 3년 4년 생존율은 각기 68.0%, 68.0%, 54.4%, 40.8%였고, 조직형에 따른 생존율의 차이는 없으나 남자와 여자(P 0.025), stage II III IV (p 0.001), Stage A와 B(p 0.001)사이는 유의한 차이를 나타내어, 여자이거나 나이가 많거나 진행병기 그리고 B증상이 동반된 경우 생존율이 낮았다. 각 약제의 RDI는 Cyclophosphamide 0.722, oncovin 0.773, dexamethasone o.785, bleomycin o.763, adriamycin 0.720, procarbazine 0.776로 남녀 연령 조직형 B증상유무 재발유무 및 치료반응에 따른 각 약제의 RDI의 차이는 없었고, RDI와 생존기간과는 서로 상관관계가 없었으나 총림프구수와 생존기간 사이에는 유의한 (p 0.001) 상관관계를 나타내었다. COPBLAM-V치료후 grade III 및 IV의 부작용은 빈혈 13.6%, 백혈구감소증 44.9%, 구토 22.8%, 탈모증 34.5% 그리고 간기능저하와 감염이 각기 3.4%에서 동반되었으며, 이 중 1례에서 패혈증으로 인하여 사망하였다. Between March 1989 and June 1992, 29 patients with advanced stage, intermdiate-grade non Hodgkin's lymphoma were treated with a COPBLAM-V regimen including cyclophosphamide, oncovin, prednisolone, bleomycin, adriamycin, procarbazine. Median age was 45.7 years and 5 patients were 60 years or old. 18 patients(62.1%) achieved a complete response(CR) and 11 patients(37.9%) had a partial response. Of the 18 CRs, 7 patients(38.9%) suffered a relapse. The median survival time was 36.8 months, and 4-year survival rate was 40.8% ad disease free survival for CRs was 55.2% with a median follow-up of 18.6 months. Male gender was negatively associated with respones rate and age greater than 60 years, female sex, stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ, B symptoms, decreased lymphocyte count significantly decreased survival rate. But relative dose intensity of drugs did not influence the outcome. Overall toxicity was acceptible with 1 treatment- related death due to sepsis. The incidence of nonfatal infection was 17.2%.

결핵군 55 kDa 항원의 면역학적 분석

김화중,김홍성,임재현,조은경,송창화,박정규 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1999 충남의대잡지 Vol.26 No.1

Identification and characterization of mycobacterial antigens are critical for evaluation of their role in diagnosis, vaccination, and pathogenesis of mycobacterial diseases. An attempt has been made to immunologic characterize the 55 kDa protein antigen of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv which attracted our interest because it is present in high concentration in 50-80% ammonium sulfate fraction of the culture filtrate. Two monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) directed to 55 kDa antigen were produced. MAbs MT55-1 and MT55-2 reacted with a single 55 kDa protein band. On examination of degree for cross-reactivity with other mycobacterial species by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunoblotting, these antibodies reacted strongly with M. tuberculosis and M. bovis BCG, and reacted weakly with M. marinum and M. smegmatis. To investigated the subcellular distribution of MAbs defined epitopes in the 55 kDa antigen within the mycobacterium, we isolated three major subcellular factions of M. tuberculosis, namely, cell wall, cytoplasmic membrane, and cytosol, by a simple fractionation procedure. MAb MT55-1 reactive cpitope was found in the cytosol when tested by immunoblotting. A sandwich ELISA was initially developed for detecting 55 kDa antigen using MT55-1 MAb in mycobacterial culture filtrate before detecting it in clincal specimens. The minimal detectable concentration was 1.0 ㎍/m1 for M. tuberculosis culture filtrate and 100 ㎍/ml for sonic extracts of M. bovis BCG and M. marinum, respectively. But the 55 kDa antigen was not detected in sonic extracts of other mycobacterial species examined. Although further evaluations are required, this study suggests that the 55 kDa antigen may be of interest as potential diagnostic reagent.

유도전동기의 고성능 제어를 위한 퍼지-뉴로 제어기

정동화,이정철,이홍균 국립7개대학공동논문집간행위원회 2004 공업기술연구 Vol.4 No.-

This paper proposes a fuzzy neural network controller based on the vector controlled induction motor drive system. The hybrid combination of fuzzy control and neural network will produce a powerful representation flexibility and numerical processing capability. Also, this paper is proposed estimation and control of speed of induction motor using ANN Controller. The back propagation neural network technique is used to provide a real time adaptive estimation of the motor speed. The error between the desired state variable and the actual one is back-propagated to adjust the rotor speed, so that the actual state variable will coincide with the desired one. The back propagation mechanism is easy to derive and the estimated speed tracks precisely the actual motor speed. This paper is proposed the theoretical analysis as well as the simulation results to verify the effectiveness of the new method.