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Controlling the drug-resistant tuberculosis epidemic in India: challenges and implications
Aliabbas A,Husain1,Andreas Kupz,Rajpal S,Kashyap 한국역학회 2021 Epidemiology and Health Vol.43 No.-
India has a higher tuberculosis (TB) burden than any other country, accounting for an estimated one-fourth of the global burden. Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) presents a major public health problem in India. Patients with DR-TB often require profound changes in their drug regimens, which are invariably linked to poor treatment adherence and sub-optimal treatment outcomes compared to drug-sensitive TB. The challenge of addressing DR-TB is critical for India, as India contributes over 27% of global DR-TB cases. In recent decades, India has been proactive in its battle against TB, even implementing a revised National Strategic Plan to eliminate TB by 2025. However, to achieve this ambitious goal, the country will need to take a multifaceted approach with respect to its management of DR-TB. Despite concerted efforts made by the National TB Elimination Program, India faces substantial challenges with regard to DR-TB care, especially in peripheral and resource-limited endemic zones. This article describes some of the major challenges associated with mitigating the growing DR-TB epidemic in India and their implications.
Study of density of localized states in a-Ga x Se100-x alloysusing SCLC measurements
M. Husain,Shagufta B. Husain,M. Zulfequar,M.A. Majeed Khan 한국물리학회 2004 Current Applied Physics Vol.4 No.5
DC conductivity measurements have been made as a function of temperature and electric eld on a-GaxSe100-x (0≤x≤10)samples, in order to study the eect of the electric eld and temperature on the conduction mechanism. The present paper reports themeasurements on space charge limited conduction (SCLC) in vacuum evaporated amorphous thin lms of a-GaxSe100-x where 0≤x≤10. At high fields (~10⁴V/cm), the current could be tted to the theory of space charge limited conduction, in case ofuniform distribution of localized states in the mobility gap of these materials. The addition of Gallium (Ga) in a-GaxSe100-x results in an increase in the density of localized states and hence an increase in conductivity.
Gulam Mohammed Husain,Syed Shoeb Ahmed,Misbahuddin Azhar,Javed Inam Siddiqui,Mohammad Abdul Waheed,Munawwar Husain Kazmi 한국한의학연구원 2017 Integrative Medicine Research Vol.6 No.1
Background: Jawarish Jalinoos (JJ) is a classical semisolid traditional Unani formulation clinically used for the treatment of weakness of vital organs, liver, and stomach. Although JJ has been widely used clinically for several decades, no scientific report is available for its safety. Methods: JJ and its sugar-free tablet version (SFJJ; formulated to target diabetic population) were assessed for safety in rats. Ninety-day repeated dose oral toxicity study was performed as per the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Guideline 408. JJ was orally administered at the dose of 2000 mg/kg bw/d, whereas SFJJ was orally administered at the doses of 506 mg/kg body weight (bw)/d, 1012 mg/kg bw/d, and 2024 mg/kg bw/d for 90 days. The animals were periodically observed for clinical signs of toxicity, mortality, morbidity, body weight changes, and feed consumption. At the end of the study, hematology, clinical biochemistry, electrolytes, gross pathology, relative organ weight, and histological examination were performed. Results: Treatment with SFJJ and JJ showed no significant differences in body weight gain, feed consumption, hematology, clinical biochemistry, and serum electrolytes. No gross pathological findings and differences in relative organ weights were observed between control and drug treated rats. Histological examination revealed no toxicologically significant abnormalities related with SFJJ or JJ treatment. Conclusion: The 90-day repeated dose oral toxicity study demonstrates that the no observed adverse effect level of SFJJ and JJ is greater than 2024 mg/kg bw/d and 2000 mg/kg bw/d (p.o.) in rats, respectively. Both formulations were found to be safe up to the tested dose levels and experimental conditions, and therefore safe for clinical use as specified in the literature.
Husain, I.,Ahmed, A.,Rumana, G. Mattoo The Korean Society for Computational and Applied M 2009 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.27 No.1
A multiobjective variational problem involving higher order derivatives is considered and Fritz-John and Karush-Kuhn-Tucker type optimality conditions for this problem are derived. As an application of Karush-Kuhn-Tucker optimality conditions, Wolfe type dual to this variational problem is constructed and various duality results are validated under generalized invexity. Some special cases are mentioned and it is also pointed out that our results can be considered as a dynamic generalization of the already existing results in nonlinear programming.
MIXED TYPE MULTIOBJECTIVE VARIATIONAL PROBLEMS WITH HIGHER ORDER DERIVATIVES
Husain, I.,Ahmed, A.,Rumana, G. Mattoo The Korean Society for Computational and Applied M 2009 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.27 No.1
A mixed type dual for multiobjective variational problem involving higher order derivatives is formulated and various duality results under generalized invexity are established. Special cases are generated and it is also pointed out that our results can be viewed as a dynamic generalization of existing results in the static programming.
ON VARIATIONAL PROBLEMS INVOLVING HIGHER ORDER DERIVATIVES
HUSAIN, I.,JABEEN, Z. 한국전산응용수학회 2005 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.17 No.1
Fritz John, and Karush-Kuhn-Tucker type optimality conditions for a constrained variational problem involving higher order derivatives are obtained. As an application of these Karush-Kuhn-Tucker type optimality conditions, Wolfe and Mond-Weir type duals are formulated, and various duality relationships between the primal problem and each of the duals are established under invexity and generalized invexity. It is also shown that our results can be viewed as dynamic generalizations of those of the mathematical programming already reported in the literature.
Husain Ahmed,Dr. Abha Rajoriya 보안공학연구지원센터 2014 International Journal of u- and e- Service, Scienc Vol.7 No.5
In this paper, a comparison is made for tuning methods of PID controller to improve the performance of the position control system of DC motor. Firstly, the PID controller is tuned using conventional Ziegler –Nichols method and then by using Simulink Response Optimization tool box available in MATLAB software. Further, Fuzzy gain scheduling of PID controller is investigated in which fuzzy rules are utilized on-line to adapt the PID controller parameters based on the error and its first time derivative. The result shows that the gain scheduling scheme for DC motor position control system have presented superior performance compared to other methods.
Alkaloids from The Roots of Tabernaemontana Macrocarpa Jack
Husain, Khairana,Said, Ikram M.,Din, Laily B.,Takayama, Hiromitsu,Kitajima, Mariko,Aimi, Norio The Korean Society of Pharmacognosy 1997 Natural Product Sciences Vol.3 No.1
The roots of Tabernaemontana macrocarpa Jack (Apocynaceae) yielded nine indole alkaloids which were identified as coronaridine (2), voacangine hydroxy-indolenine (3), 3-oxo-coronaridine (4), 19-R-heyneanine (7), coronaridine pseudoindoxyl (8) and voacangine pseudoindoxyl (9) while 3-(2-oxopropyl)-coronaridine (1), 3-(2-oxopropyl)-coronaridine-pseudoindoxyl (5) and 3-(2-oxopropyl)-voacangine-pseudoindoxyl (6) were isolated as artefacts formed during the isolation process. All of the alkaloids were identified by spectroscopic methods $(UV,\;MS,\;^1H-NMR\;&\;^{13}C-NMR)$ and in comparison with the literature data.