Ginsenoside Rb1 exerts neuroprotective effects through regulation of Lactobacillus helveticus abundance and GABA<SUB>A</SUB> receptor expression

Huimin Chen,Jiajia Shen,Haofeng Li,Xiao Zheng,Dian Kang,Yangfan Xu,Chong Chen,Huimin Guo,Lin Xie,Guangji Wang,Yan Liang 고려인삼학회 2020 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.44 No.1

Background: Ginsenoside Rb1 (Rb1), one of the most abundant protopanaxadiol-type ginsenosides, exerts excellent neuroprotective effects even though it has low intracephalic exposure. Purpose: The present study aimed to elucidate the apparent contradiction between the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of Rb1 by studying the mechanisms underlying neuroprotective effects of Rb1 based on regulation of microflora. Methods: A pseudo germ-free (PGF) rat model was established, and neuroprotective effects of Rb1 were compared between conventional and PGF rats. The relative abundances of common probiotics were quantified to reveal the authentic probiotics that dominate in the neuroprotection of Rb1. The expressions of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors, including GABAA receptors (α2, β2, and γ2) and GABAB receptors (1b and 2), in the normal, ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), and I/RþRb1 rat hippocampus and striatum were assessed to reveal the neuroprotective mechanism of Rb1. Results: The results showed that microbiota plays a key role in neuroprotection of Rb1. The relative abundance of Lactobacillus helveticus (Lac.H) increased 15.26 fold after pretreatment with Rb1. I/R surgery induced effects on infarct size, neurological deficit score, and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) were prevented by colonizing the rat gastrointestinal tract with Lac.H (1×10<SUP>9</SUP> CFU) by gavage 15 d before I/R surgery. Both Rb1 and Lac.H upregulated expression of GABA receptors in I/R rats. Coadministration of a GABAA receptor antagonist significantly attenuated neuroprotective effects of Rb1 and Lac.H. Conclusion: In sum, Rb1 exerts neuroprotective effects by regulating Lac.H and GABA receptors rather than through direct distribution to the target sites.

Ginsenoside Rb1 exerts neuroprotective effects through regulation of Lactobacillus helveticus abundance and GABAA receptor expression

Huimin Chen,Jiajia Shen,Haofeng Li,Xiao Zheng,Dian Kang,Yangfan Xu,Chong Chen,Huimin Guo,Lin Xie,Guangji Wang,Yan Liang 고려인삼학회 2020 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.44 No.1

Background: Ginsenoside Rb1 (Rb1), one of the most abundant protopanaxadiol-type ginsenosides, exertsexcellent neuroprotective effects even though it has low intracephalic exposure. Purpose: The present study aimed to elucidate the apparent contradiction between the pharmacokineticsand pharmacodynamics of Rb1 by studying the mechanisms underlying neuroprotective effects ofRb1 based on regulation of microflora. Methods: A pseudo germ-free (PGF) rat model was established, and neuroprotective effects of Rb1 werecompared between conventional and PGF rats. The relative abundances of common probiotics werequantified to reveal the authentic probiotics that dominate in the neuroprotection of Rb1. The expressionsof the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors, including GABAA receptors (a2, b2, and g2) andGABAB receptors (1b and 2), in the normal, ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), and I/RþRb1 rat hippocampus andstriatum were assessed to reveal the neuroprotective mechanism of Rb1. Results: The results showed that microbiota plays a key role in neuroprotection of Rb1. The relativeabundance of Lactobacillus helveticus (Lac.H) increased 15.26 fold after pretreatment with Rb1. I/R surgeryinduced effects on infarct size, neurological deficit score, and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1b, IL-6, andTNF-a) were prevented by colonizing the rat gastrointestinal tract with Lac.H (1 109 CFU) by gavage 15d before I/R surgery. Both Rb1 and Lac.H upregulated expression of GABA receptors in I/R rats. Coadministrationof a GABAA receptor antagonist significantly attenuated neuroprotective effects of Rb1 and Lac.H. Conclusion: In sum, Rb1 exerts neuroprotective effects by regulating Lac.H and GABA receptors ratherthan through direct distribution to the target sites.

Ginsenoside Rb1 exerts neuroprotective effects through regulation of Lactobacillus helveticus abundance and GABA_A receptor expression

Chen, Huimin,Shen, Jiajia,Li, Haofeng,Zheng, Xiao,Kang, Dian,Xu, Yangfan,Chen, Chong,Guo, Huimin,Xie, Lin,Wang, Guangji,Liang, Yan The Korean Society of Ginseng 2020 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.44 No.1

Background: Ginsenoside Rb1 (Rb1), one of the most abundant protopanaxadiol-type ginsenosides, exerts excellent neuroprotective effects even though it has low intracephalic exposure. Purpose: The present study aimed to elucidate the apparent contradiction between the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of Rb1 by studying the mechanisms underlying neuroprotective effects of Rb1 based on regulation of microflora. Methods: A pseudo germ-free (PGF) rat model was established, and neuroprotective effects of Rb1 were compared between conventional and PGF rats. The relative abundances of common probiotics were quantified to reveal the authentic probiotics that dominate in the neuroprotection of Rb1. The expressions of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors, including GABAA receptors (α2, β2, and γ2) and GABAB receptors (1b and 2), in the normal, ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), and I/R+Rb1 rat hippocampus and striatum were assessed to reveal the neuroprotective mechanism of Rb1. Results: The results showed that microbiota plays a key role in neuroprotection of Rb1. The relative abundance of Lactobacillus helveticus (Lac.H) increased 15.26 fold after pretreatment with Rb1. I/R surgery induced effects on infarct size, neurological deficit score, and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) were prevented by colonizing the rat gastrointestinal tract with Lac.H (1 × 10⁹ CFU) by gavage 15 d before I/R surgery. Both Rb1 and Lac.H upregulated expression of GABA receptors in I/R rats. Coadministration of a GABA_A receptor antagonist significantly attenuated neuroprotective effects of Rb1 and Lac.H. Conclusion: In sum, Rb1 exerts neuroprotective effects by regulating Lac.H and GABA receptors rather than through direct distribution to the target sites.

An Attention-based Temporal Network for Parkinson's Disease Severity Rating using Gait Signals

Huimin Wu,Yongcan Liu,Haozhe Yang,Zhongxiang Xie,Xianchao Chen,Mingzhi Wen,Aite Zhao 한국인터넷정보학회 2023 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.17 No.10

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a typical, chronic neurodegenerative disease involving the concentration of dopamine, which can disrupt motor activity and cause different degrees of gait disturbance relevant to PD severity in patients. As current clinical PD diagnosis is a complex, time-consuming, and challenging task that relays on physicians' subjective evaluation of visual observations, gait disturbance has been extensively explored to make automatic detection of PD diagnosis and severity rating and provides auxiliary information for physicians' decisions using gait data from various acquisition devices. Among them, wearable sensors have the advantage of flexibility since they do not limit the wearers' activity sphere in this application scenario. In this paper, an attention-based temporal network (ATN) is designed for the time series structure of gait data (vertical ground reaction force signals) from foot sensor systems, to learn the discriminative differences related to PD severity levels hidden in sequential data. The structure of the proposed method is illuminated by Transformer Network for its success in excavating temporal information, containing three modules: a preprocessing module to map intra-moment features, a feature extractor computing complicated gait characteristic of the whole signal sequence in the temporal dimension, and a classifier for the final decision-making about PD severity assessment. The experiment is conducted on the public dataset PDgait of VGRF signals to verify the proposed model's validity and show promising classification performance compared with several existing methods.

Empirical analysis on the performance of Chinese listed companies merged and acquired by foreign investors

Xie Zhenlian,Jiao Jianling,Liu Huimin 한국경영교육학회 2012 한국경영교육학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2012 No.6

The paper uses economic value added (EVA) as a tool to analyze whether foreign-capital merger and acquisition (M&A) can effectively improve the performance of listed companies in China and the impact degree of the type of foreign-capital M&A on its performance, which will provide investment decision support for a listed company before its acquisition in order to achieve the rational use of foreign capital to integrate the resources. Using the modified EVA system, the paper compares vertically and analyzes the performance of M&A listed companies by foreign capital during 2003-2006 according to one year before, the year, one year after, and two years after the foreign-capital M&A, and examines the performance before and after M&A of the listed companies of horizontal, vertical and mixed M&A to verify whether foreign-capital M&A can bring value creation for listed companies in China. The results show that all the sample companies'average EVA is increased year by year after M&A from one year before to two years after the M&A. Foreign-capital M&A activities helps to improve the performance of the listed companies, and it creates value for the company; Different types of M&A results in different M&A performance, seeing from the average EVA, horizontal M&A companies'performance is increased year by year in the three years from the year before to the year after M&A, which demonstrates horizontal M&A can promote the company's development by scale economy effect in a short of time and create M&A value. The performance of vertical M&A and mixed M&A companies are all first decreased then increased,"@which shows that performanceproducing needs a process for both the vertical M&A focusing on the transaction costs reduce and the mixed M&A designed to achieve diversification operations of the company, in this process, the company's performance may even fall down temporarily. Both vertical M&A and mixed M&A have certain of risk, the successfully integration after M&A is the key to the expected effects. Through internal market transactions, vertical M&A can expedite supply and marketing channels, reduce the uncertainty of risk and cost, obtain the purpose of enhancing the stability of company development; while through diversification operations, mixed M&A can realize industry transformation of the company to foster new earnings point, thus disperse risk, and improve corporate performance.

Demystifying and sustaining the resilience of teacher educators: the perspectives of Teaching–Research Officers in China

Yin Hongbiao,Xie Chen,Hu Huimin,Wang Mingshuai 서울대학교 교육연구소 2020 Asia Pacific Education Review Vol.21 No.2

Responding to increased global research interest in teacher educators’ professional lives, this study explores the resilience of Teaching–Research Ofcers, a characteristic type of teacher educators, in the context of mainland China. Based on survey data collected from a nationally representative sample (N=5489), the results show that the Teaching–Research Ofcers surveyed generally favourably evaluated their resilience, as measured by their efcacy beliefs and work engagement, and that their resilience was signifcantly infuenced by various personal, situated, and professional factors. This study extends the research on teacher resilience and provides quantitative evidence supporting the existing conceptual framework. The fndings call for attention to be paid to the roles of professional development programmes and research-related job requirements for teacher educators. The study’s limitations and directions for future research are discussed.

An Electrochemical Sensor Based on Graphene-Polypyrrole Nanocomposite for the Specific Detection of Pb (II)

Rong Rong,Huimin Zhao,Xiao Rong Gan,Shuo Chen,Xie Quan 성균관대학교(자연과학캠퍼스) 성균나노과학기술원 2017 NANO Vol.12 No.1

An electrochemical sensor for the rapid, selective and sensitive detection of Pb2+ was developed using polypyrrole-graphene (PPY-rGO) nanocomposite by electrochemical synthesis. The PPYrGO-modified electrode possessed a large effective area because of unique 3D porous architectures, and it displayed excellent selectivity for the determination of Pb2+. The response of Pb2+ on the nanocomposite-modified electrode was evaluated, and the relevant parameters were optimized by square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV). The stripping response was highly linear (R2 = 0.987) over a Pb2+ concentration range of 5 X 10-9 mol/L to 7.5 X 10-7 mol/L, with a detection limit of 4.7 X 10-11 mol/L (3σ method). Furthermore, its applicability was validated for the determination of Pb2+ levels using spiked tap water at different concentrations. The polyporous structure, satisfactory reproducibility, long-term stability and simple synthesis endow the PPY-rGO nanocomposite a promising application in the determination of Pb2+.

New Terminal Sliding Mode Consensus Algorithm for Disturbed Second-order Multi-agent Systems

Yan Ren,Huimin Wang,Meixia Yue,Kai Weng,Wei Gao,Ning Liu,Dong Xie 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2022 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.20 No.8

A finite-time adaptive tracking control algorithm based on non-singular terminal sliding mode (NTSM) is proposed to solve the consensus problem of second-order multi-agent system (MAS) with disturbance. Firstly, a finite-time disturbance observer based on NTSM is introduced to estimate and compensate the disturbance. Then, a NTSM adaptive controller is designed to enhance the robustness of the system, and improve the response speed and tracking accuracy. A proof of the finite-time convergence of the method is given by using Lyapunov theory. Finally, simulation experiments are carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Decomposition and Reconstruction of Protein Sequences: The Problem of Uniqueness and Factorizable Langauge

Xiaoli Shi,Bailin Hao,Huimin Xie,Shuyu Zhang 한국물리학회 2007 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.50 No.1I

In our attempt to justify the CVTree approach of inferring phylogenetic relationship among bacteria from their complete genomes without using sequence alignment, we encountered the problem of the uniqueness of the reconstruction of a protein sequence from its constituent K-peptides, which has a natural relation to a well-understood problem in graph theory, namely, the number of Eulerian loops in a graph. The existence of finite state automata to recognize the uniqueness of a sequence reconstruction provides us with yet another application of factorizable language, which was elucidated at a previous Dynamics Days Asia Pacific meeting (DDAP1).

Green preparation of lipase@Ca3(PO4)2 hybrid nanoflowers using bone waste from food production for efficient synthesis of clindamycin palmitate

Anming Wang,Xinxin Chen,Jianyun Yu,Ningning Li,Huimin Li,Youcheng Yin,Tian Xie,Stephen Gang Wu 한국공업화학회 2020 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.89 No.-

To prepare enzyme@Ca3(PO4)2 for environmentally friendly biocatalysis, Ca2+ and (PO4)3 were extractedfrom bone waste by acidification. In the nearly neutralizedfiltrate, the Ca2+ and (PO4)3 formed aCa3(PO4)2 sediment that crystallized on a template of Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase (TLL) at 4 ℃ for24 h, producing enzyme@Ca3(PO4)2-Bone hybrid nanoflowers (hNFs). Clindamycin palmitate wasefficiently synthesized by transfer of a palmityl moiety from vinyl palmitate to clindamycin free baseusing these hNFs as a biocatalyst. At 30 ℃ in petroleum ether (PE) as the solvent, the yield of the TLL hNFcatalyzedreaction was as high as 70.0%. Even at a high temperature (80 ℃), the yield in the hNF-catalyzedreaction was still 52.6%, but no product was detected when using free lipase as the catalyst. Moreover, thehNFs retained 90% of their initial activity after 10 cycles (120 h, 12 h per cycle). This green and sustainablemethod that utilizes bone waste from food production as the raw source of the inorganic component wasfacile and efficient, and the system may also be applicable for preparing other enzyme@Ca3(PO4)2 hNFsfor industrial applications.