Quantifying drivers' acceptance of renewable fuel standard: Results from a choice experiment in South Korea

Huh, S.Y.,Kwak, D.,Lee, J.,Shin, J. Pergamon ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2014 TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PART D-TRANSPORT AND ENVIR Vol.32 No.-

The production and use of renewable fuels in the transport sector are rapidly increasing. Renewable fuel standard (RFS) is a strong regulatory component and quantitative policy expected to have a significant market impact. In Korea, RFS implementation was agreed upon in July 2013 and will be enforced beginning in July 2015. Drivers' acceptance is the most important consideration for RFS introduction and sustainable implementation. This study analyzed Korean customer preferences for RFS and quantified their acceptance level according to policy design. A choice experiment was analyzed with a mixed logit model to reflect the heterogeneity of respondents' preferences. Respondents were relatively sensitive to the price increase, while other attributes had little effect on acceptance of RFS. Differences between the influences of attributes on drivers' acceptance should be considered when designing RFS implementation. Furthermore, it is recommended that the price of transportation fuels should be limited to an increase between KRW 10 and 20/liter (USD 8.879x10<SUP>-3</SUP> and 1.776x10<SUP>-2</SUP>/liter) to ensure high acceptance level, secure a budget for infrastructure, and achieve substantial environmental improvement.

한국 성인에서 비알콜성 지방간의 중증도에 따른 대사이상의 특징

김형진,김대중,김수경,김세화,이유미,안철우,차봉수,송영득,임승길,김경래,이현철,허갑범 대한내분비학회 2002 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.17 No.4

연구배경: 30세 이상의 성인 한국인에서 지방간의 중증도와 대사증후군의 여러 요소들 (특히 인슐린저항성 및 중심성비만)과의 관련성을 분석하고자 하였다. 방법: 대상자는 2001년 4월부터 6월까지 건강검진센터를 방문한 사람들 중 만성 바이러스성 간염이나 일주일에 2회 이상 음주력이 있는 사람들을 제외한 1074명 (남자 502, 여자 572)에서 문진, 신체검사, 채혈 그리고 복부초음파를 시행하였다. 결과: 1074명중 522명에서 지방간이 양성이어서 양성율은 49%였으며 남성은 여성에 비해 높은 유병률을 보였다. (57 vs 42%, p<0.05). 당뇨병, 비만 그리고 이상지질증을 가지지 않은 사람들에서 비알콜성 지방간의 유병률은 20%였다. 지방간이 양성인 522명중 218명은 경도, 273명은 중등도, 31명은 중증의 지방간 소견을 보였다. 체질량지수, 허리둘레, 체지방률, 수축기혈압, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, 총콜레스테롤, 중성지방, 그리고 총콜레스테롤/고밀도지단백 비는 지방간의 중증도에 따라 의미있게 증가하는 양상을 보였다(p<0.05). 다중회귀분석을 시행하였을 때 지방간의 중증도를 잘 반영하는 인자로는 허리둘레, alanine aminotransferase, HONA_IR, 총콜레스테롤/고밀도지단백비, aspartate aminotransferase, 그리고 수축기혈압의 순서로 나타났다. 공복혈당장애, 고혈압 및 인슐린저항성은 지방간을 가진 군에서 대조군보다 의미있게 높은 빈도를 보였을 뿐만 아니라 지방간의 중증도에 따라 차이를 보였다(p<0.05). 인슐린저항성은 심한 지방간에 비교위험도가 14.7(CI; 6.8∼32.0), 중등도의 지방간에서 6.9(CI; 4.6∼10.3), 경도의 지방간에서 5.7(CI; 3.6∼8.8)이었으며 HOMA_IR의 상위 1/4을 인슐린저항성이 있는 군으로 정의하였을 때 각군에 인슐리저항성을 가진 비율은 7.6, 32.0, 36.0, 그리고 55%였다(p<0.05). 지방간의 중증도에 따른 비알콜성 지방간염의 고위험군 비율은 각각 5.0, 21.6, 27.8, 그리고 58.1%였다(p<0.05). 결론: 우리나라의 비알콜성 지방간의 빈도는 서구인에 비해 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 비알콜성 지방간이 있을 경우 대사증후군과 관련된 여러인자들(특히 인슐린저항성과 중심성비만)과 비알콜성 지방간염의 위험이 현저히 증가하며 초음파의 중증도 분류에 따라 비례하였다. Background: We evaluated the frequency of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and the associations between the metabolic abnormalities and severity of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Korean adults using ultrasonography. Methods: We examined 1074 Korean adults above the age of 30 years, comprising of 502 men and 572 women, participating in medical check-ups at the Health Promotion Center. Hepatitis B and C serologies were negative, and the average weekly alcohol intake was ≤ 2 standard drinks. A standard interview, physical exam and biochemical study, were conducted, and an experienced operator carried out ultrasound liver studies. Results: 522 of the subjects had non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and the remaining 552 did not. The frequency in the men was higher than that in the women (57 vs 42%, p<0.05). The frequency of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in the subjects without diabetes, obesity or dyslipidemia was 20%. We classified subjects into 4 groups: the controls (n=552) and those with mild (n=218), moderate (n=273) or severe fatty liver disease (n=31), according to their ultrasonographic findings. BMI, waist circumference, body fat, systolic blood pressure, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, total cholesterol, triglyceride, the total-to HDL-cholesterol ratio, impaired fasting glucose, hypertension and insulin resistance, were all significantly increase with the increased severity of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (p<0.05). Following the multiple regression analyses, waist, alanine, aminotransferase, HOMAIR, the total- to HDL-cholesterol ratio, aspartate aminotransferase and systolic blood pressure, were all associated with the severity of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Odd ratios of insulin resistance in the mild, moderate and severe non-alcoholic fatty liver disease were 14.7 (CI: 6.8∼32.0), 6.9 (CI: 4.6∼10.3) and 5.7 (CI 3.6∼8.8), respectively. The percentages of subjects with insulin resistance in each group were 7.6, 32.0, 36.0 and 55.0% (p<0.05), respectively. The percentages of subjects with risk of non-alcoholic steatohepatits in each groups were 5.0, 21.6, 27.8 and 581% (p<0.05) respectively. Conclusion: The frequency of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease was relatively high in Korean adults. Proportional differences in metabolic abnormalities, relation to the severity of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, were found by ultrasonography (J Kor Soc Endocrinol 17:514∼525, 2002).

스퍼터링으로 증착된 Na ionic conductive thin film을 이용한 CO₂센서의 제작 및 특성

방영일,송갑득,주병수,임채근,권오식,배재철,허증수,이덕동 경북대학교 센서기술연구소 2002 센서技術學術大會論文集 Vol.13 No.1

뇌로 전이된 인세포암(Signet-Ring Cell Carcinoma) 1례 보고

허양옥,이동화,박응범,이유복,정헌화,김헌주,김상철,정상섭,이헌재 中央醫學社 1975 中央醫學 Vol.28 No.4

The metastatic carcinoma of the brain comprises about 15 to 25 per cent of total brain tumors and most of them originate from the lung. Additional primary sites such as the breast, kidney, large intestine, prostate are rare and the stomach as primary site is very rare. We experienced a case of metastatic signet-ring cell carcinoma to the brain originated from the stomach, which was thought as subdural hematoma at the time of admission.

硬腦膜, 頭蓋骨을 侵蝕한 惡性 Ependymoblastoma의 一例

金大造,許琨 대한신경외과학회 1973 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.2 No.2

A rare case of highly malignant ependymoblastoma arising in the left frontoparietal lobe which grossly invaded and traversed the overlying dura mater and skull in operating findings and autopsy is reported.

구기자의 가지 및 열매의 특성에 관한 연구

서정덕,허윤근,이상우 한국농업기계학회 1999 바이오시스템공학 Vol.24 No.4

Cholesterol Assimilation Activity of Lactobacillus spp. from Kefir and Yoghurt and Non Starter Strains

Yoon, Y. H 韓國酪農學會 1998 韓國酪農學會誌 Vol.20 No.2

구기자 열매와 과병 접합부의 강도 특성

서정덕,허윤근,이상우 한국농업기계학회 2000 바이오시스템공학 Vol.25 No.6

Pyrolysis - Gas Chromatography 를 이용한 가황 고무의 열분석에 관한연구(1) : Vulcanizates of NR BR and SBR NR, BR 및 SBR 의 가황체

김경자,허동섭,김종석,안병국,서수교,한옥경 한국고무학회 1987 엘라스토머 및 콤포지트 Vol.22 No.1

A coil pyrolyzer and processor-controlled gas chromatograph were used for analysis of rubber for compounding ratio of the single and blend rubber vlucanizates. Variables such as sample size, pyrolysis temperature, time allowed for pyrolysis, the column packing material, its length and programmable temperature for gas chromatography were examined to obtain optimum condition for application to NR, BR and SBR blends. By application fixed conditions, three kinds of standard curves were finally obtained from thirty samples of blend vulcanizates which were prepared in the pilot plant, NIRL It is possible to determine rubber composition and their ratio in NR, BR and SBR products by pyrolysis.

갑상선종양의 두개골전이

배상도,이승재,박효일,허곤 인제대학교 1980 仁濟醫學 Vol.1 No.2

대부분의 악성종양은 뇌 혹은 경막으로 전이할 수 있다. 그러나 갑상선종양 자체는 그렇게 희귀한 것이 아니나 뇌나 경막으로 전이하는 경우는 드물다. 본교실에서는 우측두정부에 전이를 일으킨 갑상선종양을 경험하고 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다. Any maligant neoplasm is capable of metastasis to the brain or meninges. But thyroid cancer is known to hardly involve the cranium even although the incidence of thyroid cancer is relatively high as compared with that of malignant neoplasm of other endocrine structures. The authors have experienced a case of metastatic thyroid cancer on right parietal bone. The available literature regarding these tumor is reviewed.