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이호열(Hoyeol Lee),정영균(YoungKyun Jung),정진택(Jintaek Jung),박상훈(Sanghoon Park),오병수(Byeongsoo Oh) 한국자동차공학회 2004 한국자동차공학회 지부 학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-
In order to solve the air pollution caused by internal combustion engine and the energy exhaustion problem. There are many researching to overcome this problem. Fuel cell is a device to convert the chemical energy of fuel into electric energy. Hence. Fuel cell can obtain higher efficiencies than combustion engine. The low emission of pollutants and high electric conversion efficiency make this one of the most promising candidates for a very wide range of energy sources, to electric vehicles. In this paper hybrid system which is consist of PEM fuel cell and battery was tested. When this system need drive torque. battery did that work, and PEM fuel cell power was used to drive the car with constant speed.<br/> <br/>
디젤엔진 배출가스의 질소산화물 저감을 위한 Solid SCR용 가스분사 시스템의 전산유체해석 연구
이호열(Hoyeol Lee),윤천석(Cheon Seog Yoon),김홍석(Hongsuk Kim) 한국자동차공학회 2014 한국 자동차공학회논문집 Vol.22 No.5
CFD(computational fluid dynamics) model is developed to simulate direct injection of ammonia gas phase from ammonia transporting materials into the SCR catalyst in the exhaust pipe of the engine with solid SCR. Configurations of one-hole and four-hole nozzle, circumferential type, porous tube type, and the effect of mixer configurations which commonly used in liquid injection of AdBlue are considered for complex geometries. Mal-distribution index related to concentration of ammonia gas, flow uniformity index related to velocity distribution, and pressure drop related to flow resistance are compared for different configurations of complex geometries at the front section of SCR catalyst. These results are used to design the injection system of ammonia gas phase for solid SCR of target vehicle.
디젤엔진 배출가스의 질소산화물 저감을 위한 Solid SCR 분사시스템의 전산유체해석 연구
이호열(Hoyeol Lee),윤천석(Cheon Seog Yoon),김홍석(Hongsuk Kim) 한국자동차공학회 2013 한국자동차공학회 부문종합 학술대회 Vol.2013 No.5
자동차배출가스에 대한 환경규제가 강화됨에 따라, 차량용 디젤 엔진 배출가스 중 질소산화물 저감을 위하여 암모니아를 이용한 SCR(선택적환원촉매)이 적용되고 있다. 현재 이러한 시스템은 암모니아 생성용으로 AdBlue<SUP>ⓡ</SUP>라는 우레아수용액 또는 DEF(Diesel Exhaust Fluid)를 사용하고 있으나, 액체의 특성상 ?12 ℃이하에서 빙결되며, 배기가스 중 고체 생성물이 적층되거나, 배기온도 200 ℃이하의 저온에서 도징장치문제, 그리고 균일한 암모니아 농도 유지를 위한 믹서등의 장착으로 인하여 복잡한 패키징장치가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 이와 같은 문제점을 해결하기 위한 대안으로 암모니아 운반물질인 solid SCR을 가열·승화시켜 암모니아 가스를 직접 배기관에 공급 할 수 있는 분사시스템에 관한 전산유체해석연구를 수행하였다. 엔진 배기관내에 배기가스 주 흐름에 암모니아 가스를 직접 분사하는 단공노즐과 다공노즐의 형상, 그리고 액체분사시스템에서 일반적으로 사용하는 믹서의 유/무에 대한 영향을 고찰하였다. 배기관, SCR 시스템, 분사노즐, 믹서를 포함하는 복잡한 형상에 대하여, SCR 촉매전단에서 암모니아 가스의 mal-distribution index와 속도 분포에 따른 flow uniformity index 및 유동저항과 연관된 pressure drop 등을 비교하였다. 본 계산 결과를 기본으로 대상 차량에 적용하기 위한 분사시스템 설계에 활용하였다.
디젤엔진 배출가스 질소산화물 저감을 위한 Solid SCR의 반응률에 관한 연구
이호열(Hoyeol Lee),윤천석(Cheon Seog Yoon),김홍석(Hongsuk Kim) 한국자동차공학회 2013 한국 자동차공학회논문집 Vol.21 No.6
Liquid urea based SCR has been used in the market to reduce NOx in the exhaust emission of the diesel engine vehicle. This system has several problems at low temperature, which are freezing below -12°C, solid deposit formation in the exhaust, and difficulties in dosing system at exhaust temperature below 200°C. Also, it is required complicated exhaust packaging equipment and mixer due to supply uniform ammonia concentration. In order to solve these issues, solid urea, ammonium carbonate, and ammonium carbamate are selected as ammonia sources for the application of solid SCR. In this paper, basic research on reaction rate of three ammonia-transporting materials was performed. TGA (Thermogravimetric Analysis) and DTA (Differential Thermal Analysis) tests for these materials are carried out for various heating conditions. From the results, chemical kinetic parameters such as activation energy and frequency factor are obtained from the Arrhenius plot. Additionally, from test results of DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimeter) for these materials, chemical kinetic parameters using the Kissinger method are calculated. Activation energies of solid SCR from this experiment are compared with proper data of literature study, then obtained data of this experiment are used for the design of reactor and dosing system for candidate vehicle.
디젤엔진 질소산화물 저감을 위한 Solid SCR의 반응률에 관한 연구
이호열(Hoyeol Lee),윤천석(Cheon Seog Yoon),김홍석(Hongsuk Kim) 한국자동차공학회 2012 한국자동차공학회 학술대회 및 전시회 Vol.2012 No.11
Liquid urea based SCR has been used in the market to reduce NOx in the diesel exhaust emission of the vehicle. This system has several problems at low temperature, which are freezing below ?12 ℃, solid deposit formation in the exhaust, and difficulties in dosing system at exhaust temperature below 200 ℃. Also, it is required complicated exhaust packaging equipment and mixer due to supply uniform ammonia concentration. In order to solve these issue, solid urea, ammonium carbonate, and ammonium carbamate are selected as ammonia sources for the application of solid SCR. In this paper, basic research on reaction rate of three ammonia-transporting materials was performed. TGA(Thermogravimetric Analysis) and DTA(Differential Thermal Analysis) tests for these materials are carried out for various heating conditions. From the results, chemical kinetic parameters such as activation energy and frequency factor are obtained from the Arrhenius plot. Additionally, from test results of DSC(Differential Scanning Calorimeter) for these materials, chemical kinetic parameters using the Kissinger method are calculated. Activation energies of solid SCR from this experiment are compared with proper data of literature study, then obtained data of this experiment are used for the design of reactor and dosing system for candidate vehicle.
냉각수를 이용한 흡기ㆍ예열식 연료전지 중공사막 가습에 관한 연구
이호열(Hoyeol Lee),오병수(Byeongsoo Oh) 한국자동차공학회 2004 한국자동차공학회 춘 추계 학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-
Polymer membrane needs to maintain appropriate moisture. Insufficient moisture causes low conduction of hydrogen ion because of increased contact resistance between electrode and membrane by shrinking membrane, excessive moisture decreases fuel cell performance because of difficulty of reacting gas diffusion. Therefore, water controlling system is very much consequential for the polymer membrane fuel cell. If hollow fiber membrane humidification is used between fuel and air line, it is possible to supply heat to fuel and air by using thermal exchanger. It can supply appropriate humidity which depends on operating temperature and can recover heat from exhaust gas which contains water vapor and air. Because of simple structure of humidification system without any dummy equipment, this humidification can be easily applied in the PEMFC and cut down the cost.