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        Toward manageable middleboxes in software-defined networking

        Zadkhosh, Ehsan,Bahramgiri, Hossein,Sabaei, Masoud Electronics and Telecommunications Research Instit 2020 ETRI Journal Vol.42 No.2

        Software-defined networking (SDN) acts as a centralized management unit, especially in a network with devices that operate under the transport layer of the OSI model. However, when a network with layer 7 middleboxes (MBs) is considered, current SDNs exhibit limitations. As such, to achieve a real-centralized management unit, a new architecture is required that decouples the data and control planes of all network devices. In this report, we propose such a complementary architecture to the current SDN in which SDN-enabled MBs are included along with contemporary SDN-enabled switches. The management unit of this architecture improves network performance and reduces routing cost by considering the status of the MBs during flow forwarding. This unit consists of the following two parts: an SDN controller (SDNC) and a middlebox controller (MBC). The latter selects the best MBs for each flow and the former determines the best path according to its routing algorithm and provides information via the MBC. The results show that the proposed architecture improved performance because the utilization of all network devices including MBs is manageable.

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        Joint synchronization and parameter estimation in OFDM signaling

        Sara Karami,Hossein Bahramgiri 한국전자통신연구원 2023 ETRI Journal Vol.45 No.2

        Challenges in cognitive radio and tactical communications include recognizing anonymously received signals and estimating parameters in a blind or semiblind manner. In this paper, we examine this issue for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signaling. There are several parameters in OFDM signaling, and the blind receiver must extract and consider the synchronization issue. We assume that the blind receiver is aware of modulation type, OFDM, and not aware of chip duration and the length of cyclic prefix. First, we present new criteria based on kurtosis to estimate these parameters and compare their performance at different levels of additive white Gaussian noise with methods based on correlation, kurtosis, maximum likelihood, and matched filter. Then, we perform synchronization and estimate the start time based on these criteria and several new criteria in two steps: fine and coarse synchronization. Finally, in a more practical setup, we present the idea of jointly estimating the mentioned parameters and the signal start time as coarse synchronization. We compare different criteria and show that one of the pro posed criteria has the highest efficiency.

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