農村住民의 醫療實態에 關한 調査硏究 : 忠淸南道 瑞山郡 Seu San Gun, Choong Chung Nam Do

洪鍾寬,兪勳,美南熙 順川鄕病院 1976 順天鄕醫報 Vol.1 No.2

To get basic data for the implementation of health demonstration program, an health survey was conducted for 2,987 population in 502 households in Unsan myon and a part of Haemi myon, Seusan gun, Choong Nam Province during 1st through 30th September, 1976 by the Soon Chun Medical Foundation. A total of 10 surveyers were mobilized for the survey visiting households every 10 days. All housewives and/or house masters in the survey area were interviewed by the surveyers 4 times in total. Major contents of the survey were included 1) socio ecomic background of the villager's living status 2) prevalences of various diseases 3) utilization of available medical facilities and health expenditure, etc. The result of the survey is as follows; (1) Average house hold size ............................................................... 6.0 person (2) Age group 0-14yrs................................................................... 38.4% 15-64yrs................................................................. 56.6% over 65yrs............................................................. 5.0% (3) Marriage status of house holder Married ................................................................. 91.6% Non-married ....................................................... 2.6% Window(er) ......................................................... 5,8% (4) Education Primary school ................................................... 59.1% Middle school ..................................................... 7.6% High school ........................................................ 4.4% College ................................................................. 1.6% Illiteracy .............................................................. 27.3% (5) Occupation Farming ................................................................ 82.4% Sales ...................................................................... 4.4% Labour ................................................................... 3.6% Office clerk .......................................................... 2.8% (6) Housing Own house ............................................................ 91.6% Rent house ............................................................ 3.4% (7) Rooms being used 2 rooms .................................................................. 46.0% 3 rooms ................................................................. 39.2% (8) Annual income per household ............................. 77,260 won From farming ...................................................... 73.6% Cash imcome ....................................................... 17.5% Other crops .......................................................... 8.9% (9) Monthly cash income (August) ............................... 32.114 won (10) Monthly expenses (August)...................................... 47,360 won (11) Saving per household ............................................... 82,172 won (12) Farmland, Rice field .............................................................. 1,579 pyong Dry field ............................................................... 1,152 pyong (13) Special crops farm, Sericulture ........................................................... 38.5% Tobacco ............................................................... 34.8% Greens ................................................................. 19.5% (14) Farmland for side production per household .............................. 442.2 pyong Special crops annual income ........................................... 181.130 won (18) Water resources, Pumping .................................................... 72.9% Well ............................................................ 20.5% Piping ......................................................... 1.6% 2. Diseases and Medical status (1) Houses with diseases during the period ....................................... 73.3% (2) Average number of patients per household ................................. 1.74 cases (3) Prevalence rate during the period ................................................... 21.5% Incidence rate ........................................................ 7.5% (4) Age group of the population with high prevalence rate male: 0 - 29yrs, over 60 yrs female: 30 - 59 yrs (5) Classification of diseases Digestive ............................................................ 31.9% Respiratory ........................................................ 22.7% Nerve system ................................................... 19.6% Skin ..................................................................... 6.4% (6) Duration of diseases Average per disease ........................................ 21.6 days Average per person ......................................... 4.6 days (7) Patiemts medically cared ........................ 63.6% (8) Reason for non-treated Can not afford the cost .......................................... 56.0% In patience ................................................................... 40.2%

예술의 양식이 패션 스타일에 미친 영향 : 1985년부터 1992년까지 유행스타일을 중심으로

홍종대,유태순 효성여자대학교 산업미술연구소 1994 산업미술 Vol.4 No.-

Many fashion designers have created new works through the methods of changing the past style by introducing the past art-style to dress and ornaments since 1980's, for the inner beauty and outer beauty which have an art-style could offer not only an inducement to design as an expressive means for the dress and ornaments, but motive to social receptivity as fashion phenomenon. In such views, this study was carried out to examine the process how an outer form has been changed by an introduction of art-style that is an expressive means of dress and ornaments for the fashion, and to find the method how its inner beauty has been assimilated and affected in the social receptive step, as investigating an effect of art style to fashion-style. the purposes of this study are as follow; First, to analyze an inner meaning and outer form that the art-style have influenced on the fashion-style from 1985-1992. Second, to analyze an effect of art-style to outer from of fashion-style with an effect of inner beauty to fashion phenomenon. Third, to explain the fashion phenomenon as revealing an evolutionary relation between art fashion and current thought of times that accepted and expressed art-style with the constituent elements of dress and ornaments such as line, color, and material. This study examined characteristics of works in pret-a-porter Collection, Paris where in the center of creating fashion by art-style that have influenced on the fashion-style, and then analyzed the form's changes which have been adjusted to fashion style by the constituent element(color, material, line, trimming, detail, and silhouette) and manner of dress. Also, this study analyzed how the art fashion that can bbe a motive power for the changes of fashion-style in times will have influence on or be expressed to the given form as investigating the fashion environments such as society, politics, economy, culture psychology and technique which the art-style is socially accepted and expressed through the study on literatures. The results are as follows: 1. Art-style that have influenced on the fashion-style from 1985 to 1992 was the constructivism and post-modernism. 2. What the constructivism could be accepted to society was due to resistance on the decorative. Accordingly, unpolished culture became to expressed to constructivism who has sought the stronger vector from the simple thing. 3. The constructivism that was introduced to fashion tried to fulfill new body-conscious spatial construction on human body in pursuit of formalization of construction, function, and form as well as to seek dynamic rhythm in the unsymmertical order. 4. The post-modernism that used the reconstructed past style as a motif of new idea for style's rapid changes was socially accepted, for it imparted the spiritual abundance and visual joy in re-interpreting special culture and tradition of each area by cosmopolistanism and localism of post-ideology, especially due to the new\wave spirit of new generation who sought new things in the process of destroying preconceived sense of value and existing order. 5. The post-modernism expressed has expressed sex, attractiveness, eroticism created new style of resisting to the elegant and polished beauty due to an effect of pop-art as formal change, brought the begger style and japanese-look into vogue that ignores the basic principle and form of dress and ornament by Punk-style. Also, not only it created the fashion-style of closed up it without to deny characteristics of men and women by Androgynous-fashion, but it expressed the Folkore and Ethnik fashion which gave the spiritual abundance and visual joy to the moderns as introducing culture and dress of minority race into the fashion. the Elology-fashion made possible the loose look that expressed the floral design by fashion which selected the nature destroyed up-to-date as motif, and Anti-fashion made possible Kitsch, Hoodrum, and Grunge-fashion as antiartistic, anti-moral, and anti-rational style of Dadaism. The several cultural fashions have been expressed in open society with the mix and match look as pluralism. The Fin de Siecle factors such as avant-grade expression, Decadance and Det-tester that rised above the daily life were also expressed to the fashion.

북한 이탈주민의 외상후 스트레스장애에 대한 3년 추적연구

홍창형,유정자,조영아,엄진섭,구현지,서승원,안은미,민성길,전우택 大韓神經精神醫學會 2006 신경정신의학 Vol.45 No.1

Objective : This study is a follow-up of a first survey of 200 North Korean defectors who entered South Korea in 2001. The purpose of this study is to examine changes in the current prevalence of partial PTSD and full PTSD after 3 years and to evaluate related factors. Methods : This study followed up on 151 of the 200 North Korean defectors from our first survey. 20 interviewers conducted face-to-face interviews and assisted defectors in completing a self-report assessment. The traumatic events which participants with chronic PTSD and delayed onset PTSD experienced were then examined. Results : Over the 3 years, the current prevalence rate of partial PTSD was reduced from 31.8% to 5.3%, and the current prevalence rate of full PTSD was reduced from 27.2% to 4.0%. Of particular interest was that 88.8% of those diagnosed with full or partial PTSD in the first survey had recovered after 3 years. Conclusion : The current prevalence rate of partial and full PTSD rapidly decreased during 3 years.

국내기업의 정보시스템 보안위협 인식에 관한 연구

홍일유,이종삼 中央大學校經營硏究所 2000 經營學論集 Vol.27 No.1

立地特性別 Asbestos의 環境濃度

유영식,김종규,민달기,김남천,이형춘,최한영,김을환,우세홍,이상건 서울保健大學 1989 論文集 Vol.9 No.1

유전성 대사질환에서의 동종조혈모세포이식 : 단일 기관에서의 경험 A single center experience

유건희,김흥렬,이지은,이호영,천정미,성기웅,구홍회,이문향,진동규,김종원,김대원,김형록 대한조혈모세포이식학회 2001 대한조혈모세포이식학회지 Vol.6 No.2

배경: 유전성 대사질환의 치료로서 효소 요법 및 유전자 치료가 제한적인 현실에서 동종 조혈모세포이식이 현재로선 가장 중요한 치료가 될 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 단일 기관에서 유전성 대사질환에 대해 동종 조혈모세포이식을 시행한 경험을 보고하고자 하였다. 방법: 삼성서울병원 유전성 대사질환 조혈모세포이식팀에서는 1999년 12월부터 2001년 3월까지 총 6례의 유전성 대사질환을 대상으로 동종 조혈모세포이식을 시행하였다. 대상 질환은 Hunter 증후군 3례, galactosialidosis 1례, 이염성 백질이영양증 1례, 부신백질이영양증 1례였으며 성별 분포는 남아가 5명, 여아가 1명이었으며 연령 분포는 2년 9개월에서 15년 9개월이었다. 5례는 HLA 일치 혈연간 골수이식이었으며 1례는 HLA 불일치 T 림프구 제거 말초혈액 조혈모세포이식이었다. 전처치는 모두 BuCy를 사용하였으며 이식편대숙주반응의 예방에는 cyclosporine을 사용하였다. 이식된 세포는 유핵세포가 4.81×10^(8)(2.40~7.01×10^(8))/kg이었으며 CD34+ 세포는 3.65×10^(6)(0.88~10.72×10^(6))/kg이었다. 결과: 이식 후 조혈기능의 회복은 모두 조기에 달성되었으며(ANC>500: 정중 9.5일, 범위 9~14일; PLT>50K: 정중 32일, 범위 23~34일) 이식과 관련된 합병증은 Gr I의 aGVHD 3례, 국한성의 cGVHD 1례, 경증의 간정맥 폐쇄성 질환이 1례이었다. 모든 환자에서 직간접적으로 이식 후 효소의 생산이 증가함이 확인되었으며 임상적인 호전을 보인 경우가 4례, 질병 진행이 중단된 경우가 1례, 질병이 진행된 경우가 1례이었다. 질병 진행이 중단되었던 1례는 면역억제제 투여 중 수두 감염에 의한 폐출혈로 사망하였다. 결론: 유전성 대사질환에서 동종 조혈모세포이식이 가장 중요한 치료법으로 사용될 수 있고 중추신경계 증상이 나타나기 전, 가능한 조기에 조혈모세포이식을 시행하는 것이 바람직할 것이며 적극적인 지지 요법이 필요하다. 향후 더 많은 임상 경험이 필요하리라 사료된다. Background: Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) may be the most important treatment modality to cure a number of genetic metabolic disorders because of the limitation of enzyme replacement or gene therapy. In this study, we report our single center experience about HSCT in several genetic metabolic disorders. Methods: We performed 6 cases of HSCT for genetic metabolic disorders from December 1999 to March 2001. Patients' diagnoses were Hunter syndrome (3), galactosialidosis (1), metachromatic leukodystrophy (1), and adrenoleukodystrophy (1). Stem cell sources were bone marrow from HLA matched sibling donors in 5 patients and mother's peripheral blood stem cells in one patient who did not have HLA matched donors. Busulfan and cyclophosphamide for conditioning, and cyclosporine for the prevention of graft versus host disease were used in all patients. Transplanted total nucleated cell counts were median 4.81×10^(8)(2.40~7.01×10^(8))/kg , and CD34+ cells 3.65×10^(6)(0.88~10.72×10^(6))/kg. Results: All patients achieved early hematologic recovery (median 9.5 days, range 9~14 days for ANC>500/μL; median 32 days, range 23~34 days for PLT>50,000/μL). Transplant-related complications were 3 cases of grade 1 acute GVHD, a case of limited chronic GVHD, and a case of mild hepatic veno-occlusive disease. Enzyme levels were normalized in 4 patients evaluated and there were indirect evidences of enzyme production in the other 2 patients after HSCT. Four of the 6 patients showed symptomatic improvement, 1 patient (galactosialidosis) experienced disease stabilization without progression before he eventually died due to pulmonary hemorrhage, and the other 1 patient deteriorated progressively even after HSCT. Conclusions: Allogeneic HSCT can be done as the only curative treatment in a number of genetic metabolic disorders. It seems desirable to perform HSCT as early as possible before the onset of central nervous system symptoms. More experience and long term follow up is needed to evaluate the efficacy and to monitor the long term transplant-related complications.

신냉매용 자동차 에어콘 시스템에서 팽창밸브의 특성 해석

송유호,박종일,홍희기,김경훈 경희대학교 산학협력기술연구원 1996 산학협력기술연구논문집 Vol.2 No.-

This study was performed to design the optimal Block Type Expansion Valve through analyzing the characteristics of the Block Type Expansion Valve in automotive air conditioning system using HFC-134a. To make easy flow control and pressure drop, the main function of Block Type Expansion Valve, a preliminary experiment on 3 kinds of orifice(Rectangular Type, Diffuser Type, Cone Type) was carried out and the flow characteristics in Expansion Valve was analyzed. Based upon the results of the experiment, 2 types of Block Type Expansion Valve were installed in automotive air conditioning system using HFC-134a and the characteristics of the 2 types of Block Type Expansion Valve were analyzed and compared under variation of compressor RPM.

광주시내 업종별 음식점의 주방기구와 관련된 주요 세균 및 이들의 계절별 변화

이홍열,유맹자,정해진,김근영,정희종 全南大學校 農業科學技術硏究所 1998 農業科學技術硏究 Vol.33 No.-

업종별 음식점에서 사용중인 주방기구 가운데 개숫물중에 존재하는 세균들을 분리·동정한 결과, 한색음식점에서 37균주, 일식음식점에서 23균주, 및 중식음식점에서 33균주가 분리되었고 이들 중 한식음식점에서 E. coli 등 16균주, 일식음식점에서 Listeria sp. 등 20균주, 중식음식점에서 Micrococcus sp. 등 15균주를 각각 동정하였다. 이들 세균들은 업종별 음식업소에서 주로 사용되는 색품재료에 존재하는 세균들과 밀접한 관계가 있는 것으로 밝혀졌고 E.coli와 같은 일부 세균들은 주방의 불결한 환경이나 종사자로부터 오염된 것으로 추정되었다. 업종별 음식점에서 사용중인 개숫물, 행주, 칼, 및 도마에 존재하는 세균의 분포는 일반세균수 및 대장균수가 모두 2월에서 8월까지 점점 증가하다가 11월에는 다시 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 특히 이같은 경향은 일반세균은 개숫물에서 대장균군은 칼에서 가장 뚜렷하게 나타났다. 따라서 식중독 발생 가능성이 가장 높은 여름철에는 칼, 도마 등 주방기구들은 정기적으로 열탕소독하는 철저한 위생처리가 필수적인 것으로 생각되었다. Thirty-seven, twenty-three, and thirty-three bacterial strains were isolated from dish-washing water which was selected as a kitchen supply commonly loaded the highest level of bacteria among various supplies using at Korean style, Japanese style, and Chinese style restaurants. Among these isolates, sixteen strains including Esherichia coli, twenty strains including Listeria sp., and fifteen strains including Micrococcus sp. were identified from Korean style, Japanese style, and Chinese style restaurants, respectively. This result suggested that most isolated bacteria were closely related to bacterial flora of raw food materials used in each style of restaurants and others could be contaminated from the surrounding environment and the employees. Total and coliform bacterial counts distributed in dish washing water, wiping cloths, knives, and cutting boards used at different types of restaurants were gradually increased from February to August and then decreased until November. This changing tendencies of total bacterial counts and coliform group counts were obvious in dish-washing water and in knives, respectively. Therefore, kitchen supplies such as wiping cloths, cutting boards, and knives should be treated carefully with hot water of above 45℃ at every certain period of time to kill some of these potential hazardous bacteria and to prevent outbreaking foodborne-illness by them, especially during Summer.

大學綜合試驗 出題에 關한 硏究

卞烘圭,吳鎭坤,申鎔鎭,金泳喆,鄭求福,柳哲鍾,洪允杓 全北大學校 1977 論文集 Vol.19 No.-

The Comprehensive Examination for the undergraduate students is planned to adopt the Jeonbug National University for the purpose of enhancing the quality of its educational outputs. In order to effectively measure and evaluate the level of student progress toward the minimun standard as the students who have finished their general education and basic education for their major field study, the university has decided to make an item pool related to the subjects for the examination. This study is an attempt to make good items of five required courses among general education subjects which are Korean Language, English, Korean History, National Ethics. and Natural Science and are expected to be the subjects of the examination. Instead of making those items separately from the regular examination during the academic semesters, the university plans to collect and use good items from the usual mid-term and final examinations of those subjects. A key concern, in this study, therefore, is to analyze all the items used for the mid-term and final examinations of those subjects during the regular academic semesters. From the data of an about 100 sample in each subject at each time of total three tests, the difficulty index, discrimination index, the response rate of students on each item, and other general descriptive statistics are calculated and then good items are pooled for the future use for the Comprehensive Examination. Anhother important concern in this study is this study is given to the collection and analysis of controversial issues and problems on the process of operating the examination at other universities where the Comprehensive Examination is already adopted. The data from four institutions and from opinions of six participants of this study are used. The following main findidings are summarized : 1. The items have generally shown to be easy while the degree of discrimination is low. 2. Among the five subjects, Korean Language shows the highest rate of right answer (difficulty index) while English the strongest one in the discrimination index. 3. When comparing two types of test between the multiple choice and the short-answer, the latter seems to be powerful in both difficulty and discriminative. 4. The only one question of essay type test reveals clear limitations in scoring and evaluating students progress. 5. All items are constructed under the consideration of content-referenced base, not of the basis on behavioral aspect. 6. The analysis of issues and problems related to the Comprehensive Examination suggests that it is acceptable to test in terms of required subjects of general education and a few most basic subjects of major areas of study. 7. The examination can be functionally operated when it is held at the end of the first year of and before the beginning of the second year of the college years. The length of the examination is usally held from three to five hours. 8. Since the examination should be existed on the idea of criterion-referenced base rather than of norm-referenced one because of its testing the qualification of the entering behavior of students for the further study in their major field, the standard of the pass-and-failure should be set on at least 60 percent of correct answers in each subject. But there must be provided at least two additional opportunities for the make-up examination for those who failed in the first one. 9. A special committee must be established in order to deal with all the details related to the Comprehensive Examination.

바이폴라 공정으로 집적화된 압력센서 제작 및 평가

이유진,김건년,박효덕,이종홍 호서대학교 반도체제조장비국산화연구센터 2001 반도체장비학술심포지움 Vol.2001 No.-

실리콘 마이크로머시닝 기술과 바이폴라 공정으로 집적화된 압력센서를 제작하고 동작특성 평가를 수행하였다.센서부 보상파라미터를 추출하였고 트리밍 공정을 통하여 출력전압의 보상을 수행하였다.센서 특성은 압저항 위치, 마스크 정렬 오차, 다이어프램 정밀두께제어 정도, 보호막의 과도식각 정도 등에 의하여 민감하게 좌우됨을 알 수 있었다.웨이퍼별 샘플추출을 통하여 센서부 감도는 평균 0.653mV/kPa, 감도의 온도계수는 -2078.8ppm/℃, 옵셋전압은 30.78mV, 옵셋전압의 온도계수는 32.11uV/℃로 측정되었다.추출된 샘플의 다이어프램 두께오차는 27±2.5㎛였다.센서부 특성평가 결과를 통하여 신호처리회로의 옵셋 및 스팬보상, 온도보상을 위한 트리밍 공정을 수행한 결과 개발사양을 만족하는 결과를 얻을 수 있었다.