일부농촌지역의 농약사용실태 및 농약중독 요인 조사

이경민,송주희,장재혁,심수정,강양화,안재경,이숭호,박미영,정문호 대한보건협회 2002 대한보건연구 Vol.28 No.4

Object The usage of agricultural chemical is on the increasing. Use of pesticides has increased agricultural production. However, negative externalities from such use have increased too. Pesticide poisoning is a major public problem. The purpose if this study is to find out the relationship between keeping the safety rules or protective equipments or attending safety education or dose of pesticides use , and poisoning experience. Methods For Gu, H.M. and Pack, S.G. study , we obtained questionnaire data concerning pesticides poisoming. A person interviews on 203 were conducted in two villages in Sinmeari and woulbonri Chunchun , Kangwon province, July 2002. Result 1. 144 people(70.9%) have sprayed pesticides and the rata of experiences of pesticide poisoning was 26% among 144. Spraying time of pesticides was 1-2 hours in 63.9% of farmers. Rate of using the protective equipment was 25.7% (protective clothes), 49.3% (Mask), 48.6 (Gloves), 7.0 (Protective glasses), 64.6% (boots) respectively. 2. Chi-square and multiple logistic regression analysis showed that Duration of spraying per day (<2hr) and using of mask(protective equipment)are significantly association with poisoning experience.(x^2=5.2684 p=0.0217, CI=0.140-0.5853 OR=0.346 p=0.0211 respectively). But no association between poisoning experience and keeping safety rule, attending of safety education. 3. Spraying pesticides. Duration of spraying pesticides, reading manuals and no spraying at fatigue (keeping safety rule) are significantly association with symptom experience(x^2=14.0621 p=0.0002, x^2=7.0639 p=0.0079, CI01.395-10.950 OR=3.908 p=0.0095, CI=0.101-0.726 OR=0.271 0.0094 respectively). But no association between symptom experience and protective equipments, attending of safety education.

上顎洞에 發生한 Aspergillosis의 一例報告

林大銑,宋圭鉉,朴敬浩,朴暎緖,李玩永 中央醫學社 1963 中央醫學 Vol.5 No.4

A case of secondary aspergillosis of the left maxillary sinus following chronic sinusitis in a 42 year old male coal miner specialist is reported. His chief complaints were nasal obstruction and postnasal drip of several years duration. Roentgenogram revealed marked and moderate shadow in the left and right maxillary sinuses respectively. Significant operative findings included almost paper-thin bony walls of the left maxillary sinus, and small amount of yellow greenish purulent material was drained, followed by yellowish brown semisolid tissue on further curettage. The latter specimen was found to be essentially mass of fungi, showing numerous distinctly septate, branching hyphae on the Papanicolaou stain of the direct smears of the cut surface of the specimen, and Hematoxylin-Eosin and Periodic Acid Schiff stains of paraffin sections. Pertinent aspects of clinical and pathological differential diagnosis between aspergillosis - and mucormycosis, are described. Aspergillosis presents usually benign course, with insignificant chief complaints as our case, whereas mucormycosis is most frequently associated with uncontrollable diabetics, and run usually acutely fatal course. There are three main types of ucormycosis-cerebral, pulmonary and intestinal. The characteristic broad nonseptate branching hyphae of mucor, and marked affinity to the blood vessels,, penetrating the tough walls of arteries, with thromboses and infarction, readily differentiate aspergillosis from mucormycosis.

새敎育課程에 依한 算數敎科書의 內容分析과 效果的 學習指導方法에 關한 硏究

高東旭,宋樂鎬,沈敬輔 서울교육대학교 과학교육연구소 1983 科學과 數學敎育 論文集 Vol.9 No.-

제2형 당뇨병 환자에게 적용한 표준진료지침이 혈당, 당화혈색소, 당뇨지식 및 재원일수에 미치는 효과

김희승,윤건호,유양숙,오정아,송민선,신미옥,김경희,송복례 대한당뇨병학회 2002 임상당뇨병 Vol.3 No.1

연구배경 : 당뇨병 환자의 평균 재원기간을 단축시키고, 제한된 입원기간 내에서 질적인 면과 비용효과성을 고려한 총체적인 건강관리체계의 필요성이 요구됨으로써 생겨난 것이 당뇨병 표준진료지침(Critical Pathway: CP)이다. 현재 개발된 당뇨병 CP를 통한 진료가 환자의 당뇨병에 관한 지식을 개선시키고 이에 따라 장기적으로 당뇨병 환자의 혈당조절이 개선되었다는 과학적인 검증은 당뇨병 CP를 여러 병원에 정착시키기이전에 반드시 선행되어야 할 과제이다. 이에 본 연구는 2000년 3월부터 1년간 강남성모병원에 입원하는 당뇨병 환자를 대상으로 현재 개발된 1주일 CP를 적용한 실험군의 혈당, 당뇨병 관련 지식 및 재원일수가 대조군에 비하여 차이가 있는지를 조사하였다. 방법 : 1주일 CP를 적용한 실험군은 내과병동에 입원한 당뇨병 환자 89명이었고, 대조군은 기타병동에 입원한 당뇨병 환자 22명이었으며 CP를 적용하지 않았다. CP를 적용하기 전인 입원시에 실험군과 대조군의 공복혈당, 식후 2시간혈당, 당화혈색소 및 당뇨관련 지식을 측정하였고, 퇴원 시에 실험군과 대조군에게 공복혈당과 당뇨관련 지식을 재측정하고 재원일수를 파악하였다. 그리고 두 군에게 퇴원 3개월 후의 공복혈당, 식후 2시간 혈당 및 당화혈색소를 조사하였다. 결과 : 1) 실험군의 공복혈당은 입원 시 238.7: 1) 실험군의 공복혈당은 입원 시 238.7mg/dL에서 퇴원 시 139.4mg/dL로 감소하는 경향이었으나 퇴원 3개월 후에는 150.6mg/dL로 약간상승하는 경향을 보였다. 대조군은 입원 시 251.5mg/dL에서 퇴원 시 136.2mg/dL로 감소하는 경향이었으나, 퇴원 3개월 후에는 219.3mg/dL로 현저히 증가하는 경향이었다. 2) 실험군의 입원 시 식후 2시간 혈당은 312.5mg/dL에서 퇴원 3개월 후 248.5mg/dL로 감소하는 경향이었다. 대조군도 입원 시 식후 2시간 혈당이 300.1mg/dL에서 퇴원 3개월 후 262.5mg/dL로 감소하는 경향이었으나 실험군보다 감소의 폭이 적은 경향이었다. 3) 실험군과 대조군의 입원 시 당화혈색소는 각각 10.3%와 9.7%로 유의한 차이가 없었으나,퇴원 3개월 후 실험군은 7.5%로 대조군의 9.1% 보다 유의하게 감소하였다. 4) 실험군의 입원 시 당뇨지식 점수는 실험군이 12.1점 대조군은 12.0점으로 유의한 차이가 없었으나 퇴원 시는 실험군이 15.5점으로 대조군의 14.6점 보다 높은 경향이었다. 5) 재원일수는 실험군이 8.4일로 대조군의11.0일 보다 유의하게 적었다. 결론 : 따라서 당뇨병 환자를 위한 CP는 재원일수의 감소뿐만 아니라 환자의 자가관리에 대한 체계적인 교육과 개선의 기회를 가짐으로써 장기적인 혈당 조절의 향상을 도모할 수 있는 효과적인 방법이라고 생각한다. Background: The aim of this study was to examine the effects of the critical pathway for the admitted patients with type 2 dia betes me llitus on glycemic control, the knowledge on the disease, and the length of hospital stay. Methods: 89 diabetic in-patients were applied with the 1 week critical pathwa which was consisted of intensive education program for self-management of diabetes me llitus such as glucose monitoring, excercise prescription, diet control, self-a djustment of the drugs and so on. The results were compared with 22 diabetic inpatients who were treated with conventional way. We assessed the effects of critical pathway on the degree of glycemic control, the knowledge on the disease, and the length of hospital stay. Results: Although fasting and postprandial 2 hours blood g lucose levels did not showed sta tistically significantd ifference between critical pathway group and conventional group on discharge , HbA1c was significantly decreased in critical pathwa group compared with the conventional group (7.5±1.8% vs 9.1±2.6%) on 3 months after discharge . Knowledge on the disease tended to increase in critical pathway group compared with the conventional group on discharge. The Length of hospital stay was significantly decreased in critical pathway group compared with the conventional group (8.4±2.8day vs 11.0±3.9da ) Conclusion: These results showed that critical pathway for the patients with diabetes mellitus might be a usefulway for improving the long term glycemic control through motivation, enhancing the knowledge on the disase as well as reducing the length of hospital stay.

개에 있어서 심장사상충증을 동반한 창상성 횡격막 허니아의 수술적 치료 1례

조승혁,임영환,손정민,노경완,박창식,전무형,김명철,송근호,정성목 忠南大學校 獸醫科大學 動物醫科學硏究所 2005 動物醫科學硏究誌 Vol.13 No.-

A 7-month old, castrated male Shih-tzu dog was referred to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of Chungnam National University with history of depression, dyspnea, mild scale, tachypnea, exercise intolerance and severe leanness. On physical examination, cardiac arrhythmias was heard and heart worm ELISA test was positive. Microfilaria was found on the direct blood smear. Survey radiographs showed loss of diaphragmatic line and cardiac silhouette, displacement of lung fields and presence of gas filled intestines in the thoracic cavity. Rib fracture and pelvic fracture with callus formation were found incidentally. On the basis of physical examination and radiographic findings, it was diagnosed as traumatic diaphragmatic hernia and heart worm disease. Herniorrhaphy was performed. Postoperatively, it was treated for heart worm disease and scale. There is no evidence of recurrence of diaphragmatic hernia and heart worm disease over 1 year.

Tuning the nanostructure of nitrogen-doped graphene laminates for forward osmosis desalination

Song, Jun-ho,Shon, Ho Kyong,Wang, Peng,Jang, Am,Kim, In S. Royal Society of Chemistry 2019 Nanoscale Vol.11 No.45

<P>Studies have concentrated on the physicochemical properties of graphene-based membranes that can replace polymeric membranes for use in forward osmosis (FO) systems. However, recent research studies have focused on mixtures of two or more different materials (<I>e.g.</I>, graphene oxide and polymers) due to the need to reinforce underwater stability. Alternatives include reduced forms such as reduced graphene oxide to improve the stability and size-based selectivity, which have resulted in a narrow nanochannel that restricts water permeability. Herein, we propose the use of a novel nitrogen-doped graphene (NG) membrane to solve a trade-off between permeability and selectivity, investigating the nanostructure <I>via</I> N-doping reaction time. In an FO process, NG membranes achieved an outstanding specific salt flux of 0.18 g L<SUP>−1</SUP>, compared to commercial membranes (0.55 g L<SUP>−1</SUP>). The pyridinic-N bonding structure improved the permeability and selectivity under a similar nanochannel size because of its negatively polarized hole defects with the moderate energy barrier enabling water passage while blocking ions. Our results confirm the possibility of fabricating novel graphene-based FO membranes by tailoring the nitrogen-bonding structure, which will significantly help develop a process for improving the scalability of membrane materials.</P>

Studies on the Forest Community Types and Their Structures in Mt . Gyeryong

Ho Kyong Song 한국산림과학회 1986 한국산림과학회지 Vol.72 No.1

The floristic composition and RA ordination, based on the data obtained from 150 nested quadrats by releve method of Mueller-Dombois and Ellenberg, were applied to classify forest communities in Mt. Gyeryong, and to investigate the relationships between species composition and sites. The investigation was done from June 1981 till May 1985. 1. The forest vegetation in Mt. Gyeryong was classified into Pinus densiflora, Pinus densiflora-Quercus variabilis and Quercus mongolica communities according to the floristic composition, and it was subdivided into Pinus densiflora, Styrax japonica, Quercus variabilis, Carpinus laxiflora, Quercus mongolic, and Carpinus cordata forests according to the physignomy. It is peculiary significant that Quercus mongolica community was mainly distributed at the ridge, the high elevation and the steep slope areas of the mountain. The distribution of the leading dominant species in the tree layer showed a close relation with soil moisture gradient. For example, Quercus aliena, Platycarya strobilacea, Styrax japonica, and Zelkova serrata in the mesic area; Quercus mongolica, Fraxinus sieboldiana, and Lindera obtusiloba in xeric area. When the investigations were made starting from the Pinus densiflora community up to the Quercus mongolica community, a significant increase of total nitrogen, organic matter content, available phosphorus, and cation exchange capacity in soil was shown. 2. The relationship between the distributian of dominant species of forest vegetation and soil condition in Mt. Gyeryong was investigated by analyzing soil nutrition and moisture gradient. Carpinus cordata forest was distributed in the subserix and good nutrition area, Styrax japonica forest in the mesic and medium nutrition area, Pinus densiflora forest in the subserix and poor nutrition area, Quercus mongolica forest in the serix and relative good nutrition area, and Carpinus laxiflora and Quercus variabilis forest in the subserix and relative good nutrition area. 3. Based on the above classification, the vegetation map of Mt. Gyeryong was prepared in consideration of climate conditions, and the topography and distribution of soil. 4. The relative densities of an oak seedling of the Pinus densiflora community, the Pinus densiflora-Quercus variabilis community, and the Quercus mongolica community were 90%, 86%, and 63% respectively. And the relative density of a hornbeam seedling of the Quercus mongolica community was 29%. 5. According to the RA ordination, except particular terrain like rocky one, the major successionai pathway of tree layer was from a pine community through an oak community to a mongolian oak community in the hilly zones and to a hornbeam community in the low zones. 6. According to the interspecific correlatons, the tree layer was subdivided into Pinus densiflora group, Quercus mongolica group, and Styrax japonica group, and the shrub layer into Lespedeza bicolor-Indigofera kirilowi group and Callicarpa japonica-Euonymus oxyphyllus group, and the herb layer into Arundirtella hirta group, Disporum smilacinum group, and Ainsliaea acerifolia group. 7. In the whole mountains, ten dominant species of tree layer were found in the order of Pinus densiflora, Quercus mongolica, Quercus variabilis, Styrax japonica, Castanea crenata, Carpinus laxiflora, Quercus serrata, Styrax obassia, Zelkova serrata, and Prunus serrulata var. spontanea. The dominant species of shrub layer were Lespedeza maximowiczii, Quercus serrata, Srephanandra incisa, Fraxinus sieboldiana, Lindera obtusiloba, Weigela subsessilis, Quercus mongolica, Smilar china, Lespedeza bicolor, and Symplocos chinensis for. pilosa.

가변 풍속과 터뷸런스를 고려한 가변속 풍력 발전 시스템 시뮬레이터 개발

송승호(Song, Seung-Ho),김동용(Kim, Dong-Yong),양인선(Kim, In-Sun),경남호(Kyong, Nam-Ho) 한국신재생에너지학회 2006 한국신재생에너지학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2006 No.11

Control algorithms and implementation issues for a wind turbine simulator are presented for realistic emulation of variable wind characteristics using a lab-scale motor and generator set. When the average wind speed nd turbulence level is given, the torque reference of prime mover is decided through various blocks, such as random wind speed generator, blade characteristic curves, and tower effect compensation. The variable nature of wind can be implemented and tested by not only the computer simulation but also the hardware-in-loop-simulator (HILS). Some application examples of HILS include the development and test of turbine control software for more efficient and stable operation. Feasibility of the proposed simulator has verified by computer simulations and experiment.

Anti-wrinkling effects of the mixture of vitamin C, vitamin E, pycnogenol and evening primrose oil, and molecular mechanisms on hairless mouse skin caused by chronic ultraviolet B irradiation

Cho, Ho-Song,Lee, Min-Ho,Lee, Jae Woong,No, Kyong-Ok,Park, Sang-Ki,Lee, Heon-Sik,Kang, Sangjin,Cho, Wan-Goo,Park, Hye Ji,Oh, Ki Wan,Hong, Jin Tae Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2007 Photodermatology, photoimmunology & photomedicine Vol.23 No.5

<P>Background</P><P>Naturally occurring antioxidants were used to regulate the skin damage caused by ultraviolet (UV) radiation because several antioxidants have demonstrated that they can inhibit wrinkle formation through prevention of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and/or increase of collagen synthesis.</P><P>Objective</P><P>We examined the effect of oral administration of the antioxidant mixture of vitamin C, vitamin E, pycnogenol, and evening primrose oil on UVB-induced wrinkle formation. In addition, we investigated the possible molecular mechanism of photoprotection against UVB through inhibition of collagen-degrading MMP activity or through enhancement of procollagen synthesis in mouse dorsal skin.</P><P>Methods</P><P>Female SKH-1 hairless mice were orally administrated the antioxidant mixture (test group) or vehicle (control group) for 10 weeks with UVB irradiation three times a week. The intensity of irradiation was gradually increased from 30 to 180 mJ/cm<SUP>2</SUP>. Microtopographic and histological assessment of the dorsal skins was carried out at the end of 10 weeks to evaluate wrinkle formation. Western blot analysis and EMSA were also carried out to investigate the changes in the balance of collagen synthesis and collagen degradation.</P><P>Results</P><P>Our antioxidant mixture significantly reduced UVB-induced wrinkle formation, accompanied by significant reduction of epidermal thickness, and UVB-induced hyperplasia, acanthosis, and hyperkeratosis. This antioxidant mixture significantly prevented the UVB-induced expressions of MMPs, mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase, and activation of activator protein (AP)-1 transcriptional factor in addition to enhanced type I procollagen and transforming growth factor-β2 (TGF-β2) expression.</P><P>Conclusion</P><P>Oral administration of the antioxidant mixture significantly inhibited wrinkle formation caused by chronic UVB irradiation through significant inhibition of UVB-induced MMP activity accompanied by enhancement of collagen synthesis.</P>

Studies on the Yeast-Derived Hepatitis B Vaccine

Jung, Kyong-Hwan,Park, Kyong-Nam,Park, Mahn-Hoon,Kim, Sung-Jin,Song, Hee-Bok,Gu, Man-Bock,Kim, Kyong-Ho INSTITUTE OF TROPICAL MEDICINE YONSEI UNIVERSITY 1989 YONSEI REPORTS ON TROPICAL MEDICINE Vol.20 No.1

The yeast s. cerevisiae transformed with yeast expression vector (pMGGalphaH) produce HBsAg consistently, vHBsAg was purified form this yeast and formulated into the yeast derived hepatitis B vaccine. In this article, we conducted several studies on the characteristics of yHBsAg and on the immunogenecity of yeast-derived hepatitis B vaccine. The results are summarized as follows. 1) The physico-chemical characteristics of purified yHBsAg checked by electron microscopic observation, ultraviolet absorption analysis and ultracentrifugational analysis were as same those of hGHs Ag. 2) The purity of purified yHBsAg checked by SDS-PAGE and HPLC was above 98% and antigenecity checked by immunodiffusion test was same as hHBsAg. 3) The immunogenecity of yeast derived hepatitis B vaccine was identical to that of plasma-derived HB vaccine in mice and guinea pigs. ED50% of yeast HB vaccine in mice was 0.3125㎍/㎖. 4) Seroconversion rate of volunteers vaccinated with 20㎍/dose of yeast-derived HB vaccine was 32.8% at month after first injection, 64.1% at 2 months, 91.5% at 6 months and 98.4% at 7 months. The result of this studies indicate that yeast-derived hepatitis B vaccine developed at Mogam Biotechnology Research Institute is safe and immunogenic for man