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Phthalate Levels in Beverages in Japan and Korea
Yano, K.,Hirosawa, N.,Sakamoto, Y.,Katayama, H.,Moriguchi, T.,Joung, K. E.,Sheen, Y. Y.,Asaoka, K. 梨花女子大學校 藥學硏究所 2002 藥學硏究論文集 Vol.- No.11
Considerable number of endocrine disruptors (7 compounds) are known today (Japan Environmental Agency, 1998). Among them, phthalates are considered to be in most abundance in our environment. The production of phthalates in Japan was 474 thousand tones in 1998 (Kasozai Kogyo Kai, 1999), around 56% of which was di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) uesd mainly as plasticizers in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) production, is widely used in PVC, nitrocellulose polyvinyl acetate, painting inks, adhesives and lacquers. PVC contains up to 40% phthalates by weight wuthout covalently binding to other ingredients in the PVC(Needham et al., 2000). Thus, significant amounts of DEHP and DBP are easily released from the plastics into the environment during production, used and disposal, resulting in the pollution of food air, water, soil and homes.
Ogawa, Shimpei,Itabashi, Michio,Hirosawa, Tomoichiro,Hashimoto, Takuzo,Bamba, Yoshiko,Kameoka, Shingo Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.2
Background: To evaluate use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and a logistic model including risk factors for lymph node metastasis for improved diagnosis. Materials and Methods: The subjects were 176 patients with rectal cancer who underwent preoperative MRI. The longest lymph node diameter was measured and a cut-off value for positive lymph node metastasis was established based on a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. A logistic model was constructed based on MRI findings and risk factors for lymph node metastasis extracted from logistic-regression analysis. The diagnostic capabilities of MRI alone and those of the logistic model were compared using the area under the curve (AUC) of the ROC curve. Results: The cut-off value was a diameter of 5.47 mm. Diagnosis using MRI had an accuracy of 65.9%, sensitivity 73.5%, specificity 61.3%, positive predictive value (PPV) 62.9%, and negative predictive value (NPV) 72.2% [AUC: 0.6739 (95%CI: 0.6016-0.7388)]. Age (<59) (p=0.0163), pT (T3+T4) (p=0.0001), and BMI (<23.5) (p=0.0003) were extracted as independent risk factors for lymph node metastasis. Diagnosis using MRI with the logistic model had an accuracy of 75.0%, sensitivity 72.3%, specificity 77.4%, PPV 74.1%, and NPV 75.8% [AUC: 0.7853 (95%CI: 0.7098-0.8454)], showing a significantly improved diagnostic capacity using the logistic model (p=0.0002). Conclusions: A logistic model including risk factors for lymph node metastasis can improve the accuracy of MRI diagnosis of rectal cancer.
Jung, Yun-Chul,Ohmori, Yasuya,Nakai, Kiyomichi,Hirosawa, Satoshi,Kanekiyo, Hirokazu 경상대학교 첨단소재연구소 2001 NANO 기술 심포지엄 Vol.2001 No.1
The effect of Cr addition on the crystallization processes and the magnetic properties of Nd4.5Fe77-xB18.5(x = 1 to 20at%) amorphous ribbons have been investigated by means of DTA, XRD and HRTEM. The crystallization sequences of the amorphous ribbons with 0 to 5% Cr can be expressed as: Am (amorphous)→Fe3B+[Am]→Nd2Fe23B3+[Am+Fe3B]→Nd2Fe14B+[Am+Fe3B+Nd2Fe23B3]→〈-Fe+[Fe3B+Nd2Fe23B3+Nd2Fe14B3+Nd2Fe14B]→[Fe3B+Nd2Fe14B+〈-Fe]→ NdFe4B4+[Fe3B+Nd2Fe23B+〈-Fe]. In the ribbons with Cr above 10%, the Cr1.65Fe0.35B0.96 and the (Cr, Fe)2B phases were formed instead of Nd2Fe23B3 and NdFe4B4, respectively. By the Addition of Cr, the crystallization temperature and the incubation time for the first crystallization increased and the formation of Nd2Fe23B3 was suppressed. With increasing the amounts of Cr content, the coercive force increased. However, the crystallization temperature and the incubation time for the first crystallization decreased in the 1% Cr ribbon.
Characteristics of Liver Cancer at Khmer-Soviet Friendship Hospital in Phnom Penh, Cambodia
Narin, Piseth,Hamajima, Nobuyuki,Kouy, Samnang,Hirosawa, Tomoya,Eav, Sokha Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.1
Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most frequent cancers in South East Asian countries including Cambodia, where prevalence of chronic carriers of hepatitis B and C virus (HBV and HCV) is reported to be very high. We reviewed HCC cases admitted to a cancer hospital in Phnom Penh, which is the only one hospital for cancer treatment and care in Cambodia during the study period. Materials and Methods: Information was collected from medical records of 281 cases (210 males and 71 females) diagnosed as primary HCC from 2006 to 2011. Results: The subjects were 7-81 years old with a median age of 53 years. Hypochondriac pain was the most common complained symptom (74%). One third of the cases presented with jaundice. Nearly half had ascites at their first visit. One third had liver cirrhosis. Nearly three fourths of the cases presented with tumor sized more than 50 mm in diameter, and in almost all cases (97.4%) the size was more than 20 mm. Among 209 subjects tested, hepatitis virus carriers were 75.6%; 46.4% for HBV only, 21.5% for HCV only, and 7.7% for both viral infections. Median age of patients with HBV was about ten years younger than those with HCV. Conclusions: This study revealed the characteristics of HCC cases in Cambodia, although there were several limitations. Most HCC cases were infected with HBV and/or HCV, and diagnosed at late stages with complications. This implicated that public health intervention to prevent HBV and HCV infection is of high priority.
Smoking and Associated Factors Among the Population Aged 40-64 in Shahroud, Iran
Hamrah, Mohammad Shoaib,Harun-Or-Rashid, Md.,Hirosawa, Tomoya,Sakamoto, Junichi,Hashemi, Hassan,Emamian, Mohammad Hassan,Shariati, Mohammad,Fotouhi, Akbar Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.3
Background: Smoking is known as a major risk factor for different types of cancer, as well as cardiovascular disease. Its prevalence is increasing in developing countries. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of smoking and its associated factors among the population aged 40-64 years in the city of Shahroud which is a representative urban population in Iran. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional population-based study with stratified random cluster sampling was conducted in 2009 as the first phase of Shahroud Eye Cohort Study. Of 6,311 people, 5,190 participated (82.2%). Information about smoking habit was obtained by face-to-face interview. Results: The overall prevalence of current tobacco smoking was 11.3% (95%CI: 10.5-12.3). It was significantly higher among males than females (25.7% and 0.71%, P<0.001). The prevalence of current cigarette smoking was 10.8% and 1.75% were past smokers. The smoking rate of water-pipe was 0.67%. Unemployed people smoked more than employed (OR=2.66, 95%CI: 1.38-5.14). Conclusions: The prevalence of smoking is low in Shahroud compared with other parts of Iran and other countries. Age, sex, job and marital status were associated with smoking. The low smoking rate among women may be attributed to cultural and social reasons.