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Lee, Jeong-Hoon,Kodama, Keita,Oyama, Masaaki,Shiraishi, Hiroaki,Horiguchi, Toshihiro Elsevier 2017 Marine environmental research Vol.128 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We investigated factors that might have disturbed the stock recovery of marbled flounder in Tokyo Bay by focusing on the early life stages. Field surveys in Tokyo Bay from 2006 to 2011 revealed that mature adult biomass increased from 2006 to 2008 and decreased thereafter. Meanwhile, larval and juvenile densities were high in 2006 and 2008 but low in other years. Discrepancies in the yearly trends of these parameters suggest that mortality during life stages between spawning and early larval phases might have affected the abundance of the subsequent life stages. Monthly mean water temperature between January and February, in which hatching and pelagic larvae occur in the bay, was lower in 2006 (8.6 °C) and 2008 (9.6 °C) than was observed in other years (10.4–11.4 °C). Significant negative correlation between water temperature and larval density implies that mortality during pre- and post-larval stages would be higher in warmer winter years (>10 °C). To test this hypothesis, we examined the effects of water temperature on mortality and development in egg and larval stages under controlled laboratory conditions. Hatching rate was high in a water temperature range of 9.2–12.7 °C (66.6–82.5%), whereas it decreased in cooler (3.7% at 5.9 °C) or warmer (33.9% at 14.8 °C) conditions. Meanwhile, days from fertilization to hatching, size of larvae at hatching and survival rate of larvae after 18 d from hatching were monotonically and significantly decreased as water temperature was elevated. Combined evidence of the field and laboratory studies suggests that a warmer reproductive season (>10 °C) might induce mortalities of marbled flounder larvae in Tokyo Bay.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Effects of temperature on the early life stages of marbled flounder were examined. </LI> <LI> Larval and juvenile densities in Tokyo Bay were low during warmer winter years >10 °C. </LI> <LI> High larval mortality in warmer conditions was confirmed by laboratory experiments. </LI> <LI> Elevated temperature during reproductive season may result in recruitment failure. </LI> </UL> </P>
Sakurai, Takeo,Kobayashi, Jun,Kinoshita, Kyoko,Ito, Nozomi,Serizawa, Shigeko,Shiraishi, Hiroaki,Lee, Jeong-Hoon,Horiguchi, Toshihiro,Maki, Hideaki,Mizukawa, Kaoruko,Imaizumi, Yoshitaka,Kawai, Toru,Suz Wiley Periodicals 2013 Environmental toxicology and chemistry Vol.32 No.9
<P>The authors investigated the kinetics of transfer of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) from water, suspended sediment, and bottom sediment to a marine benthic fish, the marbled flounder (<I>Pseudopleuronectes yokohamae</I>). Fish were exposed in 3 treatments to PFOS in combinations of these exposure media for 28 d and then depurated for 84 d. A major part (37–66%) of PFOS in the fish was in the carcass (i.e., whole body minus muscle and internal organs). Three first-order-kinetic models that differed in exposure media, that is, 1) sum of dissolved and particulate phases and sediment; 2) dissolved phase, particulate phase, and sediment; and 3) dissolved phase only, were fitted to the data assuming common rate constants among the treatments. The uptake efficiency of dissolved PFOS at the respiratory surfaces was estimated to be 3.2% that of oxygen, and the half-life of PFOS in the whole body to be 29 d to 31 d. The better fit of models 1 and 2 and the values of the estimated uptake rate constants suggested that the PFOS in suspended and bottom sediments, in addition to that dissolved in water, contributed to the observed body burden of the fish. Based on an evaluation of several possible contributing factors to the uptake of PFOS from suspended and bottom sediments, the authors propose that further investigation is necessary regarding the mechanisms responsible for the uptake. <I>Environ Toxicol Chem</I> 2013;32:2009–2017. © 2013 The Authors. <I>Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry</I> Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc., on behalf of SETAC. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.</P>