TRIBAL RETAILING SPECTACLE: INSIGHTS FROM A POP-UP CONSUMPTION CARNIVAL

Joel Hietanen,Pekka Mattila,Antti Sihvonen 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2014 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2014 No.4

Various forms of consumer gatherings have been increasingly recognized to collectively organize new marketplaces where consumer value arises from shared experiences of social belonging and togetherness. One such rapidly globalizing retail phenomenon is Restaurant Day, where everyday citizens, in a form of tempered civil disobedience, suspend the rules and regulations of commercial retail to create a one-day restaurant carnival that takes the form of copious pop-up restaurants located throughout city-spaces. An ethnographic exploration of this retail spectacle allows us to reconsider many conventional notions of the retailing discourse and problematize the notion of consumer activism in such contexts.

“Managerial storytelling”: how we produce managerial and academic stories in qualitative B2B case study research

Joel Hietanen,Antti Sihvonen,Henrikki Tikkanen,Pekka Mattila 한국마케팅과학회 2014 마케팅과학연구 Vol.24 No.3

With a focus on case study research methods, this study continues the epistemologicaldebate about qualitative research approaches in the IMP literature by reconsidering thereliance on managerial interviews as a primary empirical source in the production ofknowledge claims. In this empirical approach, researchers seem to often treat theinterview process and the analysis and reporting of research findings in a manner thatgenerally gives situational credence to the veracity and factuality of the interview data. In line with several epistemological approaches that have already surfaced in IMPliterature, this study further emphasizes the context-dependent, ephemeral andultimately unstable nature of managerial “truths” imparted in the interviews. We arguethat the data should be empathically and reflexively understood as the production ofstories and their reporting as a form of academic storytelling of pragmatic academicand managerial value.

TRIBAL RETAILING SPECTACLE: INSIGHTS FROM A POP-UP CONSUMPTION CARNIVAL

Joel Hietanen,Pekka Mattila,Antti Sihvonen 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2014 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2014 No.7

Various forms of consumer gatherings have been increasingly recognized to collectively organize new marketplaces where consumer value arises from shared experiences of social belonging and togetherness. One such rapidly globalizing retail phenomenon is Restaurant Day, where everyday citizens, in a form of tempered civil disobedience, suspend the rules and regulations of commercial retail to create a one-day restaurant carnival that takes the form of copious pop-up restaurants located throughout city-spaces. An ethnographic exploration of this retail spectacle allows us to reconsider many conventional notions of the retailing discourse and problematize the notion of consumer activism in such contexts.

COUNTERFEIT AS ADVERTISING: EXPLORING THE BENEFITS OF COUNTERFEIT FOR LUXURY BRANDS

Antti Sihvonen,Joel Hietanen,Henrikki Tikkanen,Pekka Mattila 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2016 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2016 No.7

In the framework of luxury marketing, counterfeits have been constructed as a constant threat – an irritating presence and a hostile intruder (Bian & Mouthinho, 2008; Keller, 2009). However, there now exists a minor but growing body of literature that has found counterfeits as potentially non-threatening or even beneficial for luxury brands (e.g., Barnett, 2005; Romani, Gistri & Pace, 2012). Building on this emerging stream of evidence, the goal of this conceptual paper is to explore how counterfeits act as advertising for luxury brands and how luxury brands could benefit from this. To understand the communicative potential of counterfeits, we construct our argument around Veblen’s (1899/1994) foundational notion of how the conspicuous consumption of luxury revolves around the creation of new styles by/for the elite consumers and the efforts of the masses to emulate them. In doing so, we differentiate the effects based on whether they contribute to the emergence of new luxury goods targeted to elite consumers or the diffusion of luxury to the masses. The emergence of luxury stems from the desire of elite consumers to distinguish themselves from the masses through conspicuous consumption (Veblen, 1899/1994). Counterfeits contribute to this phenomenon by accelerating the snob effect (Leibenstein, 1950) as counterfeits destroy snob premium of goods and drives elite consumers to seek new ways to distinguish themselves (Barnett, 2005). Counterfeits also accelerate the fashion cycle that luxury companies depend on (see also Sproles, 1981). They do so by induced obsolescence that destroys the status value of product designs when they are copied and by anchoring trends to design features that accelerate their diffusion and subsequent replacement (Raustiala & Sprigman, 2006; 2009). Another key component of conspicuous consumption relates to the diffusion of luxury to the greater public (Veblen, 1899/1994). Therein counterfeits can generate aspiration effect when non-elite consumers imitate elite consumers by consuming counterfeits and in so doing generate brand awareness and exposure among other non-elite consumers (Barnett, 2005; Shultz & Saporito, 1996) at early stages of diffusion. During latter stages of diffusion counterfeits can generate bandwagon effect (Leibenstein, 1950) as they confer the desirability of certain luxury goods and brands over others (Barnett, 2005;Bekir, El Harbi & Grolleau, 2008). Finally, counterfeits can generate herding effect as they signal which to consumers which goods are desirable and appreciated or ‘trendy’ at a certain point in time (De Castro, Balkin & Shepherd 2008).

Generative mechanisms in project marketing – an agenda for inquiry

Jaako Aspara,Joel Hietanen,Pekka Mattila,Antti Sihvonen,Henrikki Tikkanen 한국마케팅과학회 2013 마케팅과학연구 Vol.23 No.2

Project-based exchanges have become the central form of doing business for many companies and therefore research of project marketing activities has become of interest for many B2B academicians. In this study, we contribute to this discourse by proposing three macro-level generative mechanisms for connecting project marketing to business performance.To do so, we outline a critical realist philosophy of science and a perspective to uncoveringgenerative mechanisms behind business performance. Specifically, the mechanisms we propose are: 1) project construction, 2) project implementation, and 3) project transition & leveraging. Additionally, we suggest that these mechanisms and the micromechanisms they constitute of could be explored from a critical realist perspective through the use of event-structure analysis (ESA) and qualitative comparative analysis (QCA).

Testing of Common Electromagnetic Environments for Risk of Interference with Cardiac Pacemaker Function

Tiikkaja, Maria,Aro, Aapo L.,Alanko, Tommi,Lindholm, Harri,Sistonen, Heli,Hartikainen, Juha E.K.,Toivonen, Lauri,Juutilainen, Jukka,Hietanen, Maila Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute 2013 Safety and health at work Vol.4 No.3

Background: Cardiac pacemakers are known to be susceptible to strong electromagnetic fields (EMFs). This in vivo study investigated occurrence of electromagnetic interference with pacemakers caused by common environmental sources of EMFs. Methods: Eleven volunteers with a pacemaker were exposed to EMFs produced by two mobile phone base stations, an electrically powered commuter train, and an overhead high voltage transmission lines. All the pacemakers were programmed in normal clinically selected settings with bipolar sensing and pacing configurations. Results: None of the pacemakers experienced interference in any of these exposure situations. However, often it is not clear whether or not strong EMFs exist in various work environments, and hence an individual risk assessment is needed. Conclusions: Modern pacemakers are well shielded against external EMFs, and workers with a pacemaker can most often return to their previous work after having a pacemaker implanted. However, an appropriate risk assessment is still necessary after the implantation of a pacemaker, a change of its generator, or major modification of its programming settings.

Testing of Common Electromagnetic Environments for Risk of Interference with Cardiac Pacemaker Function

Maria Tiikkaja,Aapo L. Aro,Tommi Alanko,Harri Lindholm,Heli Sistonen,Juha E.K. Hartikainen,Lauri Toivonen,Jukka Juutilainen,Maila Hietanen 한국산업안전보건공단 산업안전보건연구원 2013 Safety and health at work Vol.4 No.3

Background: Cardiac pacemakers are known to be susceptible to strong electromagnetic fields (EMFs). This in vivo study investigated occurrence of electromagnetic interference with pacemakers caused by common environmental sources of EMFs. Methods: Eleven volunteers with a pacemaker were exposed to EMFs produced by two mobile phone base stations, an electrically powered commuter train, and an overhead high voltage transmission lines. All the pacemakers were programmed in normal clinically selected settings with bipolar sensing and pacing configurations. Results: None of the pacemakers experienced interference in any of these exposure situations. However, often it is not clear whether or not strong EMFs exist in various work environments, and hence an individual risk assessment is needed. Conclusions: Modern pacemakers are well shielded against external EMFs, and workers with a pacemaker can most often return to their previous work after having a pacemaker implanted. However, an appropriate risk assessment is still necessary after the implantation of a pacemaker, a change of its generator, or major modification of its programming settings.