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RISS 인기검색어
- 검색키워드
- 저자 : Hidetoshi Murakami (검색결과 6 건)
- 무료
- 기관 내 무료
- 유료
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The modified Mood test for the scale alternative and its numerical comparisons
Hidetoshi Murakami,하형태 한국통계학회 2015 Journal of the Korean Statistical Society Vol.44 No.4
On statistical hypotheses testing in two-sample problems, the Mood test is popular as one of the most efficient nonparametric tests for dispersion differences. In this paper, we show that a modification of the Mood test proposed by Tamura (1963) can gain even more efficiency and power under various distributional assumptions. The accuracy of the proposed approximations to the tail probabilities and critical values of the modified Mood test, namely Mp, were investigated. Our results showed that the Edgeworth expansion was more accurate than the other approximations. Asymptotic efficiencies and the optimal value p of the modified Mood test under various distributional assumptions were examined, with the results revealing that the large (small) value of p was useful for light (heavy) tail distributions. Additionally, the power of the modified Mood test for the one-sided alternative with various population distributions for small sample sizes was investigated via Monte Carlo simulations. Finally, the proposed method was demonstrated using real data.
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Unbiasedness and biasedness of the Jonckheere–Terpstra and the Kruskal–Wallis tests
Hidetoshi Murakami,이성건 한국통계학회 2015 Journal of the Korean Statistical Society Vol.44 No.3
Finding the unbiasedness and biasedness of test statistics is important in testing a hypothesis. In this study, the unbiasedness/biasedness of the Jonckheere–Terpstra test is investigated for ordered alternatives. Our results show that the one-sided Jonckheere–Terpstra test is unbiased for the location parameter family of distributions and that the nonrandomized two-sided Jonckheere–Terpstra test is biased for the shifted location parameter. Additionally, the unbiasedness/biasedness of the Kruskal–Wallis test is considered for the general two-sided alternatives. By giving a counter example, our investigation reveals that the Kruskal–Wallis test is biased against a shifted location parameter for unequal sample sizes. Our results indicate that we require to consider a bias correction for the nonparametric tests.
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Murakami, Haruyasu,Nokihara, Hiroshi,Hayashi, Hidetoshi,Seto, Takashi,Park, Keunchil,Azuma, Koichi,Tsai, Chun‐,Ming,Yang, James Chih‐,Hsin,Nishio, Makoto,Kim, Sang‐,We,Kiura, Katsuyu John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2018 CANCER SCIENCE Vol.109 No.9
<P>Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)‐activating mutations confer sensitivity to tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment for non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC). ASP8273 is a highly specific, irreversible, once‐daily, oral, EGFR TKI that inhibits both activating and resistance mutations. This ASP8273 dose‐escalation/dose‐expansion study (NCT02192697) was undertaken in two phases. In phase I, Japanese patients (aged ≥20 years) with NSCLC previously treated with ≥1 EGFR TKI received escalating ASP8273 doses (25‐600 mg) to assess safety/tolerability and to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and/or the recommended phase II dose (RP2D) by the Bayesian Continual Reassessment Method. In phase II, adult patients with T790M‐positive NSCLC in Japan, Korea, and Taiwan received ASP8273 at RP2D to further assess safety/tolerability and determine antitumor activity, which was evaluated according to Simon's two‐stage design (threshold response = 30%, expected response = 50%, α = 0.05, β = 0.1). Overall, 121 (n = 45 [33W/12M] phase I, n = 76 [48W/28M]) phase 2) patients received ≥1 dose of ASP8273. In phase I, RP2D and MTD were established as 300 and 400 mg, respectively. As 27 of the 63 patients treated with ASP8273 300 mg achieved a clinical response, ASP8273 was determined to have antitumor activity. The overall response rate at week 24 in all patients was 42% (n = 32/76; 95% confidence interval, 30.9‐54.0). Median duration of progression‐free survival was 8.1 months (95% confidence interval, 5.6, upper bound not reached). The most commonly reported treatment‐related adverse event in phase II was diarrhea (57%, n = 43/76). ASP8273 300 mg was generally well tolerated and showed antitumor activity in Asian patients with both EGFR‐activating and T790M mutations.</P>
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The generalized Cucconi test statistic for the two-sample problem
Takuya Nishino,Hidetoshi Murakami 한국통계학회 2019 Journal of the Korean Statistical Society Vol.48 No.4
When testing hypotheses in two-sample problem, the Lepage test statistic is often used to jointly test the location and scale parameters, and this test statistic has been discussed by many authors over the years. Since two-sample nonparametric testing plays an important role in biometry, the Cucconi test statistic is generalized to the location, scale, and location–scale parameters in two-sample problem. The limiting distribution of the suggested test statistic is derived under the hypotheses. Deriving the exact critical value of the test statistic is difficult when the sample sizes are increased. A gamma approximation is used to evaluate the upper tail probability for the proposed test statistic given finite sample sizes. The asymptotic efficiencies of the proposed test statistic are determined for various distributions. The consistency of the original Cucconi test statistic is shown on the specific cases. Finally, the original Cucconi statistic is discussed in the theory of ties.
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Sagami Ryota,Yamao Kentaro,Minami Ryuki,Nakahodo Jun,Akiyama Hidetoshi,Nishikiori Hidefumi,Mizukami Kazuhiro,Yamao Kenji,Bhatia Vikram,Amano Yuji,Murakami Kazunari 거트앤리버 소화기연관학회협의회 2024 Gut and Liver Vol.18 No.2
Background/Aims: High-grade pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia and invasive pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma ≤10 mm are targets for early detection of pancreatic cancer. However, their imaging characteristics are unknown. We aimed to identify endoscopic ultrasound findings for the detection of these lesions. Methods: Patients diagnosed with high-grade pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (n=29), pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma ≤10 mm (n=11) (who underwent surgical resection), or benign main pancreatic duct stenosis (n=20) between January 2014 and January 2021 were retrospectively included. Six features differentiating these lesions were examined by endoscopic ultrasonography: main pancreatic duct stenosis, upstream main pancreatic duct dilation, hypoechoic areas surrounding the main pancreatic duct irregularities (mottled areas without demarcation or round areas with demarcation), branch duct dilation, prominent lobular segmentation, and atrophy. Interobserver agreement was assessed by two independent observers. Results: Hypoechoic areas surrounding the main pancreatic duct irregularities were observed more frequently in high-grade pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (82.8%) and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma ≤10 mm (90.9%) than in benign stenosis (15.0%) (p<0.001). High-grade pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia exhibited mottled hypoechoic areas more frequently (79.3% vs 18.9%, p<0.001), and round hypoechoic areas less frequently (3.4% vs 72.7%, p<0.001), than pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma ≤10 mm. The sensitivity and specificity of hypoechoic areas for differentiating high-grade pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma ≤10 mm, and benign stenosis were both 85.0%, with moderate interobserver agreement. Conclusions: The hypoechoic areas surrounding main pancreatic duct irregularities on endoscopic ultrasound may differentiate between high-grade pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma ≤10 mm, and benign stenosis (Trial Registration: UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN000044789).
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