Supplementation of Dried Mealworm (Tenebrio molitor larva) on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility and Blood Profiles in Weaning Pigs

Jin, X.H.,Heo, P.S.,Hong, J.S.,Kim, N.J.,Kim, Y.Y. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2016 Animal Bioscience Vol.29 No.7

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dried mealworm (Tenebrio molitor larva) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and blood profiles in weaning pigs. A total of 120 weaning pigs ($28{\pm}3days$ and $8.04{\pm}0.08kg$ of body weight) were allotted to one of five treatments, based on sex and body weight, in 6 replicates with 4 pigs per pen by a randomized complete block design. Supplementation level of dried mealworm was 0%, 1.5%, 3.0%, 4.5%, or 6.0% in experimental diet as treatment. Two phase feeding programs (phase I from 0 day to 14 day, phase II from 14 day to 35 day) were used in this experiment. All animals were allowed to access diet and water ad libitum. During phase I, increasing level of dried mealworm in diet linearly improved the body weight (p<0.01), average daily gain (ADG) (p<0.01) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) (p<0.01). During phase II, ADG also tended to increase linearly when pigs were fed higher level of dried mealworm (p = 0.08). In addition, increasing level of dried mealworm improved the ADG (p<0.01), ADFI (p<0.05) and tended to increase gain to feed ratio (p = 0.07) during the whole experimental period. As dried mealworm level was increased, nitrogen retention and digestibility of dry matter as well as crude protein were linearly increased (p = 0.05). In the results of blood profiles, decrease of blood urea nitrogen (linear, p = 0.05) and increase of insulin-like growth factor (linear, p = 0.03) were observed as dried mealworm was increased in diet during phase II. However, there were no significant differences in immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgG concentration by addition of dried mealworm in the growth trial. Consequently, supplementation of dried mealworm up to 6% in weaning pigs' diet improves growth performance and nutrient digestibility without any detrimental effect on immune responses.

Inductor-less SiGe pin diode attenuator with low phase variations

Zhu, S.,Mikul, A.O.,Sun, P.,You, Y.,Kim, Jong-Hoon,Kim, Byeong-Sam,Heo, Deukhyoun IET 2012 Electronics letters Vol.48 No.20

<P>An inductor-less wideband (6-18 GHz) 3-bit attenuator with low phase variations is presented based on octagonal SiGe p-type intrinsic n-type ( pin) diodes. To achieve low insertion loss and high linearity, a DC bias scheme has been designed to minimise the leakage from the parasitic diodes between the P-sub and N-well of the pin diodes. The attenuator is fabricated in a standard 0.18 mm SiGe BiCMOS process without using post-processed transmission lines. It has a maximum attenuation range of 7 dB. The minimum measured insertion loss is 7.9, 9.4, 10.6 dB at 6, 12, 18 GHz, respectively. Phase variation is lower than ± 2.5° and the chip size, including pads, is 0.85 x 0.412 mm<SUP>2</SUP>.</P>

Effect of Different Spray Dried Plasmas on Growth, Ileal Digestibility, Nutrient Deposition, Immunity and Health of Early-Weaned Pigs Challenged with E. coli K88

Bosi, P.,Han, In K.,Jung, H.J.,Heo, K.N.,Perini, S.,Castellazzi, A.M.,Casini, L.,Creston, D.,Gremokolini, C. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2001 Animal Bioscience Vol.14 No.8

A total of 96 piglets were weaned at 19 and 13 days in Exp. 1 and 2, respectively, and allotted to one of four diets: three with different spray dried plasmas (SPs) and one with hydrolysed casein (HC). SPs were from pigs (SPP), mixed origin (SMP), and mixed origin with standardized level of immunoglobulins (SMPIG). All the diets contained 1.7% total lysine, 25% of the test protein source, 45% corn starch, 15% lactose, 2% sucrose, 7% soybean oil. At d 4 and d 2 in Exp. 1 and 2, respectively, piglets were perorally challenged with $10^{10}$ CFU E. coli K88. Growth performance, immunity, and health condition were measured for 15 days and 14 days in Exp. 1 and 2, respectively. To investigate apparent ileal digestibility and nutrient deposition, all piglets were sacrificed at d 14 in Exp. 2. In 1. 3 piglets died in HC diet and 1 in SPP diet. HC diet showed higher mortality (p<0.01) than other diets. In Exp. 2, no clinical sign of infection was detected, no difference for the content of E. coli K88 was found in feces at 4 and 6 days after the infection, and no E. coli K88 was found in the jejunum at the end of experiment. In both experiments, feed intake was lower for HC diet and ADG was 96, 106, 122 and 155 for HC, SPP, SMP and SMPIG diet, respectively (HC vs others, p<0.05; SMPIG vs other SP, p<0.01). Heal apparent digestibility of nitrogen in sacrificed piglets was higher for HC diet (p<0.05). After the challenge, K88-specific titers in saliva (Exp. 1) and in plasma (Exp. 2) were reduced in SMP and SMPIG. The piglets positive to the adhesion of the used E. coli strain to the intestinal brush borders had a significantly reduced growth (p<0.01) and a higher K88-specific IgA titer in plasma, in comparison with negative ones. This effect was independent of the diet. The data show the relevance of spray dried plasma sources and particularly of SP with standardized level of immunoglobulins for the feeding of early-weaned at the risk of infection by enterotoxigenic bacteria.

Inhibition of NF-κB-induced inflammatory responses by angiotensin II antagonists in aged rat kidney

Kim, J.M.,Heo, H.S.,Choi, Y.J.,Ye, B.H.,Mi Ha, Y.,Seo, A.Y.,Yu, B.P.,Leeuwenburgh, C.,Chung, H.Y.,Carter, C.S. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2011 Experimental Gerontology Vol.46 No.7

In this study, we explored the mechanisms by which the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI), enalapril, and the Ang II receptor blocker (ARB), losartan suppress oxidative stress and NF-κB activation-induced inflammatory responses in aged rat kidney. The experimentations were carried out utilizing aged (24-month-old) Brown NorwayxFischer 344 (F1) male rats which were randomized into 3 groups and administered enalapril (40mg/kg), losartan (30mg/kg) or placebo for 6months (daily p.o.). The level of reactive species (RS), peroxynitrite (ONOO<SUP>-</SUP>), GSH/GSSG and lipid peroxidation were measured. The activity of the pro-inflammatory transcription factor NF-κB, and gene expression of proteins in upstream signaling cascades were measured by electro-mobility shift assay (EMSA) and Western blotting. Enalapril and losartan differentially attenuated redox imbalance and the redox-sensitive transcription factor, the NF-κB pathway. Furthermore, stimulation of the NF-κB activation pathway by phosphorylation of p65 was attenuated by both compounds. Moreover, mediation of phosphorylation of p65 by phosphorylation of IκB kinase αβ (IKKαβ) and mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase-1 (MSK-1), were also inhibited by enalapril and losartan. Finally, both compounds also lowered expression of NF-κB-dependent inflammatory genes, such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and inducible NO synthase (iNOS). Only losartan lowered levels of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX). These findings indicate that enalapril and losartan differentially suppress inflammatory responses via inhibition of oxidative stress-induced NF-κB activation in aged rat kidney.

Effect of Dietary Lysine Restriction and Energy Density on Performance, Nutrient Digestibility and Meat Quality in Finishing Pigs

Jin, Y.H.,Oh, H.K.,Piao, L.G.,Jang, S.K.,Choi, Y.H.,Heo, P.S.,Jang, Y.D.,Kim, Y.Y. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2010 Animal Bioscience Vol.23 No.9

This experiment evaluated the effects of dietary lysine restriction and energy density on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and meat quality of finishing pigs. A $2{\times}2$ factorial arrangement of treatments was utilized in a randomized complete block (RCB) design, and factor 1 was lysine restriction and factor 2 was energy density. The control diet was formulated to contain 3.265 Mcal of ME/kg, 0.75% lysine in the early-finishing phase and 3.265 Mcal of ME/kg, 0.60% lysine in the late-finishing phase and other nutrients met or exceeded NRC (1998) standards. Compared to the control diet (CON), lysine levels of experimental diets were restricted to 15% (treatment EL, EEL) or 30% (treatment ELL, EELL), whereas energy level of experimental diets was increased by 0.100 or 0.200 Mcal of ME/kg. A total of 100 crossbred pigs ([Yorkshire${\times}$Landrace]${\times}$Duroc), with average initial body weight of $58.47{\pm}1.42\;kg$, were allotted to 5 dietary treatments based on sex and body weight. Each treatment had 5 replicates with 4 pigs (two barrows and two gilts) per pen. ADG, ADFI and feed efficiency were calculated in an 8-week growth trial. In the late finishing period (5-8 weeks), pigs fed ELL or EELL diets had decreased ADG and feed efficiency (p<0.01), however, when the EEL diet was provided, a similar growth performance was observed compared to those fed the CON diet during the whole experimental period (p>0.05). In a metabolic trial, 15 pigs were used to evaluate the effect of dietary lysine restriction and energy density on nutrient digestibility. The digestibility of dry matter, crude fat and crude ash was not improved by restricting dietary lysine or energy density. However, crude protein digestibility was decreased (p<0.05) as dietary lysine was restricted. When dietary lysine was restricted, fecal nitrogen was increased whereas nitrogen retention was decreased. BUN concentration was affected by dietary lysine restriction; treatments ELL and EELL had higher BUN values than other treatments (p<0.01). Carcass characteristics and meat quality were measured when average body weight of pigs reached $107.83{\pm}1.50\;kg$. Treatment ELL had higher last rib backfat depth (p<0.05) than treatment CON, but ELL and EEL did not differ significantly. The ELL and EEL treatments had higher (p<0.05) subjective marbling score than treatment CON. Treatment EEL showed higher longissimus fat content than treatment EL and CON (p<0.01). The results indicated that finishing pigs fed a diet with 15% lysine restriction and 3.465 Mcal of ME/kg energy density had no detrimental effects on growth performance and N utilization, and could achieve substantial increases in marbling and longissimus fat content of pork.

International key comparison CCQM-K94: 10 μmol/mol dimethyl sulfide in nitrogen

Lee, S,Heo, G S,Kim, Y,Oh, S,Han, Q,Wu, H,Konopelko, L A,Kustikov, Y A,Kolobova, A V,Efremova, O V,Pankratov, V V,Pavlov, M V,Culleton, L P,Brown, A S,Brookes, C,Li, J,Ziel, P R,van der Veen, A M H IOP 2016 Metrologia Vol.53 No.-

<P></P> <P>Dimethyl sulfide (DMS) is an important compound in monitoring climate change and is monitored by the World Meteorological Organization Global Atmospheric Watch Volatile Organic Compounds (WMO-GAW VOC) program at several monitoring sites. It is essential that measurement results are accurate and consistent among the assigned values for primary gas mixtures to meet the WMO requirement. The purpose of this comparison is to compare the measurement capability of DMS at approximately 10 μ­mol/mol and expectation to contribute the establishment of traceability to single measurement scale for DMS between NMIs.</P> <H2>Main text</H2> <P>To reach the main text of this paper, click on <A HREF='http://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/final_reports/QM/K94/CCQM-K94_Final_Report.pdf'>Final Report</A>. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database <A HREF='http://kcdb.bipm.org/'>kcdb.bipm.org/</A>.</P> <P>The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).</P>

Strategy for enhancing the solar-driven water splitting performance of TiO₂ nanorod arrays with thin Zn(O,S) passivated layer by atomic layer deposition

Shin, S.W.,Suryawanshi, M.P.,Hong, H.K.,Yun, G.,Lim, D.,Heo, J.,Kang, S.H.,Kim, J.H. Pergamon Press 2016 ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA Vol.219 No.-

An array of one dimensional (1D) TiO<SUB>2</SUB> nanorods (TONRs) has been regarded as an attractive candidate for electrochemical energy conversion and as storage device due to its large surface area, effiective light scattering, and undisturbed charge transport pathway. However, the high defect/trap densities on surface of the nanostructured morphology and architecture may generally hinder the performance enhancement by providing electron-hole recombination sites. Hence, the surface passivation of nanoarchitectures based photoelectrodes has recently received much attention as an effective strategy to enhance the charge-separation and charge-transfer processes in photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting devices. In particular, a coating layer with narrowing band gap materials can promote enhanced light harvesting in the UV-vis region as well as surface passivation, directly supplying a driving force for charge separation and charge transfer due to band alignment. In this paper, the surface of TONRs were passivated by 10 and 30nm thick Zn(O,S) layers with a relatively narrow band gap using an atomic layer deposition technique to modulate the thickness exactly. The 10nm Zn(O,S)/TONR array exhibits a significantly enhanced photocurrent density (J<SUB>sc</SUB>) of 5.94mA/cm<SUP>2</SUP> at 1.23eV vs NHE and an incident photon-to-electron conversion efficiency (IPCE) of 49% at 374nm compared with that of TONR arrays (J<SUB>sc</SUB> of 1.99mA/cm<SUP>2</SUP> at 1.23eV vs NHE and an IPCE of 20% at 380nm). However, the PEC performance is worse in the 30nm Zn(O,S)/TONR arrays, showing a J<SUB>sc</SUB> of 3.09mA/cm<SUP>2</SUP> at 1.23eV vs NHE and an IPCE of 29% at 374nm. To clearly demonstrate these PEC behaviors, the TONR and Zn(O,S)/TONR arrays were characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), open circuit voltage decay (OCV) measurement, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The above mentioned characterizations indicate that the enhanced PEC performance of the 10nm Zn(O,S)/TONR array resulted from the (i) increased light harvesting in the UV-vis region, (ii) lower charge transfer resistance and (iii) high value of valence band offset (VBO, -1.44eV) and conduction band offset (CBO, -1.2eV) than those of the TONR. However, the deterioration of J<SUB>sc</SUB> in the 30nm Zn(O,S)/TONR array is attributed to the negative value of VBO (-0.13eV) and positive value of CBO (+0.27eV), as well as the higher charge transfer resistance to the electrolyte than that of the TONR arrays, despite of the improved light absorption in the visible region. The photocurrent densities of 10nm Zn(O,S)/TONR and 30nm Zn(O,S)/TONR photocathodes decay to 4.718mA/cm<SUP>2</SUP> (5.90mA/cm<SUP>2</SUP> at 0min) and 2.212mA/cm<SUP>2</SUP> (3.03mA/cm<SUP>2</SUP> at 0min) after 90min, respectively, they retain of about~80% and 70% of its original values. These experimental results and discussions not only provide the physical insights into the surface passivation effect and band alignment but also can open a promising route to design the thin passivation layer having the narrowing band gap energy (1.0eV~2.5eV) on the 1D TiO<SUB>2</SUB> nanostructure for further enhanced performance and realization of a TiO<SUB>2</SUB> based PEC system.

Effect of incorporating fermented soybean meal into a broiler diet with or without fishmeal on growth performance, faecal composition and meat quality parameters in broiler chickens

S. R. Nawarathne,K. T. Premathilaka,M. N. Nambapana,S. P. Macelline,S. S. Wickramasuriya,D. D. Jayasena,J. M. Heo 한국가금학회 2020 한국가금학회 정기총회 및 학술발표회 Vol.2020 No.11

Pyrrolic molecular rotors acting as viscosity sensors with high fluorescence contrast

Lee, S. C.,Heo, J.,Ryu, J. W.,Lee, C. L.,Kim, S.,Tae, J. S.,Rhee, B. O.,Kim, S. W.,Kwon, O. P. Royal Society of Chemistry 2016 Chemical communications Vol.52 No.94

<P>New pyrrolic viscosity sensors exhibit one order of magnitude higher fluorescence contrast compared to that of the conventional phenolic analogues due to the viscosity-sensitive rotation of the asymmetric pyrrole group and successfully demonstrate mapping of intracellular viscosity by fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy.</P>

Synergistic Catalytic Effect of a Composite (CoS/PEDOT:PSS) Counter Electrode on Triiodide Reduction in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

Sudhagar, P.,Nagarajan, S.,Lee, Yong-Gun,Song, Donghoon,Son, Taewook,Cho, Woohyung,Heo, Miyoung,Lee, Kyoungjun,Won, Jongok,Kang, Yong Soo American Chemical Society 2011 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.3 No.6

<P>Inorganic/organic nanocomposite counter electrodes comprised of sheetlike CoS nanoparticles dispersed in polystyrenesulfonate-doped poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (CoS/PEDOT:PSS) offer a synergistic effect on catalytic performance toward the reduction of triiodide for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), yielding 5.4% power conversion efficiency, which is comparable to that of the conventional platinum counter electrode (6.1%). The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry measurements revealed that the composite counter electrodes exhibited better catalytic activity, fostering rate of triiodide reduction, than that of pristine PEDOT: PSS electrode. The simple preparation of composite (CoS/PEDOT:PSS) electrode at low temperature with improved electrocatalytic properties are feasible to apply in flexible substrates, which is at most urgency for developing novel counter electrodes for lightweight flexible solar cells.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/aamick/2011/aamick.2011.3.issue-6/am2003735/production/images/medium/am-2011-003735_0008.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/am2003735'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>