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Heng Chua Kek,Khalid Norzulaani,Othman Retina Yasmin The Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology 2006 Plant molecular biology and biotechnology research Vol.8 No.1
As an alternative method to produce low cost reagents for immunodiagnosis and protect the plants from viral disease, a gene encoding a single chain variable fragment(scFv) recombinant antibody targeted to the coat protein of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) was expressed in Nacotiana tabacum. The source of the scFv recombinant antibody gene was from spleen tissue of an immunized mouse. The gene was initially cloned into the pCANTAB5E phagemid and expressed in E. coli. In the following study, the antibody gene was subcloned into the plant expression vector, pCAMBIA-1301 and introduced into tobacco leaf tissue via Agrobacterium tumefacients mediated transformation. After transformation, 56 out of 58 plants were shown to carry the desired anti-CMV scFv gene by PCR analysis. Overall, only 12.5% of the 56 putative transgenic plants were found to express the antibody to a detectable level.
Prognostic Value of Coronary Artery Calcium in a Multi-Ethnic Asian Cohort
Shu Yun Heng,Jien Sze Ho,Seyed Ehsan Saffari,Zijuan Huang,Foong Koon Cheah,Siang Jin Terrance Chua,Yung Jih Felix Keng,Lohendran Baskaran,Swee Yaw Tan 아시아심장혈관영상의학회 2021 Cardiovascular Imaging Asia Vol.5 No.3
Objective: Coronary artery calcium (CAC) is associated with the presence of coronary atherosclerotic plaque and is a prognostic factor of cardiovascular events. CAC varies among ethnic groups in patients of the same age and gender. Studies on the prognostic value of CAC in a multi-ethnic Asian population have yet to be performed. We aim to study the association of CAC and ethnicity, all-cause mortality, and acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study with a multi-ethnic cohort aged 35–84 years from a single tertiary institution between 2007–2017. The individuals were all clinically referred for cardiac CT calcium scanning. CAC was determined by Toshiba Aquilion One 320 Multi-detector Row CT (Toshiba Medical System). Results: This study had 65% males at an average age of 55 years. In our multivariable analysis of 16561 individuals, CAC is generally higher in the Malay than Chinese ethnic group [odds ratio (OR)=1.30, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.10–1.55] and did not differ among Indians and Chinese (p=0.400). Increasing CAC was associated with higher all-cause mortality (OR=1.27, 95% CI=1.17–1.36) and AMI (OR=1.50, 95% CI=1.35–1.66) after adjusting for known cardiovascular risk factors. Incorporation of CAC into a model with known cardiovascular risk variables enhanced prediction of all-cause mortality [area under the curve (AUC)=0.78] and AMI (AUC=0.85). Conclusion: This study is the largest performed in a multi-ethnic Asian cohort. Malay ethnicity seems to confer a higher likelihood of coronary calcification compared to the Chinese and Indians. CAC was associated with higher all-cause mortality and AMI and complemented traditional cardiovascular risk factors in risk prediction, confirming its applicability in a multi-ethnic Asian population.
Goh, Lucky Poh Wah,Chong, Eric Tzyy Jiann,Chua, Kek Heng,Chuah, Jitt Aun,Lee, Ping-Chin Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.17
CYP2E1 PstI polymorphism G-1259C (rs3813867) genotype distributions vary significantly among different populations and are associated with both diseases, like cancer, and adverse drug effects. To date, there have been limited genotype distributions and allele frequencies of this polymorphism reported in the three major indigenous ethnic groups (KadazanDusun, Bajau, and Rungus) in Sabah, also known as North Borneo. The aim of this study was to investigate the genotype distributions and allele frequencies of the CYP2E1 PstI polymorphism G-1259C in these three major indigenous peoples in Sabah. A total of 640 healthy individuals from the three dominant indigenous groups were recruited for this study. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) at G-1259C polymorphic site of CYP2E1 gene was performed using the Pst I restriction enzyme. Fragments were analyzed using agarose gel electrophoresis and confirmed by direct sequencing. Overall, the allele frequencies were 90.3% for c1 allele and 9.7% for c2 allele. The genotype frequencies for c1/c1, c1/c2 and c2/c2 were observed as 80.9%, 18.8%, and 0.3%, respectively. A highly statistical significant difference (p<0.001) was observed in the genotype distributions between indigenous groups in Sabah with all Asian and non-Asian populations. However, among these three indigenous groups, there was no statistical significant difference (p>0.001) in their genotype distributions. The three major indigenous ethnic groups in Sabah show unique genotype distributions when compared with other populations. This finding indicates the importance of establishing the genotype distributions of CYP2E1 PstI polymorphism in the indigenous populations.
Halim, Noor Hanis Abu,Chong, Eric Tzyy Jiann,Goh, Lucky Poh Wah,Chuah, Jitt Aun,See, Edwin Un Hean,Chua, Kek Heng,Lee, Ping-Chin Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.4
Background: The XRCC1 protein facilitates various DNA repair pathways; single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in this gene are associated with a risk of gastrointestinal cancer (GIC) with inconsistent results, but no data have been previously reported for the Sabah, North Borneo, population. We accordingly investigated the XRCC1 Arg194Trp and Arg399Gln SNPs in terms of GIC risk in Sabah. Materials and Methods: We performed genotyping for both SNPs for 250 GIC patients and 572 healthy volunteers using a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism approach. We validated heterozygosity and homozygosity for both SNPs using direct sequencing. Results: The presence of a variant 194Trp allele in the Arg194Trp SNP was significantly associated with a higher risk of GIC, especially with gastric and colorectal cancers. We additionally found that the variant 399Gln allele in Arg399Gln SNP was associated with a greater risk of developing gastric cancer. Our combined analysis revealed that inheritance of variant alleles in both SNPs increased the GIC risk in Sabah population. Based on our etiological analysis, we found that subjects ${\geq}50years$ and males who carrying the variant 194Trp allele, and Bajau subjects carrying the 399Gln allele had a significantly increased risk of GIC. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that inheritance of variant alleles in XRCC1 Arg194Trp and Arg399Gln SNPs may act as biomarkers for the early detection of GIC, especially for gastric and colorectal cancers in the Sabah population.
Association of CYP2E1, STK15 and XRCC1 Polymorphisms with Risk of Breast Cancer in Malaysian Women
Chong, Eric Tzyy Jiann,Goh, Lucky Poh Wah,See, Edwin Un Hean,Chuah, Jitt Aun,Chua, Kek Heng,Lee, Ping-Chin Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.2
Background: Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer affecting Malaysian women. Recent statistics revealed that the cumulative probability of breast cancer and related deaths in Malaysia is higher than in most of the countries of Southeast Asia. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in CYP2E1 (rs6413432 and rs3813867), STK15 (rs2273535 and rs1047972) and XRCC1 (rs1799782 and rs25487) have been associated with breast cancer risk in a meta-analysis but any link in Southeast Asia, including Malaysia, remained to be determined. Hence, we investigated the relationship between these SNPs and breast cancer risk among Malaysian women in the present case-control study. Materials and Methods: Genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral blood of 71 breast cancer patients and 260 healthy controls and subjected to polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis. Results: Our study showed that the c1/c2 genotype or subjects with at least one c2 allele in CYP2E1 rs3813867 SNP had significantly increased almost 1.8-fold higher breast cancer risk in Malaysian women overall. In addition, the variant Phe allele in STK15 rs2273535 SNP appeared to protect against breast cancer in Malaysian Chinese. No significance association was found between XRCC1 SNPs and breast cancer risk in the population. Conclusions: This study provides additional knowledge on CYP2E1, STK15 and XRCC1 SNP impact of risk of breast cancer, particularly in the Malaysian population. From our findings, we also recommend Malaysian women to perform breast cancer screening before 50 years of age.
Mammary Paget’s Disease of the Nipple: Relatively Common but Still Unknown to Many
Poh Siang Ooi,Nani Draman,Siti Suhaila Mohd Yusoff,Wan Zainira Wan Zain,Dharmendra Ganasagaran,Hui Heng Chua 대한가정의학회 2019 Korean Journal of Family Medicine Vol.40 No.4
Mammary Paget’s disease is clinically defined as skin inflammation of the nipple area and is an adenocarcinoma of the epidermis of the nipple. The pathogenesis of mammary Paget’s disease is relatively unknown; nonetheless, there are two popular theories that support the underlying carcinoma and de novo carcinogenesis. For the attend-ing medical practitioner, mammary Paget’s disease poses a diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma, especially in the absence of a clinically palpable breast mass. We report a rare case of a 48-year-old Malay woman who presented at Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia with the symptom of skin erosion on the left nipple and un-responsiveness to multiple topical treatments. A full evaluation and assessment of the patient were conducted, and mammary Paget’s disease was diagnosed.