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How should we treat acute kidney injury caused by renal congestion?
( Masanori Abe ),( Seiichiro Hemmi ),( Hiroki Kobayashi ) 대한신장학회 2023 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.42 No.4
Decreased kidney function is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events and mortality, and heart failure (HF) is a well-known risk factor for renal dysfunction. Acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with HF often is attributed to prerenal factors, such as renal hypoperfusion and ischemia as a result of decreased cardiac output. Another such factor is reduction of absolute or relative circulating blood volume, with the decrease in renal blood flow leading to renal hypoxia followed by a decrease in the glomerular filtration rate. However, renal congestion is increasingly being recognized as a potential cause of AKI in patients with HF. Increased central venous pressure and renal venous pressure lead to increased renal interstitial hydrostatic pressure and a reduction of the glomerular filtration rate. Both decreased kidney function and renal congestion have been shown to be important prognostic factors of HF, and adequate control of congestion is important for improving kidney function. Loop and thiazide diuretics are recommended as standard therapies to reduce volume overload. However, these agents are associated with worsening renal function even though they are effective for improving congestive symptoms. There is growing interest in tolvaptan, which can improve renal congestion by increasing excretion of free water and decreasing the required dose of loop diuretic, thereby improving kidney function. This review summarizes renal hemodynamics, the pathogenesis of AKI due to renal ischemia and renal congestion, and diagnosis and treatment options for renal congestion.
Suwa, Tomone,Nabara, Yoshihiro,Ozeki, Hidemasa,Hemmi, Tsutomu,Isono, Takaaki,Takahashi, Yoshikazu,Kawano, Katsumi,Oshikiri, Masayuki,Tsutsumi, Fumiaki,Shibutani, Kazuyuki,Nunoya, Yoshihiko,Okuno, Kiyo Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 2015 IEEE transactions on applied superconductivity Vol.25 No.3
<P>Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) is procuring 100% of the ITER Central Solenoid (CS) conductors. The CS conductor is required to maintain the performance under 60000 pulsed electromagnetic cycles. JAEA tested two internal-tin Nb<SUB>3</SUB>Sn conductors for the CS at the SULTAN test facility. As a result of destructive examination, the twist pitches of both of the cables satisfied requirements of the ITER Organization (IO). The current sharing temperatures T<SUB>cs</SUB> of each sample were 6.6 and 6.8 K before cyclic operation, and the T<SUB>cs</SUB> values were 6.8 and 6.9 K after 9700 electromagnetic cycles, including three warm-up/cooldowns, respectively. The T<SUB>cs</SUB> performance of both samples satisfied the IO requirement. The ac losses of CSKO1-C and CSKO1-D were approximately half of typical bronze-route CS conductors at 2 and 9 T. The ac loss at 45.1 kA after the cycling was 1.5 times higher than that without the transport current. An almost constant strain of the jacket was observed after the test as a result of the residual strain measurement. Therefore, the deformation of the cable might have been homogeneous along the conductor axis. Because of the higher T<SUB>cs</SUB> of CSKO1-D than CSKO1-C, JAEA started the manufacturing of the CS conductor with the same specification as CSKO1-D.</P>
Michiaki TOYODA,Kazuhisa OBA,Tetsuya YANAGIMOTO,Takatomo MORI,Kazuo HEMMI 제어로봇시스템학회 2009 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2009 No.8
In this paper, we propose a method to update numeral template images according to the width of characters for holistic matching. The purpose of our study is to develop a method that discriminates between correct patterns and incorrect patterns by matching input images against template images. We applied this method to handwritten class marks of book labels to assist librarians in Japanese libraries to find misshelved books. In experiments, initial numeral template images are gathered randomly from isolated characters. We confirmed that the proposed method is useful to increase the variation of the width of template images.
Targeting CD46 Enhances Anti-Tumoral Activity of Adenovirus Type 5 for Bladder Cancer
Do, Manh-Hung,To, Phuong Kim,Cho, Young-Suk,Kwon, Se-Young,Hwang, Eu Chang,Choi, Chan,Cho, Sang-Hee,Lee, Sang-Jin,Hemmi, Silvio,Jung, Chaeyong MDPI 2018 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES Vol.19 No.9
<P>CD46 is generally overexpressed in many human cancers, representing a prime target for CD46-binding adenoviruses (Ads). This could help to overcome low anti-tumoral activity by coxsackie-adenoviral receptor (CAR)-targeting cancer gene therapy viruses. However, because of scarce side-by-side information about CAR and CD46 expression levels in cancer cells, mixed observations of cancer therapeutic efficacy have been observed. This study evaluated Ad-mediated therapeutic efficacy using either CAR-targeting Ad5 or CD46-targeting Ad5/35 fiber chimera in bladder cancer cell lines. Compared with normal urothelia, bladder cancer tissue generally overexpressed both CAR and CD46. While CAR expression was not correlated with disease progression, CD46 expression was inversely correlated with tumor grade, stage, and risk grade. In bladder cancer cell lines, expression levels of CD46 and CAR were highly correlated with Ad5/35- and Ad5-mediated gene transduction and cytotoxicity, respectively. In a human EJ bladder cancer xenograft mouse model, with either overexpressed or suppressed CD46 expression levels, Ad5/35-tk followed by ganciclovir (GCV) treatment significantly affected tumor growth, whereas Ad5-tk/GCV had only minimal effects. Overall, our findings suggest that bladder cancer cells overexpress both CAR and CD46, and that adenoviral cancer gene therapy targeting CD46 represents a more suitable therapy option than a CAR-targeting therapy, especially in patients with low risk bladder cancers. </P>