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Virtuousness in Sports Organizations: Examination of Ethical Organizational Culture and Its Virtues
Elina Riivari,Suvi Heikkinen 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2024 Journal of Global Sport Management Vol.9 No.1
The purpose of this paper is to examine the ethical organizational culture of top sports organizations in Finland. We were especially interested in how employees of sports organizations evaluate perceptions of ethical organizational culture and perceive specific ethical organizational virtues. We applied a mixed methods approach. We gathered the empirical material through questionnaires and interviews with representatives from Finland’s top sports organizations. The findings show that the questionnaire participants evaluated the perceptions of ethical organizational culture of the Finnish top sports organizations as being quite ethical. The findings also show that the ethical organizational virtues of transparency, discussability, congruency of management, and supportability have a special role in maintaining and developing but also challenging organizational ethics in sports organizations. This study contributes to the discussion on ethical organizational virtues and deepens the understanding of the virtuousness of organizations in the field of sports management research.
Towards a Server-Centric Interaction Architecture for Wireless Applications
( Jussi Saarinen ),( Tommi Mikkonen ),( Sasu Tarkoma ),( Jani Heikkinen ),( Risto Pitkanen ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2008 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.2 No.2
Traditional web-based services that require users to browse via documents and fill out forms, are difficult to use with mobile devices. Moreover, as the web paradigm assumes active clients, further complications are introduced in cases where the server is the active entity, instead of the client. This paper presents a Server-Centric Interaction Architecture (SCIA) for wireless applications. The architecture enables servers to initiate communication with clients as well as push secure targeted data to them, in a piecemeal fashion. It further enables the development of highly collaborative wireless services with interactive user interfaces.
Milne, Roger L.,Bení,tez, Javier,Nevanlinna, Heli,Heikkinen, Tuomas,Aittomä,ki, Kristiina,Blomqvist, Carl,Arias, José,Ignacio,Zamora, M. Pilar,Burwinkel, Barbara,Bartram, Claus R.,Mein Oxford University Press 2009 Journal of the National Cancer Institute Vol.101 No.14
<P>BACKGROUND: A recent genome-wide association study identified single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) 2q35-rs13387042 as a marker of susceptibility to estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer. We attempted to confirm this association using the Breast Cancer Association Consortium. METHODS: 2q35-rs13387042 SNP was genotyped for 31 510 women with invasive breast cancer, 1101 women with ductal carcinoma in situ, and 35 969 female control subjects from 25 studies. Odds ratios (ORs) were estimated by logistic regression, adjusted for study. Heterogeneity in odds ratios by each of age, ethnicity, and study was assessed by fitting interaction terms. Heterogeneity by each of invasiveness, family history, bilaterality, and hormone receptor status was assessed by subclassifying case patients and applying polytomous logistic regression. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS: We found strong evidence of association between rs13387042 and breast cancer in white women of European origin (per-allele OR = 1.12, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.09 to 1.15; P(trend) = 1.0 x 10(-19)). The odds ratio was lower than that previously reported (P = .02) and did not vary by age or ethnicity (all P > or = .2). However, it was higher when the analysis was restricted to case patients who were selected for a strong family history (P = .02). An association was observed for both ER-positive (OR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.10 to 1.17; P = 10(-15)) and ER-negative disease (OR = 1.10, 95% CI = 1.04 to 1.15; P = .0003) and both progesterone receptor (PR)-positive (OR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.11 to 1.19; P = 5 x 10(-14)) and PR-negative disease (OR = 1.10, 95% CI = 1.06 to 1.15; P = .00002). CONCLUSION: The rs13387042 is associated with both ER-positive and ER-negative breast cancer in European women.</P>
Uzhegov, Nikita,Smirnov, Alexander,Park, Cheol Hoon,Ahn, Ji Hun,Heikkinen, Janne,Pyrhonen, Juha Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 2017 IEEE transactions on industrial electronics Vol.64 No.11
<P>Two-stage oil-free centrifugal air compressors can bring significant advantages and open new market opportunities for compressor manufacturers. One of the core technologies behind this compressor type is the high-speed electrical machine supported by active magnetic bearings. In this paper, the requirements set by the compressor on the electrical machine design are presented. The design solutions aimed to satisfy these requirements are discussed. Two case studies illustrate possible design approaches for the target application with examples of a 120-kW, 60 000-r/min induction machine with a solid rotor and a 225-kW, 50 000-r/min permanent-magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) with a full cylindrical magnet. The system design and simulation results are confirmed by measurements of a PMSM prototype.</P>
Missense Variants in ATM in 26,101 Breast Cancer Cases and 29,842 Controls.
Fletcher, Olivia,Johnson, Nichola,Dos Santos Silva, Isabel,Orr, Nick,Ashworth, Alan,Nevanlinna, Heli,Heikkinen, Tuomas,Aittomä,ki, Kristiina,Blomqvist, Carl,Burwinkel, Barbara,Bartram, Claus R,Mei American Association for Cancer Research 2010 Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention Vol.19 No.9
<P>BACKGROUND: Truncating mutations in ATM have been shown to increase the risk of breast cancer but the effect of missense variants remains contentious. METHODS: We have genotyped five polymorphic (minor allele frequency, 0.9-2.6%) missense single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in ATM (S49C, S707P, F858L, P1054R, and L1420F) in 26,101 breast cancer cases and 29,842 controls from 23 studies in the Breast Cancer Association Consortium. RESULTS: Combining the data from all five SNPs, the odds ratio (OR) was 1.05 for being a heterozygote for any of the SNPs and 1.51 for being a rare homozygote for any of the SNPs with an overall trend OR of 1.06 (P(trend) = 0.04). The trend OR among bilateral and familial cases was 1.12 (95% confidence interval, 1.02-1.23; P(trend) = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: In this large combined analysis, these five missense ATM SNPs were associated with a small increased risk of breast cancer, explaining an estimated 0.03% of the excess familial risk of breast cancer. Impact: Testing the combined effects of rare missense variants in known breast cancer genes in large collaborative studies should clarify their overall contribution to breast cancer susceptibility. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 19(9); 2143-51. ©2010 AACR.</P>