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Acute Gastrointestinal Bleeding in COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Umair Iqbal,Hafsa Anwar,Hafiz Umair Siddiqui,Muhammad Ali Khan,Faisal Kamal,Bradley D. Confer,Harshit S. Khara 대한소화기내시경학회 2021 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.54 No.4
Background/Aims: More than 100 million people to date have been affected by the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19)pandemic. Patients with COVID-19 have a higher risk of bleeding complications. We performed a systematic review and metaanalysisto evaluate the outcomes of COVID-19 patients with signs and symptoms of acute gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB). Methods: A systematic literature search was carried out for articles published until until November 11, 2020, in the Embase,MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases. We included studies on COVID-19 patients with signs and symptomsof GIB. Results: Our search yielded 49 studies, of which eight with a collective 127 patients (86 males and 41 females) met our inclusioncriteria. Conservative management alone was performed in 59% of the patients, endoscopic evaluation in 31.5%, and interventionalradiology (IR) embolization in 11%. Peptic ulcer disease was the most common endoscopic finding, diagnosed in 47.5% of thepatients. Pooled overall mortality was 19.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]; 12.7%-27.6%) and pooled mortality secondary to GIBwas 3.5% (95% CI; 1.3%–9.1%). The pooled risk of rebleeding was 11.3% (95% CI; 6.8%–18.4%). Conclusions: The majority of COVID-19 patients with GIB responded to conservative management, with a low mortalityrate associated with GIB and the risk of rebleeding. Thus, we suggest limiting endoscopic and IR interventions to those withhemodynamic instability and those for whom conservative management was unsuccessful.