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Improved Wideband Precoding with Arbitrary Subcarrier Grouping in MIMO-OFDM Systems
Hang Long,Kyeong Jin Kim,Wei Xiang,Shanshan Shen,Kan Zheng,Wenbo Wang 한국전자통신연구원 2012 ETRI Journal Vol.34 No.1
Precoding in the multiple-input multiple-output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing system is investigated. In conventional wideband precoding (WBP), only one precoder, obtained from the decomposition of the subcarrier independent channel matrix, is used for all subcarriers. With an investigation of the relationship between the subcarrier independent channel matrix and the temporal/frequency channels, an improved WBP scheme is proposed for practical scenarios in which a part of subcarriers are allocated to a user. The improved WBP scheme is a generalized scheme of which narrow-band precoding and conventional WBP schemes are special modes. Simulation results demonstrate that the improved WBP scheme almost achieves the optimum performance of a single precoder and outperforms the conventional WBP scheme in terms of the bit error ratio and ergodic capacity with slight complexity increase. The largest advantage of the improved WBP scheme on signal-to-noise ratio in simulation results is over 2.1 dB.
Precoder Distribution and Adaptive Codebook in Wideband Precoding
Hang Long,김경진,Wei Xiang,Jing Wang,Yuanan Liu,Wenbo Wang 한국전자통신연구원 2012 ETRI Journal Vol.34 No.5
Based on wideband precoding (WBP) in the multiple-input multiple-output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing system, an adaptive nonuniform codebook is presented in this paper. The relationship between the precoder distribution and spatial correlation is analyzed at first. A closed-form expression based on overlapped isosceles triangles is proposed as an approximation of the precoder distribution. Then, the adaptive codebook design is derived with the approximate distribution to minimize quantization errors. The capacity and bit error rate performance demonstrate that the adaptive codebook with WBP outperforms the conventional fixed uniform codebook.
Gen Long,Xiang-Long Wu,Heng-Yang Liu,Hang-Chuan Lou,Bo-Han Shen,Chen Yan,Wu-Bin Kong 전력전자학회 2024 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.24 No.8
To transmit high power very-low-frequency signals with low harmonic content, the high-frequency cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter (HF-MLI) usually has large number of levels and uses the selective harmonic elimination (SHE) technique for modulation. However, when the number of levels exceeds 25, the conventional SHE switching angle computation methods have a problem since the computed switching angles tend to be located at 0 and π/2, which makes the harmonic suppression effect worse. To realize a good harmonic suppression effect for HF-MLIs with a large number of levels, an interior point method based switching angle computation method is proposed in this paper. With the aid of the interior point method (IPM), the constraints of switching angles are combined with the harmonic function in the objective function through a penalty function. The iteration is divided into the inner loop and the outer loop. The switching angles are computed in the inner loopand the weight of the penalty function is updated in the outer loop. The penalty function can keep the switching angles away from constraints. When compared with conventional methods, the proposed method has a higher accuracy, a shorter execution time and better harmonic suppression effect when computing the switching angles of MLIs with more than 25 levels. The harmonics from 9 to 19th-order of the proposed method are suppressed to less than 0.1%, which is experimentally verified on a single-phase 49-level HF-MLI.
Long, Rui-ting,Peng, Jun-bo,Huang, Li-li,Jiang, Gui-ping,Liao, Yue-juan,Sun, Hang,Hu, Yu-dong,Liao, Xiao-hui Korean Society for Molecular and Cellular Biology 2019 Molecules and cells Vol.42 No.12
Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that constantly undergo fission and fusion processes that closely related to their function. Disruption of mitochondrial dynamics has been demonstrated in acute kidney injury (AKI), which could eventually result in cell injury and death. Previously, we reported that augmenter of liver regeneration (ALR) alleviates renal tubular epithelial cell injury. Here, we gained further insights into whether the renoprotective roles of ALR are associated with mitochondrial dynamics. Changes in mitochondrial dynamics were examined in experimental models of renal ischemia-reperfusion (IR). In a model of hypoxia-reoxygenation (HR) injury in vitro, dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) and mitochondrial fission process protein 1 (MTFP1), two key proteins of mitochondrial fission, were downregulated in the Lv-ALR + HR group. ALR overexpression additionally had an impact on phosphorylation of Drp1 Ser637 during AKI. The inner membrane fusion protein, Optic Atrophy 1 (OPA1), was significantly increased whereas levels of outer membrane fusion proteins Mitofusin-1 and -2 (Mfn1, Mfn2) were not affected in the Lv-ALR + HR group, compared with the control group. Furthermore, the mTOR/4E-BP1 signaling pathway was highly activated in the Lv-ALR + HR group. ALR overexpression led to suppression of HR-induced apoptosis. Our collective findings indicate that ALR gene transfection alleviates mitochondrial injury, possibly through inhibiting fission and promoting fusion of the mitochondrial inner membrane, both of which contribute to reduction of HK-2 cell apoptosis. Additionally, fission processes are potentially mediated by promoting tubular cell survival through activating the mTOR/4E-BP1 signaling pathway.
Mobility-Sensitive Multicast Protocol in NEMO
Long-Sheng Li,Hung-I Chi,Kai-Chung Xie,Din-Yuan Chan 한국인터넷정보학회 2022 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.16 No.6
In view of the past, the mobility of the multicast source in the mobility networks is seldom discussed in the traditional multicast protocols. It is a heavy cost for the traditional multicast protocols to reconstruct the multicast tree in the Network Mobility (NEMO) environment. This article proposes an alternative multicast protocol, referred to as Mobility-Sensitive Multicast protocol (MSM), for the NEMO environment. The MSM can be considered as an alternative version of the Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) protocol to maintain the multicast tree in the NEMO. There are two obvious contributions for the MSM. Reconstruct mechanism could rebuild the multicast tree for the mobility of the multicast source. Multi-group suppression mechanism reduce the multicast tree maintaining cost for the mobility of the multicast members. Through the performance evaluations and analyses, the MSM has less cost to maintain the multicast tree than the traditional multicast protocols, especially for a large numbers of multicast groups. Moreover, the MSM allows the mobility of the multicast source to reconstruct the multicast tree easily.
Facial landmarks detection for evaluating facial paralysis using a modern active shape model
Hung Phuoc Truong,Quan Manh Le,Thinh Long Nguyen,Yong-Guk Kim 한국HCI학회 2018 한국HCI학회 학술대회 Vol.2018 No.1
Facial nerve palsy makes patients lose voluntary muscles movement typically at one side of the human face and then it makes them difficult to interact with people using natural facial expressions. Detection of such symptom and evaluation of how serious it is should be a big challenge for standard face models. We propose a new method by which facial landmarks of the palsy face can be detected and measure the degree of the symptom using Discriminative Bayesian Active Shape Model (DB-ASM). Each patient was asked to make a few facial actions, such as eye closing, E-action and O-action with his mouth. We use facial landmarks detection method in measuring displacement ratios reflecting the structure of regions of eyebrows, eyes and mouth, respectively. There are three steps for this: annotating face model, fitting facial landmarks and measuring symmetry indices on the face. The present dataset contains many videos collected from 14 patients and 6 healthy persons. Experimental result suggests that the model with DB-ASM is useful as a facial landmarks predictor for facial paralysis patients.
Hung-Hsueh Chou,Sian Fereday,Anna DeFazio,Chih-Long Chang,David Bowtell,Heng-Cheng Hsu,Nadia Traficante,Soo Young Jeong,Wen-Fang Cheng,Dinuka Ariyarantne,Australian Ovarian Cancer Study Group,Teresa T 대한부인종양학회 2023 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.34 No.1
Objective: The real-world INFORM study analyzed sociodemographics, treatment patterns and clinical outcomes for patients with newly diagnosed advanced epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) in Australia, South Korea (S.Korea) and Taiwan preceding incorporation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors into clinical practice. Methods: Retrospective data from patients diagnosed with EOC (high-grade serous EOC for Taiwan) between January 2014 and December 2018 with ≥12 months follow-up from diagnosis were analyzed descriptively. Survival was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier with two-sided 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: Of the 987 patients (Australia, 223; S.Korea, 513; Taiwan, 251), 98% received platinum-based chemotherapy (CT). In S.Korea and Taiwan 76.0% and 78.9% respectively underwent primary cytoreductive surgery; in Australia, 56.5% had interval debulking surgery. Bevacizumab was included in primary/maintenance therapy for 22.4%, 14.6% and 6.8% of patients in Australia, S.Korea and Taiwan, respectively. Patients receiving bevacizumab were high-risk (reimbursement policy) and achieved similar real-world progression-free survival (PFS) compared with CT only. Overall, the median real-world PFS (months; 95% CI) was similar across Australia (16.0 [14.63–18.08]), S.Korea (17.7 [16.18–19.27]) and Taiwan (19.1 [17.56–22.29]). Conclusion: This study reveals poor prognosis despite differences in demographics and treatment patterns for patients with EOC across Asia-Pacific suggesting the need for biomarker-driven novel therapies to improve outcomes.
( Hang Hu ),( Kaixiang Chen ),( Lulu Li ),( Liangkun Long ),( Shaojun Ding ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2017 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.27 No.4
A neutral xylanase (CcXyn) was identified from Coprinus cinereus. It has a single GH10 catalytic domain with a basic amino acid-rich extension (PVRRK) at the C-terminus. In this study, the wild-type (CcXyn) and C-terminus-truncated xylanase (CcXyn-Δ5C) were heterologously expressed in Pichia pastoris and their characteristics were comparatively analyzed with aims to examine the effect of this extension on the enzyme function. The circular dichorism analysis indicated that both enzymes in general had a similar structure, but CcXyn-Δ5C contained less α-helices (42.9%) and more random coil contents (35.5%) than CcXyn (47.0% and 32.8%, respectively). Both enzymes had the same pH (7.0) and temperature (45°C) optima, and similar substrate specificity on different xylans. They all hydrolyzed beechwood xylan primarily to xylobiose and xylotriose. The amounts of xylobiose and xylotriose accounted for 91.5% and 92.2% (w/w) of total xylooligosaccharides (XOS) generated from beechwood by CcXyn and CcXyn-Δ5C, respectively. However, truncation of the C-terminal 5-amino-acids extension significantly improved the thermostability, SDS resistance, and pH stability at pH 6.0-9.0. Furthermore, CcXyn-Δ5C exhibited a much lower K<sub>m</sub> value than CcXyn (0.27 mg/ml vs 0.83 mg/ml), and therefore, the catalytic efficiency of CcXyn-Δ5C was 2.4-times higher than that of CcXyn. These properties make CcXyn-Δ5C a good model for the structure-function study of (α/β)<sub>8</sub>-barrel-folded enzymes and a promising candidate for various applications, especially in the detergent industry and XOS production.