이중혈류유발 심폐소생술이 심정지를 유발한 개의 단기 생존율에 미치는 영향

황성오,조준휘,강구현,김성환,문중범,이강현,이승환,윤정한,최경훈,홍은석 대한응급의학회 2000 대한응급의학회지 Vol.11 No.3

Background and Objectives: We previously reported that, compared with standard cardiopulmonary resuscitation(S-CPR), better hemodynamic effects could be achieved by simultaneous sterno-thoracic cardiopulmonary resuscitation(SST-CPR) in which we compressed the sternum and constricted the thorax circumferentially during the systolic period by using a device. This study was designed to assess whether SST-CPR, compared with S-CPR, improve the survival rate of dogs with cardiac arrest. Subjects and methods: Twenty-five mongrel dogs(19∼31㎏) were enrolled in this study. After four minutes of ventricular fibrillation induced by an AC current, animals were randomized to resuscitate with either S-CPR(n=13) or SST-CPR(n=12). Epinephrine(1 ㎎) was injected into the right atrium every three minutes after the beginning of CPR. Defibrillation was attempted after 6 minutes of CPR. Standard advanced cardiac life support was started if defibrillation was not successful. Results: SST-CPR resulted in significantly(p<0.001) higher systolic arterial pressure(91±47 vs 47±24 ㎜ Hg), diastolic pressure(43±24 vs 17±10 ㎜ Hg), coronary perfusion pressure(35±25 vs 13±9㎜ Hg), and end tidal CO2 tension(9±4 vs 3±2 ㎜ Hg). Two of 13 animals(15 %) resuscitated with S-CPR and six of 12 animals(50%) resuscitated with SST-CPR survived until 12 hours after cardiac arrest(p<0.05). Donclusion: SST-CPR, compared with S-CPR, improves the short-term survival rate in canine cardiac arrest.

초등 교과교육학의 성격과 내용구조 연구

유한구(Han Ku Ryu),장성모(Sung Mo Chang),송광용(Kwang Yong Song),조주연(Joo Yun Cho),이학주(Hak Ju Lee) 한국초등교육학회 1997 초등교육연구 Vol.11 No.1

이 연구는 교과교육과 교과교육학의관계, 그리고 교과교육학과 교육학의 관계등을 분석하고, 그 결과를 토대로 하여 초등학교 교과교육과 교육대학 교과교육학 교육의 실제를 정확히 이해하고 그 발전 방향을 탐색하기 위한 것이다. 일반적으로, 교과교육학은 교육학에서 제시하고 있는 교육과정의 구성및 교육방법상의 일반 원리를 교과교육이라는 특수한 사태에 적용하는 과정에 관심을 두는 이론으로 간주되고 있다. 이 관점에 의하면, 교과교육학은 교육학의 일반적 원리에 따라 교과교육이라는 특수한 맥락에 처방을 내리기 위한 것으로 파악된다. 이 관점을 교과와 그것을 가르치는 교사의 삶을 사실상 별개의 것으로 분리하는 것이며, 그와 동일한 이유에서 교과교육학과 교과교육학자의 삶 또한 별개의 것임을 전제하는 것이다. 그러나 교과교육과 교과교육학, 그리고 교과교육학과 교육학의 관계는 이론에서 실제로 나아가는 앞의 방향과는 정반대 방향에서도 이해될 수 있다. 이 관점에 의하면, 교과교육학은 교과교육 실제에 처방을 내리기 위한 것이 아니라 그 실제를 기술하고 정당화하기 위한 것으로 파악된다. 교과교육과 교과교육학의 관련이 이렇게 파악될 때, 교과 교육학은 교사나 교과교육학자에게 자신이 지금 하는 일이 자신의 삶과 결코 무관한 것이 아니라는 믿음을 심어 주게 되며, 나아가 그들 자신이 참여하고 있는 초등학교나 교육대학의 교육실제를 기술하거나 정당화하려고 할 때 반드시 필요한 개념적 도구를 제공해 줄 수 있게 된다. 바로 여기에 교과교육학에 관한 종래의 접근과는 구분되는 새로운 접근방식이 요구되는 이유가 있다. The purpose of this study is threefold: The first is to analyse the relations between subject education and subject pedagogy, and between subject pedagogy and general pedagogy. The second is, based on the analysis result, to have the precise understanding of teaching various subjects in the elementary school, and of teaching subject pedagogy in the university of education. The third is to search for the desirable direction of developing the elementary education and the teacher education. Subject pedagogy is usually defined as a theory which is interested in the process of applying pedagogical principles regarding curriculum organization and teaching methods to specific teaching situations, that is, subject education situations. However, this definition has a limitation, because it assumes that a subject and the teacher's life who teaches the subject are separated from each other, and that subject pedagogy and the scholar who studies subject pedagogy are also separated. The relationship between subject teaching and subject pedagogy, and between subject pedagogy and general pedagogy can be understood with quite different viewpoint. This new viewpoint, which is the major discussion matter of this study, assumes that subject pedagogy is never separated from the life of subject teacher/subject pedagogist. This viewpoint will reveal the theoretical features of subject pedagogy better, and give us new meaning on the life of teachers/subject pedagogists. The subject pedagogy in the correct sense should provide teachers/pedagogists with the conceptual instrument based on the new viewpoint. This conceptual instrument will make teachers/pedagogists be able to describe, explain, and validate their own educational practice-such as the content structure of each subject-in the elementary school or the university of education.

저열량 제철 부생가스의 순산소 연소 버너 개발

조한창(Han Chang Cho),홍정구(Jeong Ku Hong),오혁진(Hyuk Jin Oh),조길원(Kil Won Cho) 한국연소학회 2010 KOSCOSYMPOSIUM논문집 Vol.- No.40

A study was carried out in a bench-scale test furnace to develop the oxyfuel burner with low calorific by-product gas below 700㎉/N㎥. To do this, a bench scale test furnace is improved and the test burners of 300M㎈/h are designed. Oxygen in the burner is discharged through a nozzle in the center of the burner and gas is supplied with its concentric tube. The nozzle rim of oxygen plays a important role to stabilize and hold the flame. From the tests, it is confirmed that using oxygen burner, low calorific by-product gases below 700㎉/N㎥ can be used with stable flame and NOx is emitted below 30ppm at 11% oxygen concentration in exhaust gases.

건강검진 수진 여성에서 초음파검사를 이용한 갑상선결절의 유병률

임창훈,오한진,정호연,한기옥,장학철,윤현구,한인권,한병희,이경상,조병제 대한내분비학회 2002 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.17 No.2

Background: Thyroid nodules are commonly found in clinical practice, and the recent development of thyroid ultrasonography has allowed for the detection of small nodules previously undetectable by routine palpations. Since previous studies on thyroid ultrasonography have been focused on patients with known thyroid disorders, we aimed to determine the prevalence of thyroid nodules in a female population. Methods: We studied women in the age range 30 to 70 years visiting the health promotion center at Samsung Cheil Hospital for routine health check-ups. After excluding patients with previous thyroid disorders, 1300 women where selected to undergo thyroid ultrasonography for the detection of the presence of thyroid nodules. If nodules were found, their size and numbers were recorded, and these data correlated with the patients age. Results: Of the 1300 subjects, thyroid nodules were detected in 490 (37.7%) with their prevalence (p=0.009), and that of multinodularity of thyroid nodules (p=0.001), increasing with the increasing age of the patients (Age 30 to 39: 30.8%, 40 to 49: 37.0%, 50 to 59: 41.5% and 60 to 69: 65.2%). Among these study subjects, nodules larger than 15 mm in size were detected in 29 and after performing fine needle aspirations on 18 nodules, 17 were found to be benign, with 1 papillary carcinoma, which required a total thyroidectomy. Conclusion: The prevalence of thyroid nodules in our female study population was 37.7%, with their prevalence, and that of multinodularity of thyroid nodules, increasing with increased age

Investigation of Boiling Heat Transfer Characteristics of Two-Phase Closed Thermosyphons with Various Internal Grooves

Han, Ku-Il,Cho, Dong-Hyun,Park, Jong-Un The Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers 2003 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.17 No.11

The boiling heat transfer characteristics of two-phase closed thermosyphons with internal grooves are studied experimentally and a simple mathematical model is developed to predict the performance of such thermosyphons. The study focuses on the boiling heat transfer characteristics of a two-phase closed thermosyphons with copper tubes having 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 internal grooves. A two-phase closed thermosyphon with plain copper tube having the same inner and outer diameter as those of grooved tube is also tested for comparison. Methanol is used as working fluid. The effects of the number of grooves, the operating temperature, the heat flux are investigated experimentally. From these experimental results, a simple mathematical model is developed. In the present model, boiling of liquid pool in the evaporator is considered for the heat transfer mechanism of the thermosyphon. And also the effects of the number of grooves, the operating temperature, the heat flux are brought into consideration. A good agreement between the boiling heat transfer coefficient of the thermosyphon estimated from experimental results and the predictions from the present mathematical model is obtained. The experimental results show that the number of grooves and the amount of the working fluid are very important factors for the operation of thermosyphons. The two-phase closed thermosyphon with copper tubes having 60 internal grooves shows the best boiling heat transfer performance.

항암항생제 6-Deoxybisanhydrodaunomycinone의 합성

趙仁鎬,魯永釗,朴時浩,안구현,申洪植,韓秉九 全北大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1994 基礎科學 Vol.16 No.-

항암항생제 Danuorubicin(1b)의 aglycone인 daunomycinone의 전이물질 6-deoxybisanhydrodaunomycinone(20)의 전 합성이 이루어졌다. 만들어진 enone 화합물 4를 phthalide sulfone7과 반응시킨 뒤 oxidation과 methylation을 시켜서 anthraquinone 화합물 10을 얻었다. 화합물 10의 benzy기를 bromination 시켜서 얻은 monobromo 화합물 11을 bis(tetrabutylammoumum) dichromate로 고리화반응을 시켜서 hydrox-yanthraquinone 화합물 16을 얻은 뒤 OH기를 thiophenol로 치환시켰다. sulfide 화합물 17은 phoshate buffer 용액속에서 m-CPBA로써 산화시켜서 anthraquinonyl sulfone 화합물 18을 얻은뒤 methy vinyl ketone(19)과 결합시켜서 화합물 20을 얻었다. A brief route for total synthesis of 6-deoxybisanhydrodaunomycinone(20) was described, namely the precursor of the daunomycinone, the aglycone of the anticancer antibiotic daunorubicin (1b). The prepared enone 4 was condensed with phthalide sulfone 7 to afford anthraquinone 10 after oxidation and methylation. The benzylic group of 10 was brominated, and subsequent oxidation with bis(tetrabutylammonium) dichromate followed by cyclization give hydroxyanthraquinone 16, which was displaced with thiophenol. Oxidation of 17 with m-CPBA in phosphate buffer solution afforded anthraquinonyl sulfone 18 which was condensed with metyl mvynyl ketone (19) to furnish 20.

The Prognostic Factors That Influence Long-Term Survival in Acute Large Cerebral Infarction

Cho, Sung-Yun,Oh, Chang-Wan,Bae, Hee-Joon,Han, Moon-Ku,Park, Hyun,Bang, Jae-Seung The Korean Neurosurgical Society 2011 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.49 No.2

Objective : We retrospectively evaluated the prognostic factors that can influence long-term survival in patients who suffered acute large cerebral infarction. Methods : Between June 2003 and October 2008, a total of 178 patients were diagnosed with a large cerebral infarction, and, among them, 122 patients were alive one month after the onset of stroke. We investigated the multiple factors that might have influenced the life expectancies of these 122 patients. Results : The mean age of the patients was $70{\pm}13.4$ years and the mean survival was $41.7{\pm}2.8$ months. The mean survival of the poor functional outcome group ($mRS{\geq}4$) was $33.9{\pm}3.3$ months, whereas that of the good functional outcome group ($mRS{\leq}3$) was $58.6{\pm}2.6$ months (p value=0.000). The mean survival of the older patients (270 years) was $29.7{\pm}3.4$ months, whereas that of the younger patients (<70 years) was much better as $58.9{\pm}3.2$ months (p value=0.000). Involvement of ACA or PCA territory in MCA infarction is also a poor prognostic factor (p value=0.021). But, other factors that are also known as significant predictors of poor survival (male gender, hypertension, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, diabetes mellitus, a previous history of stroke, smoking, and dyslipidemia) did not significantly influence the mean survival time in the current study. Conclusion : Age (older versus younger than 70 years old) and functional outcome at one month could be critical prognostic factors for survival after acute large cerebral infarction. Involvement of ACA or PCA territory is also an important poor prognostic factor in patients with MCA territorial infarction.

Alanine, glycine, proline의 급여가 broiler의 성장 및 도체성적에 미치는 영향

조병욱,신택순,김선구,강한석,이길왕,전해열 密陽産業大學校 農業技術開發硏究所 1999 農業技術開發硏究所報 Vol.3 No.2

비필수 아미노산 alamine, glycine, proline 등을 첨가한 사료의 급여가 broiler의 성장률 및 도체성적에 미치는 영향을 구명함으로서 아미노산 급여기술의 실용화에 기초 자료를 제시코져 아미노산의 급여수준에 따라 대조구는 아미노산 0%, A구는 alanine 0.5%를, B구는 glycine 0.5%를, C구는 proline 0.5% 를, AB구는 alanine 0.25% 와 glycine 0.25%를, AC구는 alanine 0.25% 와 proline 0.25%를, BC구는 glycine 0.25%와 proline 0.25%를, ABC구는 alanine 0.17%, glycine 0.17%, proline 0.17% 등 8개의 실험구를 배치하여 수행한 실험의 결과는 다음과 같다. 성장률과 사료섭취량 및 사료효율은 아미노산을 급여한 1주일과 2주령까지는 대조구가 높았으나, 3주령과 4주령에는 유의적 차이가 없었고, 몇 개의 아미노산 처리구에서는 성장저하 현상이 나타났다. 대조구와 처리구간의 생체중, 깃털중량, 머리중량, 복강지방의 차이는 나타나지 않았고, 발과 내장의 무게는 처리구들이 대조구보다 낮았다. 도체중, 흉심중량 및 대퇴중량은 유의적 차이가 없었으나, 날개의 중량은 아미노산의 처리구들이 높게 나타났다. 아미노산의 급여가 계속되는 동안에는 명확한 효과가 나타났으나, 중단된 이후 성적의 저하를 나타내는 원인의 규명과 적정한 아미노산의 첨가량, 종류, 첨가시간 및 첨가시기 등 규명해야 할 부분이 많아 앞으로 비필수 아미노산에 이용에 대한 지속적인 연구를 기대한다. This study was conducted to investigate the physio-chemical properties of chicken which was fed with single or mixed amino acids - alanine, glycine and proline. Raw chicken samples were prepared with one of eight treatments : Control : no amino acids ; A : 0.5% alanine added on basal diet ; B : 0.5% glycine added on basal diet ; C : 0.5% proline added on basal diet ; AB: 0.25% alanine and 0.25% glycine added on basal diet ; AC : 0.25%alanine and 0.25% proline added on basal diet ; BC : 0.25% glycine and 0.25% proline added on basal diet ; ABC : 0.17% alanine, 0.17% glycine and 0.17% proline added on basal diet. The physio-chemical properties were analyzed during the storage periods of 1, 4 and 8 days at 4±1℃. Growth performance and efficiency of feeding diet were respectively increased more than the control in the 1-week-old and 2week-old chicks, but there were no significant differences between the treatments and control in 3-week-old and 4-week-old chicks, even though there were growth reduction among the chicks with the supply of some amino acids. There were no significant differences in live, feather, head, and abdomen fat weight between the treatments and control, but the weight of legs and intestinal organs in the treatments were higher than those of the control. There were no significant differences in carcass, breast and leg weight, but the feather weight was much higher in the amino acid treatments than in control. According to the observation, significant effects of amino acids were detected with the maintenance of amino acid supply, but the effects were dramatically dropped with termination of amino acid supply. Therefore, the effects of amino acids such as the amount of supply and the duration of supply are needed to find out for the future studies.

심부전증에서 Doppler Tissue Image를 이용한 비동시성 심실수축(Myocardial Dyssynchronicity)의 측정 : 심전도와비교 Comparison with EKG

구소영,조구영,한성우,최승혁,박우정,두영철,홍경순,오동진,이영 대한순환기학회 2004 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.34 No.4

인공항산화제와 천연항산화제의 첨가가 가열 분쇄돈육의 pH, POV, 지방산 조성, 기호도에 미치는 영향

조병욱,김선구,이길왕,강한석,신택순 密陽産業大學校 農業技術開發硏究所 1999 農業技術開發硏究所報 Vol.3 No.1

천연항산화제의 실용화를 위한 기초자료로서 열처리된 육에서 인공항산화제와 천연항산화제의 혼합 사용으로 상승효과를 얻을 수 있는지 여부와 천연항산화제로의 대체 가능성을 구명하고져 돈육의 대퇴부위를 마쇄한 후 인공항산화제인 sodium erythorbate와 α -tocopherol, carnosine을 동시에 첨가하여 분쇄돈육을 제조한 후 열처리하여 4'c에서 30일간 저장하면서 저장기간에 따른 지방의 산화 및 지방산 조성의 변화를 조사한 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1) pH는 저장기간이 경과함에 따라 유의적인 차이가 나타나지 않다가 저장 21일 이후 급격한 증가를 나타내었다. Carnosine 첨가구는 PH를 상승시켰으나, sodium erythorbate는 거의 변화가 없었다. 2) Carnosine과 α-tocopherol의 첨가는 POV의 상승들 억제하였고 POV의 형성시간은 지연시키지 못하였으나, erythorbate는 형성시간을 지연시켰으며 POV의 상승을 약간 억제하였다. 3) 저장초기 대조구와 처리구간의 지방산 조성은 차이가 없었으나 저장기간이 경과함에 따라 대조구의 불포화 지방산의 함량은 감소하였고, 천연항산화제를 첨가한 처리구들에서는 불포화 지방산이 약간 감소하거나 변화가 없었다. 저장초기 대조구와 처리구간의 S:U, S:M:P 비율은 차이가 없었으나 저장 기간이 경과함에 따라 대조구의 S:U, S:M:P 비율은 감소하였고, 천연항산화제 첨가구인 처리구들에서는 S:U, S:M:P 비율이 약간 감소하거나 변화가 없었다. 4) 처리구들간 기호성은 유의적인 차이가 나타나지 않았으나, 저장기간의 경과에 따라서 대조구, T-1,T-2구는 유의적으로 감소하였다. 이상의 결과를 요약하면 2% 소금을 첨가한 염지 가열 분쇄돈육에 carnosine과 α-tocopherol의 첨가는 peroxide의 형성은 감소시켰으나, peroxide의 형성시간은 지연시키지 못하였으며, 반면 erythorbate는 형성시간을 지연시켰고, 또한 peroxide의 형성도 감소시켰다. 천연항산화제의 혼합사용은 인공항산화제와 유사한 수준으로 지방의 산화를 억제할 수 있었고, 50% 대체사용도 지방의 산화를 효과적으로 방지하여 인공항산화제와의 상승작용을 잘 이용한다면 천연항산화제의 실용화가 가능하다는 것을 시사한다고 사료된다. 따라서 천연항산화제의 문제점인 높은 비용과 제한된 공급원등을 해결한다면 소비자들이 기피하는 인공항산화제의 사용을 줄이고 천연항산화제의 사용을 늘여나갈 수 있으리라 사료된다. 그러나, 천연항산화제의 실용화에는 해결해야 할 문제들이 많이 남아 있으므로 앞으로 이분야에 대한 많은 연구가 있어야 할 것으로 사료된다. This study was conducted to investigate the synergistic effects of natural and synthetic antioxidants in cooked ground pork which was treated with antioxidants - α -tocopherol, carnosine and sodium erythorbate. The ground pork samples were prepared with one of five treatments : control(no antioxidant), treatment 1(sodium erythorbate at 0.5 % of meat), treatment 2(sodium erythorbate at 0.25 % of meat), treatment 3(α -tocopherol at 0.01 % of total fat, sodium erythorbate ·71 0.25 % and carnosine at 0.25 % of meat), and treatment 4(α -tocopherol at 0.02 % of total fat and car,nosine at 0.5 % of meat). The ground pork samples were cooked at 85'c for 1 hour and stored at 4±1 7C. The physico-chemical properties and fatty acids composition were analyzed during the storage periods of 7, 4, 6, 8 and 10 days. The results obtained were summarized as follows 1) The pH values of cooked ground pork with carnosine were higher than those of control and others (P<0.05) but those of cooked ground pork with sodium erythorbate were slightly lower than those of control. The pH of all treatments was not changed until 21 days but rapidly Increased from 21 days of storage. 2) The peroxide values of all cooked ground porks increased upon the passage of the storage. The peroxide values of cooked ground porks was lowered by addition of carnosine and α -locopherol but the passing time of peroxide values of cooked ground porks was not inhibited by addition of carnosine and α-tocopherol; however, the increasing and passing time of peroxide values of cooked ground porks was inhibited by addition of sodium erythorbate. 3) There was no difference in the fatty acids composition of control and treatments in early storage time; however, unsaturated fatty acid content of control was decreased and that of treatments was slightly decreased or not changed as the storage period passed. There was no difference in the ratio of S:U and S:M:P of control and treatments in early storage time; however, S:U and S:M:P of control was decreased and that of treatments was slightly decreased or not changed as the storage period passed. 4) There were no significant differences in overall acceptability among all treatments. The overall acceptability of control, T-1 and T-2 was significantly decreased as the storage periods passed. From the results mentioned so far, The peroxide values of cooked ground porks was lowered by addition of carnosine and α -tocopherol but the formation time of peroxide values of cooked ground porks was not inhibited by addition of carnosine andα-tocopherol; however, the increasing and formation time of peroxide values of cooked ground porks was inhibited by addition of sodium erythorbate. The composition of fatty acid was successfully preservated during the storage time. Combination of natural antioxidants to utilize synergistic effects in processed meat could be possible to reduce the usage of synthetic antioxidants but there are a lot of problem still remain to be solved.