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Hagen, Ralf Matthias,Frickmann, Hagen,Ehlers, Julian,Krü,ger, Andreas,Margos, Gabriele,Hizo-Teufel, Cecilia,Fingerle, Volker,Rakotozandrindrainy, Raphael,Kalckreuth, Vera von,Im, Justin,Pak, Gi De Elsevier 2018 Acta tropica Vol.177 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The occurrence of tick-borne relapsing fever and leptospirosis in humans in Madagascar remains unclear despite the presence of their potential vectors and reservoir hosts.</P> <P>We screened 255 <I>Amblyomma variegatum</I> ticks and 148 <I>Rhipicephalus microplus</I> ticks from Zebu cattle in Madagascar for <I>Borrelia</I>-specific DNA. <I>Borrelia</I> spp. DNA was detected in 21 <I>Amblyomma variegatum</I> ticks and 2 <I>Rhipicephalus microplus</I> ticks. One <I>Borrelia</I> found in one <I>Rhipicephalus microplus</I> showed close relationship to <I>Borrelia theileri</I> based on genetic distance and phylogenetic analyses on 16S rRNA and <I>flaB</I> sequences. The borreliae from <I>Amblyomma variegatum</I> could not be identified due to very low quantities of present DNA reflected by high cycle threshold values in real-time-PCR. It is uncertain whether these low numbers of <I>Borrelia</I> spp. are sufficient for transmission of infection from ticks to humans.</P> <P>In order to determine whether spirochaete infections are relevant in humans, blood samples of 1009 patients from the highlands of Madagascar with fever of unknown origin were screened for <I>Borrelia</I> spp. − and in addition for <I>Leptospira</I> spp. − by real-time PCR. No target DNA was detected, indicating a limited relevance of these pathogens for humans in the highlands of Madagascar.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> <I>Borrelia</I> spp. DNA was detected in <I>Amblyomma (A.) variegatum</I> ticks and <I>Rhipicephalus (R.) microplus</I> ticks in Madagascar. </LI> <LI> DNA of a <I>Borrelia (B.) theileri</I>-related borreliae was detected in <I>R. microplus</I> for the first time in Madagascar. </LI> <LI> Only low amounts of <I>Borrelia</I> spp. DNA were detected in the assessed ticks, indicating low numbers of organisms and indicating an at the most limited risk of transmission to humans. </LI> <LI> <I>Borrelia</I> spp. DNA was absent in the blood of fever patients from the highlands in Madagascar. </LI> <LI> <I>Leptospira</I> (<I>L.</I>) spp. DNA was absent in the blood of fever patients from the highlands in Madagascar. </LI> </UL> </P>
Frickmann, Hagen,Dekker, Denise,Boahen, Kennedy,Acquah, Samuel,Sarpong, Nimako,Adu-Sarkodie, Yaw,Schwarz, Norbert G.,May, Jü,rgen,Marks, Florian,Poppert, Sven,Wiemer, Dorothea F.,Hagen, Ralf M. Informa Healthcare 2013 Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases Vol.45 No.8
<P><I>Background:</I> Invasive enteropathogenic bacteria can cause systemic infections. Data from studies with PCR detection suggest, at least for Salmonella enterica, that blood culture may lead to underestimation in the tropics. Corresponding data are lacking for other invasive enteropathogenic bacteria. We compared classical blood culture and molecular methods for the diagnosis of blood infections. <I>Methods:</I> A real-time multiplex PCR for Salmonella spp., Shigella spp./entero- invasive Escherichia coli (EIEC), Yersinia spp., and Campylobacter jejuni was applied to 2321 retained blood culture samples from Ghanaian patients, after enrichment by automated culture. <I>Results:</I> PCR detected Salmonella DNA in 56 out of 58 pre-incubated Ghanaian blood cultures with growth of S. enterica. In 2 samples molecular diagnosis was only possible after 1:10 dilution. Twenty-two samples negative by blood culture and 1 positive with Micrococcus spp. were PCR-positive for Salmonella spp. In addition, 3 Shigella spp./EIEC, 2 Yersinia spp., and 1 C. jejuni were detected by PCR but not by culture growth. <I>Conclusions:</I> Real-time PCR was more sensitive in identifying invasive enteropathogenic bacteria than automated blood culture, which is hampered by a lack of evidence-based standardization of pre-analytic conditions in the tropics. Primary agar culture and Gram-staining prior to automated blood culture is advisable in cases where transportation times are long.</P>
Hagen Koo 동아대학교 동아시아연구원 2004 동아시아 : 비교와 전망 Vol.2 No.-
South Korea’s labor regime is often characterized by volatility, militancy, and uncompromising confrontations. This paper explains the origins of such confrontational labor relations during the authoritarian period and examines what challenges South Korea faces in searching for a more mature and productive industrial relations system in the age of globalization. The analysis is focused on Korea’s effort for crafting a social compact among labor, capital, and the state, a grand social agenda that emerged in the aftermath of the Asian financial crisis in 1997-98. The paper argues that major obstacles to crafting a viable social compact derive from the historically formed habits, orientations, and behavioral pattern, as well as from the organizational and institutional limitations shaped under the authoritarian labor regime. 한국의 노동체제는 극히 불안정하고 과격하며 비타협적인 대결로 흔히 특징 지워진다. 이 논문은 이렇게 불안정한 노동관계가 권위주의적 노동통제하에서 발달한 과정을 설명하고 세계화 시대에서 좀더 성숙하고 생산적인 노사관계를 모색하는데 한국이 직면한 문제들을 분석한다. 이 글의 초점은 한국이 1997-98년 외환위기 이후 중요한 사회적 의제로 등장한 사회적 합의제도를 이룩해 내는데 따르는 문제점들이다. 이 글의 주요 논지는 성공적인 사회적 합의제도를 성취하는데 가장 큰 장애로 작용하는 요인들은 현재의 노사관계를 지배하는 조직적 제도적 제약들과 더불어 권위주의 정권하에서 역사적으로 배태된 노사 양측의 습관, 행동양식, 가치지향에 있다는 것이다.
Developing a local research strategy for city logistics on an academic campus
Thomas Hagen Zunder,Paulus Teguh Aditjandra,Bruce Carnaby 서울시립대학교 도시과학연구원 2014 도시과학국제저널 Vol.18 No.2
This paper investigates the relative suitability of data and methodologies to assess the determinants of urban freight activity, based on a case study that has been carried out in a city centre university campus, in a medium-sized British city. Data, from procurement/purchasing and traffic surveys, have been used to set a baseline model of freight activity in the development of Delivery and Servicing Plans. A focused literature review of urban freight studies has been completed, in order to address identified urban freight challenges in meeting sustainability objectives. The study demonstrates imperfect data and raises questions that identify new research opportunities with new data collection, including focus group interviews, staff questionnaires, and stated preference surveys. These and other methodologies are identified to address the data gap, in order to develop a localized research strategy adapted to a local campus sustainability initiative.