지베렐린과 에세폰의 葉面撒布가 '美白' 복숭아의 熟期와 品質에 미치는 影響

김영호,윤철구,임상철,김학현,이철희,최관순,김선규 충북대학교 농업과학기술연구소 1999 農業科學硏究 Vol.16 No.-

In order to obtain the basic data for artificial maturity control of 'Mibaek' peach, GA and ethephon were foliar sprayed 4 weeks prior to harvest, and their effects on fruit maturity and quality were examined. GA and ethephon tended to decrease the fruit weight except 100mg ㆍ L-1 GA+50 to 100mg · L-1 ethephon treatment. GA increased the fruit firmness, and ethephon at higher concentration increased the fruit drop. Harvest date was advanced for 7 to 8 days by ethephon while was delayed for 6 to 8 days by GA treatment, regardless of concentration.

심박수와 환기량을 이용한 최대산소섭취량 추정연구

김학렬,노성규,손태열,강인섭 龍仁大學校 體育科學硏究所 1991 體育科學硏究論叢 Vol.1 No.1

Direct measurement of oxygen uptake(V O₂??) is used to standard index of cardiorespiratory fitness, but is practical only in a laboratory setting. The purpose of this paper is presented assessing formular of V O₂?? with measured heart rate and ventilation as the independent variables and with directly measured V O₂?? as the dependent variables. Twenty males with college hand ball players volunteered to exercise on a bicycle ergometer by 2-min incremental load exercise. Incremented bicycle ergometer test was used to measure maximal values of metabolic variables. To calculated assessing formular of V O₂??, It was using linear regression and multiple linear regression. The conclusion were as follows : 1. Correlation Coefficient of heart rate and ventilation, oxygen uptake and ventilation, oxygen uptake and heart rate were presented r=0.918, r=0.936, r=0.930, respectively. also, multiple regression equation derived from data of the test group were; V O₂??(ml/kg/min)=HR(0.151)+VE-BTPS(0.012)-4.04…………(1) R²=0.9079 2. Linear regression of heart rate and oxygen uptake were: V O₂??(ml/kg/min)=HR(0.312)-14.03……………(2) R²=0.8654 3. Linear regression of ventilation and oxygen uptake were: V O₂??(ml/kg/min)=VE-BTPS(0.022)+6.997………(3) R²=0.8760 4. It was calculated more V O₂?? by using multiple linear regression considered two variables than assessing equation of V O₂?? with heart rate or ventilation.

회계감사서비스와 경영자문서비스의 양립에 관한 연구 : 설문조사를 중심으로

金鎭煥,蔡奎學 홍익대학교 경영연구소 2003 경영연구 Vol.28 No.-

본 논문의 목적은 회계법인의 동일기업에 대한 회계감사서비스와 경영자문서비스의 동시 제공이 양립가능한가를 조사하는데 있다. 설문지는 4개 집단(경영진 및 회계담당자, 공인회계사, 은행의 기업 여신담당자 그리고 증권회사의 애널리스트 등)에 600부를 발송하였다. 4개 집단으로부터 337부(56.2%)가 회수되었다. 조사 결과 회계감사서비스와 MAS의 제공자가 동일인이 아닐 경우에 감사인의 독립성에 영향을 미치지 않을 것이라고 응답자의 58.5%가 답했고, 영향이 있을 것이라고는 21.5%가 답했으며 20.0%는 확신을 갖지 못했다. 반면에, 회계감서비스와 MAS의 제공자가 동일인일 경우에는 감사인의 독립성에 영향을 미치지 않을 것이라고 응답자의 18.7%가 답을 했고, 영향이 있을 것이라고는 54.5%가 답했으며 17.5%는 확신을 보이지 못했다. 서비스 제공자의 동일인 여부에 의한 응답의 차이는 통계적으로 유의적인 차이를 보였다. 결론적으로 서비스 제공자가 동일인일 경우에 회계정보의 이용자 집단은 회계정보의 제공자 집단보다는 감사인의 독립성에 영향을 미치는 것으로 지각하고 있다. 그러나 서비스 제공자가 동일인이 아닐 경우에는 네 집단 모두 감사인의 독립성이 지켜지는 것으로 보고 있다. 따라서 회계법인의 동일 기업에 대한 회계감사서비스와 MAS의 동시 제공에 대한 규제는 보다 신중하게 접근할 필요가 있다. The purpose of this study is to examine the compatibility of management advisory services and auditing services in CPA firms. Questionnaires were sent to 600 of the four parties (executives and accountants, CPAs, corporate loan officers of bank and security analysts). The response rate was 70.0%; 420 of the 600 questionnaires returned. Nearly 58.5% of the four parties do not believe that management advisory services seriously endanger the CPA's audit independence; 21.5% believe that they do; and the remaining 20.0% are somewhat undecided whether or not auditing and management advisory services should be performed by separate staffs in the CPA firms. On the other hand, in the CPA firms where auditing and management advisory services are not performed by separate staffs, about 18.7% of the four parties do not believe that management advisory services seriously endanger the CPA's audit independence; 54.5% believe that they do; and the remaining 17.5% are undecided. The difference between the separate staffs and non-separate staffs is statistically significant. In conclusion, the four parties do not impair the CPA's audit independence when auditing and management services are performed by separate staffs. Therefore, it is necessary to carefully establish the policy (e.g. ban management advisory services for audit clients) for CPA firms which provide both auditing and management advisory services to the same clients.

점증부하와 지속부하 운동강도가 회복기 생리적 변화에 미치는 영향

김학렬,노성규,손태열,우도영 龍仁大學校 體育科學硏究所 1991 體育科學硏究論叢 Vol.1 No.1

1. The time of break point between Fast-component and slow component of O₂ up-take curve was presented at 12sec after recovery and its level of % VO₂max showed 32.18% VO₂max(Incremental) and 32.98% VO₂max(Continuous). 2. There were no significant differences of the break point between Incremental load and continuous load during recovery time. By above results, Though it was suggested that there will no problem for select any kind load exercise to evaluate O₂Debt during recovery time, but it shall be more desirable that Incremental load be applied to aged or women subjects and continuous load be applied to athletes or healthy subjects. To examine the level of % VO₂max which points the break point between Fast component and slow component by analyzing V E, VO₂, and LA concentration during recovery period after two kinds of treadmill exercise, 10healthy men(32.3%±4.72yrs) were tested as subjects. The methods of exercise load were Incremental load(start with 1.5mph, increasing the speed of 1.1mph at every 2min) and continuous load(continual running with the speed of 100% VO₂max level) with fixed 6% grade of treadmill. Results from the two kinds of load exercise are follows ;

無酸素性 運動能力과 生理學的 變因의 關聯性

김기진,윤성원,김학열,정정진,우도영,노성규,손태열,안의수 江原大學校附設 體育科學硏究所 1991 江原大學校附設體育科學硏究所論文集 Vol.- No.16

Wingate test 및 Supramaximal exercise를 이용한 무산소성 운동능력의 측정시 나타난 변인의 관련성을 살펴본 본 연구를 요약하면 다음과 같다. Wingate test시 혈중젖산농도 최고치는 9.04±0.62mM로서 Supramaximal exercise시 보다 유의하게 높았으며, 혈장 LDH 및 CPK활성도는 두가지 운동부하후 모두 유의한 변화는 나타나지 않았다. 근전도상의 적분치, 중간파형빈도 및 평균파형빈도도 유의한 변화는 없었다. 등속성 수축시의 최대토오크는 양쪽 다리 모두에서 초당 60도의 각속도에서가장 높았다. Wingate test시의 최대파워는 등속성 수축시 최대토오크 및 Wingate test시 중간파형빈도의 직접적인 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났으며, 평균파워는 Wingate test시의 적분치 변화, 듣는 쪽 슬관절의 등속성 수축시최대토오크 및 Supramaximal exercise시 혈장 LDH 활성도의 직접적인 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과에서 무산소성 운동능력과 관련지어 그 기전을 살피고자 할 때 체내 화학적 변화, 전기생리적 변화 및 발현능력의 복합성을 고려해야 하며 최대누적 산소결핍량의 활용가능성은 측정강도 결정방법을 중심으로한 계속적인 연구가 요구된다. The present study examined the relationship of variables related to anaerobic capacity with Wingate test and supramaximal exercise. Peak value of blood lactate concentration with Wingate test showeda significantly higher than suprammaximal exercise, and plasma LDH & median power frequency and mean power frequency were not any difference between two tests. Peak torque of isokinetic contractionh on knee joint showed a highest value in 60 degrees of angular velocity among a various angular velocity. Peak power of Wingate test was related to peak torque of isokinetic contraction and median power frequency of EMG with Wingate test, and mean power of Wingate test was related to integrated EMG with Wingate test, peak torque with isokinetic contraction of dominant knee joint and plasma LDH activity with supramaximal exercise. In this result, when it analyzed the mechanism of anaerobic capacity, ti was required the consideration of complexity according to biochemical alteration, electrophysiological alteration and revelation of performance, Appicapability of maximal accumulated O₂deficit was demaned a continuous study with the focus of exercise intensity.

중·장거리 선수들의 강력한 스프린트성 반복운동후 혈장 젖산, 젖산탈수소효소 및 젖산탈수소 동위효소의 변화

이규성,김학렬,최용어 韓國體育大學校附屬 體育科學硏究所 1992 韓國體育大學校附屬 體育科學硏究所論文集 Vol.11 No.1

훈련된 중, 장거리 런너를 대상으로 강력한 스프린트성 운동(400m)을 반복적으로 수행하였을때 유발되는 형중 젖산농도, 젖산탈수소효소 및 젖산탈수소 동위효소의 변화를 평가함으로서 무산소성 운동에 대한 LDH 활성도의 특성을 재검토하고 이러한 무산소성 운동을 반복적으로 실시함으로서 유발되는 생체의 스트레스 및 근섬유 동원양상을 평가하고자 400m 트랙을 이용하여 강력한 스프린트 운동을 10회 동안 반복적으로 수행 하였다. 혈중 젖산농도, 젖산탈수소효소 및 젖산탈수소 동위효소를 분석하기 위한 혈액샘플은 400m 질주후 5분의 유식을 취하는 중 3분 경과시에 약 5ml의 혈액을 채혈 하였으며 혈액쌤플의 일부는 혈중 젖산농도를 분석하기 위하여 0.3M Perchloric acid 1000ul에 전혈 200ul를 첨가하고 30초간 진탕한후 원심분리하여 제단백 하였으며 상충액을 냉동보관하였다. 상충액은 1120ul Regent를 혼합하고 실온에서 60분간 방치한후 파장 340nm에서 time scan법으로 측정 하였다. 남은 혈액샘플은 혈장을 분하 하였으면 Beckmann Paragon 법을 이용하여 tltal LDH 활성도를 측정 하였다. 또한 LDH isozyme은 전기영동법으로서 Agarose gel을 사용하여 5개의 동위효소를 분리야였으며 scanning densitometer를 이용하여 상대적 %를 산출하였다. 스프린트성 반복운동에 따른 혈중 젖산농도는 안정시에 비해 1회 400m 질주 후 크게 증가된 수준(p<0.00001)을 나타내었으나 10회 질주가 반복될때가지 더이상의 유의한 증가 없이 전체적으로 일정한 수준을 유지 하였다. 그러나 total LDH 활성도는 혈중 전산농도와는 달리 안정시에 비해 400m 반복힛수에 따라 점차적으로 증가되는 경향을 나타내었으며 9회 400m 반복질주까지 안정시 수준과는 유의한차가 없었으나 10회 400m 질주후 증가수준은 안정시 수준보다 유의하게 높은 수준(p<0.01)을 나타내었다. 또한 total LDH 활성도의 상대적 %로 나나탠 LDH isozyme은 H-type(LDH1+2)의 경우 안정시에 비해 400m의 반복운동에 따라 감소되는 경향을 나타내였으며, 특히 LDH2에서 반복질주간에 통계적 유의차(p<0.01)를 나타내었다. 반면에 M-type(LDH3+4+5)은 반복 운동의 빈도에 따라 점차적으로 증가되는 경향을 나타내었으며, 특히 LDH4와 LDH5에서 현저하게 큰 증가경향을 나타내었다(p<0.001). 이러한 변화양상에 따라 M/H Subunit ratio가 점차적으로감소되는 경향을 나타내었으나 유의한차(p>0.05)는 없는 것으로 나나났다. 결과적으로 본 연구에서의 400m 반복적 질주에 따른 혈중젖산, total LDH 활성도 및 M-type LDH isozyme은 크게 증가를 나타내었다. 이러한 연구결과가 시사하는 바는 400m 반복적 질주에 따른 높은 혈중젖산의 축적이 증가된 totlal LDH 활성도와 M-LDH isozyme분포와 밀접한 관련성을 나나탠다는 것을 시사하는 바이다. The Purpose of this study was to-examine the profile of Lactate dehydrogenase activity during exercise by evaluating a changes of blood lactate concentration, LDH and LDH isozymes induced as a strenuously performed repetitive exercise(400m). Also, it was estimated from a physiological stress and recruitment patterns of muscle fibers indueced as an anaerobi exercise performed. Ten elite middle and long distance runers were employed for this study. Exercise protocol utilized a 10th 400m sprint run. Blood sample for analyzing the blood lactate concetration, lactate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase isozymes was collected at 3min out of rest period of 5min after 400m maximal run. One portion of the blood sample for analyzing a lactate concentration was deprotenized from 0.3M perchlioric regent to analyze a blood lactate cocnetration was measured by time scan methods in 340nm wave length after 60min ambient temperature. The reminder of the blood sample was stored in refrigerator after centrifuge. Total LDH activity of plasma was examined by using Beckman Paragon tchniques. Also, LDH isozymes was determined to electrophoresis separation by using agarose gel buffered by paragon LD isoenzymes kit. These distribution of LDH isozymes was calculated from a relative percentage by scanning densitometer. Blood lactate concentration followed strenuous repetitive exercise(400m) was shown significantly increased levels (p<0.0001) from 1th to 10th 400m maximal run in comparison with levels of rest. However, it was sustained a const.ant levels without more significant increase from 1th maximal run to 10th run. Total LDH activity showed a progressivly shift, trend as 400m run went on repetitively but, there was not significant difference(p>0.05) from rest levels to 9th maximal run. However, total LDH activity after the 10th 400m maximal run showed significantly increased levels(p <0.01), compared with rest levels. Also, distribution of LDH isozymes determine as relative percent.age of total LDH activity was displayed a decreased levels in case of H- specific type(LDH1+2) by increasing of 400m repetitive frequency. Especially, there displayed a significant difference(p<O.O1) in the LDH4 between 400m repetitive run. Wheareas, M- specific type(LDH3+4+5) was shown a increased levels by increasing of 400m repetitive frequency. Especially, there was significant difference (p <0.001) in the LDH 4 and LDH5. H/M subunit ratio followed changes of LDH isozymes distribution was shown a decreased levels, but there was not significant difference(p >0.05). In Conclusion, The results of this study showed a increase in blood lactate concentration, total LDH activity and M -type LDH isozymes. It was suggested that increase levels of blood lactate accumulation followed 400m repetitive maximal run was a close relation with the increase levels of total LDH activity, and M-LDH isozymes distribution.

중·장거리 선수들의 점증적 트레드밀 운동부하후 혈장의 젖산탈수소효소 및 젖산탈수소 동위효소의 변화

이규성,김학렬,최용어 韓國體育大學校附屬 體育科學硏究所 1992 韓國體育大學校附屬 體育科學硏究所論文集 Vol.11 No.1

고도로 훈련된 중, 장거리 런너(n=10)를 대상으로 단시간내에 최대상태(Exhaustion)에도달하도록 하는 점증적 트레드밀 운동을 실시 하였을때 혈장의 젖산탈수소효소(LDH)및 젖산탈수소 동위효소(LDH isozyme)를 분석함으로서 운동의 형태에 따른 조직의 상해 및 근섬유동원양상을 평가하고자 안정시와 운동직후 및 회복 30,60분에 주저정맥에서 약 5ml의 혈액을 채혈하였다. LDH활성도는 Beckman paragon법을 이용하여 측정 하였으며, LDH isozyme을 전기영동분리하고 scanning desitometer를 이용하여 상대적 %를 산출 하였다. 중, 장거리 런너들에서 점증적 트레드밀 운동부하후 혈장의 LDH활성도는 안정시에 비해 다소 증가 되었으나 통계적 유의차(p>0.05)는 없는것으로 나타났으며, 회복 30분과 60분에서도 안정시 및 운동직후 수준과 유의한차(p>0.05)는 없는것으로 나타났다. LDH isozyme은 운동직후 H-type(LDH1+2)에서 감소되는 경향을, M-type(LDH3+4+5)에서 증가되는 경향을 나타내였으나 통계적 유의차(p>0.05)는 없는 것으로 나타났으며, 회복의 시간경과에 따라서도 유의한차(p>0.05)는 없는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구결과가 시사하는 바는 혈장의 젖산탈수소효소 및 젖산탈수소 동위효소의 변화는 운동의 형태에 따라 차이를 나타낸다는 것과, 현재에 이용된 트레드밀의 강도와 기간이 이들의 변화를 유발 시키기에는 불충분 하였다는 것으로 결론 지을수 있을 것이다. The pupose of this study was to estimate a damage of tissues and a recruitment patterns of muscle fibers followed exercise types by analyzing the plasma lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and distribution of lactate dehydrogenase isozymes. The subjects for this study consisted of 10 middle and long distance runners. Venous blood samples of 5ml were collected before and after 2min incremental treadmill exercise, also in the 30,60min of recovery. Total LDH aetivity was examinated by using a Beckman paragon techniques. Also, LDH isozymes was determined to electrophoresis separation by using agarose gel buffered in paragon LD isoenzymes kit. This distribution of LDH isoenzymes was calculated from a relative percentage by scanning densitometer. Plasma total LDH activity after treadmill exercise did not statistically significant. difference(P>.05), and did not differ 30,60 minutes of recovery compared with treadmill exercise before. Distribution of LDH isozymes resulted in decreased of LDH H-type (LDHl+2), whereas LDH M-type(LDH3+4+5) increased, but did not statistically significant difference(P>.05) compared with exercise before. We conclude that Changes of plasma lactate dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes differ as exercise types. And exercise intensity and duration of treadmill used to this research is not suitable to inducing a changes of these enzymes.

2,4-D 處理가 'Harcot' 살구와 '美白' 복숭아의 果實 成熟과 品質에 미치는 影響

윤철구,김영호,임상철,김학현,이철희,최관순,김선규 충북대학교 농업과학기술연구소 1999 農業科學硏究 Vol.16 No.-

Effect of 2,4- D application on the fruit maturity and quality of 'Harcot' apricot and 'Mibaek' peach was examined. Leaf area of 'Harcot' apricot was not affected by 2,4-D while that of 'Mibaek' peach was increased by 35mg · L-1 2,4-D. Application of 2,4-D at 35mgㆍL-1 increased the fruit weight of both species, and that of 'Harcot' was doubled. Soluble solids content of 'Harcot' was decreased by 2,4-D while that of 'Mibaek' was not affected. Fruit maturity of 'Harcot' and 'Mibaek' was enhanced for respective 4 and 1 day by 2,4-D application. Percent fruit cracking of 'Harcot' apricot was decreased by 35mg · L-1 2,4-D.

우수여자 유도선수들의 연간 트레이닝과 디트레이닝에 따른 무산소성 역치의 변화

홍관이,정정진,김학렬,김기진,조현철,손태열,노성규 龍仁大學校 體育科學硏究所 1992 體育科學硏究論叢 Vol.2 No.1

The seasonal variance for estimate of exercise intensity, energy expenditure, maximal oxygen uptake and anaerobic threshold of elite women judo players(Group Ⅰ:4,Group Ⅱ: 4) was measured during 3,5,7,9,10month. The results of this study is as follows. 1. Exercise intensity by %HRmax during seasonal training was shown range of 56.45-73.62, 65.56-82.15, 80.03-86.62, 62.06-68.83%HRmax, respectiveley, from 3 to 9month in the warm up, additional exercise, main exercise and cooling down. 2. Energy expenditure per min during seasonal training was shown range of 4.09-7.96, 5.41-8.66, 8.95-9.90 and 5.05-6.41Kcal/min, respectiveley, from 3 to 9month in the warn up, additional exercise, main exercise, main exercsie and cooling down. 3. Changes of maximal oxygen uptake(VO₂max)during seasonal training and detraining not significant difference between both group, and in the seasonal variance. However, maximal heart rate during detraining expressed significant difference(p<0.05) between both group. 4. Anaerobic threshold levels during seasonal training and detraining not significant difference between both group, and in the seasonal variance. However, AT-VE(1/min) and AT- work time(min) of group Ⅱ expressed significant difference(p<0.01) in the seasonal variance.

중탄산나트륨(NaHCO₃) 투여가 1500m 런닝기록과 심박수, 혈중 pH, HCO₃??, 젖산농도에 미치는 영향

양정수,이규성,최용어,김학렬 韓國體育大學校附屬 體育科學硏究所 1992 韓國體育大學校附屬 體育科學硏究所論文集 Vol.11 No.1

본 연구에서는 고등학교에 재학중인 학생 8명을 대상으로 중탄나트륨(NAHCO??)투여에 대한 다음과 같은 연구가설을 검증하는 것이었다. 1)중탄산나트륨(300mg/kg.wt)의 섭취는 염기성증(alkalosis)의 유발을 촉진시키는가? 2)중탄산나트륨(300mg/kg.wt)의 섭취는 1500m 런닝기록에 유의한 효과를 나타내는가? 3)중탄산나트륨(300mg/kg.wt)의 섭취는 1500m 런닝수행시 심박수 및 혈중 pH, HCO????, 젖산농도에 유의한 효고를 나타내는가? 중탄산나트륨 투여 전,후간 심박수 및 1500m 런닝기록은 유의한 효과를 나타내지 못하였으나, 혈중 pH는 중탄산나트륨 투여후 1500m 런닝직후에서 유의한 효과(P<0.01)를 나타내었으며 HCO????농도의 경우에 있어서도 투여 60분후(pre-running, P<0.0001)동일한 효과를 나타내는 것이 증명 되었다. 또한 중탄산나트륨 투여후 혈중 젖산농도는 투여전에 비해 투여후에 더욱 크게 증가된 수준(P<0.01)을 나타내었다. 결론적으로, Ergogenic aids로서 중탄산나트륨(300mg/kg.wt)의 투여는 생체내 알카리성 유발을 촉진시키며 혈중 pH, HCO???? 및 젖산농도에 유의한 생리적 효과를 나타내었으나 1500m 런닝기록에 단축효과는 나타내지 못하였다. 이러한 결과가 시사하는바는 운동수행능력의 향상을 위한 NaHCO?? 섭취는 무산소성 운동능력 및 NaHCO??의 투여량과 밀접한 관련성을 나타낸다는 것이다. The purpose of this study was to examine the hypothesis as follows : Firstly, Does the ingestion of sodium bicarbonate(NaHCO??) result. in induce of alkalosis? Secondly, Does the ingestion of sodium bicarbonate result in improving 1500m running records? Lastly, Does the ingestion of sodium bicarbonate result significant effet during 1500rn running in the variables such as heart rate, venous pH, HCO???? and blood lactate concentration? Record of 1500m running and heart rate before and after the sodium bicarbonate ingestion was not shown a significant effect, but it was proved a significant effect, in case after sodium bicarbonate ingestion of venous pH and HC0?? Also, blood lactate concentration was displayed a significantly increased ievels after sodium bicarbonate treatment, compared with sodium bicarbonate treatment before. Conclusively, Treatment of sodium bicarbonate as ergogenic aids results in increasing a alklosis inducing, and a physiological effect of venous pH, HCO???? and blood lactate concentration, but it was not improved a record of 1500m running. We concluded that NaHCO?? ingestion for improvement, of performance was closely related to factors such as total dosage of NaHCO?? and exercise protocol.