The Experiences and Challenges of Caregivers of Frail or Chronically Ill Elderly: An Integrative Review

( Hae Ra Han ) 서울대학교 간호과학연구소 2006 간호학의 지평 Vol.3 No.1

The Educational Needs of Parents of Pediatric Oncology Patients and the Degree of Nurses' Educational Performances Perceived by Parents

Han, Hae Ra 서울의대간호학과 1996 간호학논문집 Vol.10 No.2

The Experiences and Challenges of Caregivers of Frail or Chronically Ill Elderly: An Integrative Review

Han, Hae-Ra The Research Institute of Nursing Science Seoul Na 2006 간호학의 지평 Vol.3 No.1

BACKGROUND: Social, legal, and economic factors have changed the delivery of care to elderly who are frail and/or chronically ill. Increasing number of the elderly are now treated in the community, while living with or in close proximity to their family. It is evident that families play a major role of support for elderly persons in our society. This paper provides a review and analysis of studies that have investigated informal caregiving issues encompassing physical, psychological, emotional, and social domains. RESULTS OF THE REVIEW: Family caregiving often interfered with workplace and other responsibilities, creating physical, emotional, and financial stress for caregivers. Relatively high volumes of research addressed caregiving issues in the families of Alzheimer patients and in the areas of emotional and psychological impact of caregiving. Few studies explicitly investigated the role of informal caregivers in the management of other chronic conditions such as stroke or depression or physical consequences of long-term caregiving. While most studies were focused on negative aspects of caregiving, a few studies found it rewarding. Often the burden, stress, and socio-economic effects on the family caregiving for an elderly person were not sufficiently appreciated. CONCLUSIONS: Positive outcomes for both the caregiver and the care recipient are more likely to occur when effective levels of collaboration exist between health professionals and caregivers. As a first step, a better understanding of the caregiving experience such as caregiver characteristics, care recipient characteristics, and social stigma is important for nurses to minimize the burden of care so that appropriate interventions can be developed. In addition, further studies are needed to examine the role and needs of informal caregivers in the care of increasing number of frail and/or chronic ill elderly treated in the community.

[Invited Lecture Ⅲ] Transforming the Delivery of Care for Vulnerable Populations

Hae-Ra Han 한국간호과학회 2013 한국간호과학회 학술대회 Vol.2013 No.10

This paper provides a comprehensive review of the literature concerning the use of community health workers (CHWs) in the care of vulnerable populations. A conceptual definition of vulnerability is first introduced, followed by specific intervention programs using CHWs that target vulnerable populations. In particular, a wide range of health behaviors and health conditions for which CHW interventions have been used are presented in detail with varying roles assumed by CHWs and resulting patient outcomes. Though limited, a number of research studies also document cost benefits associated with the integration of CHWs into the healthcare delivery system for prevention and management of chronic conditions that are most often overburdening vulnerable populations. CHWs are uniquely positioned to provide tailored, culturally responsive interventions. Integration of CHW models into the healthcare system appears to be a particularly promising strategy in restructuring primary care delivery for vulnerable populations for accessible, comprehensive, compassionate and culturally effective care.

암환아 부모의 교육요구 및 부모가 지각한 간호사의 교육수행 정도

한혜라,홍경자 서울의대간호학과 1996 간호학논문집 Vol.10 No.2

Assessing the use of Quantitative Light-induced Fluorescence-Digital as a clinical plaque assessment

Han, Sun-Young,Kim, Bo-Ra,Ko, Hae-Youn,Kwon, Ho-Keun,Kim, Baek-Il Elsevier 2016 PHOTODIAGNOSIS AND PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY Vol.13 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Background</B></P> <P>The aims of this study were to compare the relationship between red fluorescent plaque (RF plaque) area by Quantitative Light-induced Fluorescence-Digital (QLF-D) and disclosed plaque area by two-tone disclosure, and to assess the bacterial composition of the RF plaque by real time-PCR.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>Fifty healthy subjects were included and 600 facial surfaces of their anterior teeth were examined. QLF-D was taken on two separate occasions (before and after disclosing), and the RF plaque area was calculated based on Plaque Percent Index (PPI). After disclosing, the stained plaque area was analyzed to investigate the relationship with the RF plaque area. The relationship was evaluated using Pearson correlation and paired <I>t</I>-test. Then, the RF and non-red fluorescent (non-RF) plaque samples were obtained from the same subject for real-time PCR test. Total 10 plaque samples were compared the ratio of the 6 of bacteria using Wilcoxon signed rank test.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>Regarding the paired <I>t</I>-test, the blue-staining plaque area (9.3±9.2) showed significantly similarity with the RF plaque area (9.1±14.9, <I>p</I> =0.80) at Δ<I>R</I>20, however, the red-staining plaque area (31.6±20.9) presented difference from the RF plaque area (<I>p</I> <0.0001). In addition, bacterial composition of <I>Prevotella intermedia</I> and <I>Streptococcus anginosus</I> was associated with substantially more the RF plaque than the non-RF plaque (<I>p</I> <0.05).</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>The plaque assessment method using QLF-D has potential to detect mature plaque, and the plaque area was associated with the blue-staining area using two-tone disclosure.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> We tested potential of QLF-D if it can use as old plaque assessment tool. </LI> <LI> Plaque area by QLF-D showed similarity with old plaque area by two-tone disclosure. </LI> <LI> Composition of <I>P. intermedia</I> and <I>S. anginosus</I> was associated with more RF plaque than non-RF plaque. </LI> </UL> </P>

암환아 부모의 교육요구 및 부모가 지각한 간호사의 교육수행 정도

한혜라,홍경자 서울대학교 간호대학 간호과학연구소 1996 간호학 논문집 Vol.10 No.2

Cancer is the disease which can attack our whole body regardless of age and sex. It is rare disease in childhood but 12% of childhood mortality is attributed to cancers, and second cause of mortality followed accident. From 1989 to 1990, reported incidences of cancers under fifteen years old were about 1.64% of all cancer in Korea. Leukemia is the most common type of cancer which can be seen under fifteen years old and is accounted a half of childhood cancer. Brain tumor is the next common cancer. Recently, cancer incidence is increasing due to contaminated and polluted environment. Cancer is not considered as uncurable any more due to advances of modern medicine and technology. Sixty percent of pediatric oncology patients can live more than 5 years now. Such development resulted from complex treatment which combines operation, radiation and chemotherapy. Longer survival and treatment time cause problems in lives of pediatric oncology patients and their parents, and are turned to important issues in nursing practice. Long survival of cancer patients requires long-term observation and care, and furthermore educating role of nurses for the parents of pediatric oncology patients become more important. It is because primary responsibility of care and nurture of patients depend on their parents' knowledge of care. They are usually cared by their parents at home while they are treated in outpatient clinics unless they are in critical condition. Education for the client is an independent function as well as a professional responsibility of nurses. Nurses must identify educational needs of clients before they educate them, because education should be based on the needs of clients to be successful and effective. This study was conducted to identify educational needs of parents of pediatric oncology patients and their nurses' actual educational performances perceived by them. Subjects were composed of 46 parents of pediatric oncology patients (10 fathers and 36 mothers) whose childen were hospitalized at Seoul National University Children's Hospital from March 4th to April 6th in 1994. A questionnaire for this study was developed on the basis of previous literatures and researcher's clinical experiences. The questionnaire was Likert type 5 point scale, composed of three areas(19 questions related to diagnosis and treatment of the disease, 27 questions related to care during hospitalization, 7 questions related to home care). Internal consistency of this questionnaire in this study for educational needs was cronbach α = .983, and for educational performances was cronbach α=.984. In the data analysis, MANOVA was done to test differences among three areas; t-test and ANOVA were done to determine the effect of general characteristics of subjects on their educational needs as well as perceived nurses' actual performances. The results were as follows: 1. Mean score of Educational needs of subjects were 188.68(range 0-212). Differences among areas were significant (p<.001). Educational need of Diagnosis and treatment of the disease ranked as the highest and that of care during hospitalization was the lowest. 2. Compared with the educational needs of subjects, the mean score of nurses' educational performances perceived by them, 102.29(range 0-212) was very low. Differences among areas were also significant(p<.001). Educational performance on the care during hospitalization ranked as the highest and that of home care was the lowest. 3. Subject's educational need was significantly high boys(t=2.46, p=.032). 4. Recurrence of disease and parent's level of education were emerged as important variables affecting the degree of nurses' educational performances perceived by parent without statistical significance. In conclusion, the educational needs of parents of pediatric oncology patients were very high but nurses' educational performances perceived by them relatively low. And there was difference in perception between what area need to be learned and what area taught by nurses.

Ursodeoxycholic acid 의 무정형 초미립자제제들의 CCI4 유도 간손상 생쥐에 대한 보호 효과

정한영(Han Young Chung),김애라(Ae Ra Kim),정해영(Hae Young Chung),곽신성(Sin Seung Kwak),최우식(Woo Sik Choi),이지현(Ji Hyoen Lee),박태현(Tae Hyun Park),김유정(You Jung Kim),김현일(Hyun Il Kim) 한국응용약물학회 2002 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.10 No.1

N/A The particle size of medicinal materials is an important physical property that affects the pharmaceutical behaviors such as dissolution, chemical stability, and bioavailability of solid dosage forms. The size reduction of raw medicinal powder is needed to formulate insoluble drugs or slightly soluble medicines and to improve the pharmaceutical properties such as the solubility, the pharmaceutical mixing, and the dispersion. The objective of the present study is to evaluate physiological activity of amorphous and nano-particle preparations of insoluble drug, ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), which were made by three types of fine grinding mills. The change of physical properties of ground UDCA was conformed by Mastersiger microplus and X-ray diffraction. We have investigated hepatoprotective effects of the nano-particle preparations of UDCA by planetary mill, vibration rod mill and jet mill in CCl_4-induced oxidatively injured mouse liver. The results showed that nano-particle preparations of UDCA all decreased reactive oxygen sepecies generation and lipid peroxidation in CCl_4-induced oxidative stress mice. Among them, nano-particle preparations by vibration rod mill and jet mill showed more significantly hepatoprotective effects compared to intact UDCA and planetary millground UDCA. These results suggest that ground UDCA with vibration rod mill and jet mill shows a high amorphous state and the improved dissolution.

Hesperidin Induces Apoptosis in SNU-668, Human Gastric Cancer Cells

Park, Hae-Jeong,Ra, Je-Hyun,Han, Mi-Young,Chung, Joo-Ho The Korean Society of Toxicogenomics and Toxicopro 2007 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.3 No.1

Hesperidin, known as a flavonoid constituent of citrus, has been known to reduce the proliferation of several cancer cells. We investigated whether hesperidin-induced cell death on SNU-668, human gastric cancer cells. The cytotoxicity of hesperidin on SNU-668 cells was determined by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay at the concentration of 1, 10, 50, and 100 ${\mu}M$. Cell viability by hesperidin was 53.18$\pm$2.85% of control value at 100 ${\mu}M$. The cell death by hesperidin showed apoptotic features, which were confirmed using a combination of 4, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. In the apoptosis-regulating genes, treatment of hesperidin decreased mRNA expression of B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2 (BCL2), whereas expression of BCL2-associated X protein (BAX) was increased. The mRNA expression and the activity of caspase3 (CASP3), a major apoptotic factor, was significantly increased by hesperidin treatment. These results suggest that hesperidin could induce apoptosis through CASP3 activation on SNU-668, human gastric cancer cells.

Enhanced Electric Double Layer Capacitance of Graphite Oxide Intercalated by Poly(sodium 4-styrensulfonate) with High Cycle Stability

Jeong, Hae-Kyung,Jin, Meihua,Ra, Eun Ju,Sheem, Kyeu Yoon,Han, Gang Hee,Arepalli, Sivaram,Lee, Young Hee American Chemical Society 2010 ACS NANO Vol.4 No.2

<P>We propose a new material for high power and high density supercapacitors with excellent cycle stability. Graphite oxide (PSS−GO) intercalated with poly(sodium 4-styrensulfonate) showed high performance of electric double layer capacitance (EDLC) compared to that of the pristine graphite oxide. Specific capacitance of the PSS−GO reached 190 F/g, and the energy density was much improved to 38 Wh/kg with a power density of 61 W/kg. Cycle test showed that the specific capacitance decreased by only 12% after 14860 cycles, providing excellent cyclic stability. The high EDLC performance of PSS−GO composite was attributed to the wide interlayer distance and simple pore structures accommodating fast ion kinetics.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/ancac3/2010/ancac3.2010.4.issue-2/nn901790f/production/images/medium/nn-2009-01790f_0006.gif'></P>